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"Losing Matthew Shepard"--A Review, 2007.
A presentation of the facts surrounding an anti-gay murder from B. Loffreda's book "Losing Matthew Shepard."
1,795 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the murder of Matthew Shepard, its background and repercussions, as portrayed in B. Loffreda's book "Losing Matthew Shepard." The reviewer first delves into the myths Loffreda presents surrounding gay populations outside of major urban centers. The paper then outlines the active homophobia in some rural areas, such as Wyoming, where the Shepard murder took place. The reviewer finds Loffreda's analysis to be extensive, since she was able to talk to many people in the town who otherwise avoided speaking to the media. Her investigation took place at the same time as the trial and other events related to the crime, making her ability to get answers from a shell-shocked public all the more remarkable.
From the Paper
"Wyoming is a part of the country that sees itself as separated from the sort of tensions ascribed by the populace to places like New York City. Some may also see New York and Los Angeles as bastions of gay populations while trying to deny that there are any gay people at all in the hinterlands, though clearly there are. Shepard had jus recently joined a group at the university called the Lesbian Gay bisexual Transgender Association (LGBTA), and though this was the only gay organization on campus and in Laramie as a whole, its existence shows that there was a sizeable gay population in the area. Others in the group had been attacked, leading to a view that anti-gay feelings were pervasive and that these might have contributed to the death of Shepard."
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Sex Discrimination at Work, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of sex discrimination in the workplace.
2,288 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer examines the subject of sex discrimination at work and the writer argues that gender discrimination stems from the patriarchal system. The writer looks at socialization and claims that discrimination in the workplace is just a continuation of the children's social upbringing. The writer claims that the problem of favoring man over woman is deeply-rooted in our society. Further, the writer maintains that patriarchal socialization is so great and so complete, that gender discrimination is frequently unconscious. The writer concludes that discrimination will probably continue for some time into the future, but if women make as much progress in the next 40 years as they made since the 1960s, conditions in the workplace will be much better for them.
Outline:
How Did It Start?
Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: What's Stopping Women?
What is the Problem?
What is the Glass Ceiling?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Patriarchal societies are always male-centered. In literature, for example, including movies and TV, the male experience is considered the human experience. Until only about 20 years ago, schools taught that male pronouns were always to be used when referring to people in mixed groups. If there were 39 girls and only one boy, for example, the male pronoun was "proper" English (as in "The student will put his pencils and his books in his desk at 3:15 and get ready to go home"). This kind of male-centered message says that females are unimportant and negligible. It implies that men are human beings and women are something other. Women's work and contributions, as a result, are devalued, belittled, and often invisible. The domestic work that women do, usually unpaid, is not even defined as work. For years, schoolteachers, almost always women, were hopeful that more men would enter the field of teaching because it would help them (the female teachers) to gain respect and better pay."
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Abstinence, 2007.
This paper discusses abstinence as the only reliable method of avoiding unwanted pregnancies among teenagers.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that sex education became a popular mode of addressing the problem of teenage pregnancy when the issue turned into a pressing and alarming concern. The writer argues that abstinence is found to be the only real and substantial approach to handling the problem, as it is clear that other approaches have failed to produce the desired result. The writer maintains that that abstinence-based programs have been far more effective and successful in bringing down the rate of teenage pregnancies than sex education programs. The writer concludes that abstinence is rightly considered the more effective approach and is thus being implemented in a large number of schools across the country.
From the Paper
"The reason traditional sex education is criticized is because teaching students about safe sex makes them believe that as long as they are using contraceptive, engaging in sexual activity is acceptable and safe. But that sadly is not the truth. There is medical evidence indicating that abstinence and not safe sex is the only reliable method of avoiding pregnancies. One article compared the effectiveness of sex-education programs in schools and found that schools with abstinence-based program had better results. These programs were more effective in preventing teenage sexual activity and pregnancies. Khouzem The Teen-Aid abstinence education curriculum has been widely used in Washington's city of Edinburgh for 5 years."
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Gender and Altruism, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between gender and altruistic behavior.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and assesses whether there is a relationship between gender and altruism. The paper defines altruism and discusses the results of a survey conducted to determine if any differences exist between males and females tendency to perform altruistic acts. It concludes that independent t-test results from the data showed that generally, there is no established significant relationship between gender of the individual and his/her propensity to commit acts of altruism.
From the Paper
"The feeling of being "at one with the other" is an important concept that must be taken into consideration in understanding altruism. What the findings showed is that altruism is best assessed not by the degree of help that one gives to the other, nor the feeling of empathy that is generated from the situation or scenario presented. The concept of oneness is found to be significant with the assessment of altruistic behavior (Maner et. al., 2002:1605). In the scenarios mentioned earlier, which yielded the highest and lowest mean score responses from both male and female respondents, the feeling of "oneness" is evident in the car scenarios, since all respondents felt positively and negatively for the "jumpstart" and "flat tire" scenarios, respectively."
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Homosexuality, 2007.
An examination of how gay men express themselves and have been perceived throughout history.
2,865 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper examines male homosexuality with an emphasis on cross-dressing. Perceptions of gays throughout history are presented, as well as a look at how gay men express themselves and how they are perceived by the heterosexual world. Individual accounts of cross-dressers are presented as well as a general look at this subculture. The tone of the article is very positive toward gays who cross-dress, encouraging openness and acceptance.
From the Paper
"Once it has been genuinely adopted as a method of self-expression, cross-dressing can express a profound sense of personal and communal gay pride. The drag queen revels in her differentness from the heterosexual community, and at the same time, creates a style and a savoir vivre that is often the envy of those - both gay and straight - who do not possess the same amount of personal courage and sense of security in their own identities that enables the drag queen to so freely be herself. As much as the drag queen was once the stereotype par excellence of the gay man in the heterosexual mind, so now has this image been so completely taken up by the gay world that it can be used as a potent force for good in the community, and even beyond. If people like to look at you when you are wearing you best and most glittering gown, why not put all of that popularity to work for the public good? This was exactly what a man named Charles did in New York - the culmination of a long, and often painful processing of coming out, and at long last discovering his true identity."
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"Victoria's Secret"--An Analysis, 2007.
An analysis of Charles Martin's poem "Victoria's Secret."
4,588 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 25 sources, MLA, AU$ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Charles Martin's poem about sexual liberation entitled "Victoria's Secret." Both the content and structure of the poem are examined. The reviewer first describes Martin's life and career. Then, the poem's metric system is evaluated, including the words and phrases used to accent certain messages and themes. Additionally, the reviewer considers the literary stylization that Martin uses to juxtapose his contemporary message within his education on Victorian era sex. Martin's use of the narrative voice is also analyzed. The author concludes that "Victoria's Secret" is deftly used to look at the deeper social problems of our day, which shows Martin's ability to provide entertaining social commentary hidden within a layer of mockery and wit.
From the Paper
"The first step to understanding "Victoria's Secrets" is to begin to learn of Charles Martin himself, an idiosyncratic poet who has transformed his poetic style to fit within the nuances of both traditional and modern poetry. Martin is not only a noted poet but also a critic and a translator he grew up in New York City and went to Fordham University and received his doctorate from the University of Buffalo . Although within "Victoria's Secret" his focus is on the witty and friendly imitation of traditional Victorian poetry, his specialty is in Latin poetry in which he has published twice. Considered one of the most prominent New Formalists , he has helped shape a transformation in modern form and narrative in poetry. This particular work was included within his book "Starting from Sleep: New and Selected Poems" in which he won the Bess Hokin Award. "
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Gender Roles, 2006.
A look at the so-called traditional gender roles.
1,231 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, from the time that males and females are born, they are expected to fit into what society often terms as the "traditional" roles for each gender. The paper goes on to discuss that in reality, both males and females often uphold and/or violate these so-called traditional roles, as does the multimedia establishment. This paper takes a look at the various facets of male and female gender roles in an effort to better understand this complex topic.
Outline:
Abstract
Socially Defined Terms-Masculinity and Femininity
Male Gender Roles- Followed and Violated
Female Gender Roles-Followed and Violated
Physiological Aspects of Gender Difference
Rebelling Against Gender Definition
Summary
From the Paper
"Women broke free of many of the gender definitions pre set for them by necessity, as well as by the burning human desire to have freedom. Necessity called in times of warfare; when men were taken away from their wage earning potential for military service, women took on many of the jobs that were classically reserved for men, proving that they in fact could cross gender definitions as established. The desire for women to break free of their gender limitations also existed as a result of the modern movement of equality for women. Also, many women defy gender roles in terms of clothing choices, hobbies, etc."
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Gender Roles, 2006.
An in-depth discussion regarding gender roles in society.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the issue of gender roles. According to the paper, gender roles are defined as the ways that society expects men and women to act, based upon what society and long standing tradition says is appropriate for men and women. The paper further discusses how these roles have been open to interpretation in recent generations due to a better understanding of gender roles and the realization that each person is unique and, as such, may behave in a unique way in terms of what his/her gender expression might be. The paper also explores various dimensions of the terms and expectations of gender definition in an effort to better understand the topic itself.
Outline:
Abstract
Socially Defined Terms-Masculinity and Femininity
Male Gender Roles- Followed and Violated
Female Gender Roles-Followed and Violated
The End of a War and the Beginning of a Battle
Summary
From the Paper
"When the war concluded and the men returned home, and to their regular jobs, it is true that many women returned to their home maker roles and left the working world behind. For a spirited few, however, the taste of an identity and ability to contribute by working outside of the home was not something that they could simply forget. Rather, many of these women stayed in the workforce, and it is likely that their husbands became the ones staying home. Undoubtedly, this was the case in the households where men returned from World War II too sick or injured to be able to work. Whatever the reason, the gender-shattering working woman was in force and here to stay."
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Women and Abortion, 2006.
A review of women and abortion, as an introduction to women and American politics.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the US legislature has been dominated historically by males. The paper then goes on to discuss the issue of women and abortion, reviewing the famous case of Roe vs Wade. The paper concludes with the opinion that the US government is sexist when it comes to the issue of abortion.
From the Paper
"The National Organization for Women (NOW) has a "historical highlight" page on their Web site that gives the dates of important legal watermarks relating to abortion rights and to those who oppose abortions ("pro-life" groups). In 1965, in Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court nullified a Connecticut statute prohibiting married couples from using birth control pills; not many people today are aware that it was actually illegal in some states for a woman to use birth control - again, we see a sexist situation coming in to play, where men in three-piece suits in state government were deciding what women could do with their bodies and what they could not do with their bodies. The Court ruled that the "right to marital privacy" allows married couples to use contraceptives if they wish to."
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The Stonewall Riot, 2006.
This paper discusses the timing and significance of the Stonewall Riot, which occurred in 1969 in Greenwich Village, New York, when police clashed with the patrons of the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay and lesbian nightspot.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Stonewall Riot soon became a landmark in the Civil Rights struggle because the riot reflected the social climate that people in authority---in this case, the New York City Police---were taking too many liberties with their power and needed to be prevented from abusing that power. The author points out that the riot sent a strong message that the homosexual community would no longer tolerate unfair and unequal treatment in society and demanded equal rights and recognition. The paper relates that the dichotomy between the acceptance of homosexuals by society and the attainment of legal rights for homosexuals is a strange irony, which was one of the underpinnings of the Stonewall Riot and of much of the turmoil for this particular civil rights struggle throughout history.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Timing of The Stonewall Riot
Stonewall Riot as a Landmark in the Civil Rights Struggle
Exceptions to the Rule
Summary
From the Paper
"Research also reveals that there were some exceptions to the social and legal exclusion of homosexuals from the mainstream of early America; these specific examples can be seen in a study of the city of Boston in the early days of the American colonies. Ironically enough, Boston, which in itself would eventually come to stand as an icon in the fight for liberty and justice, valued homosexuals not en masse, but rather welcomed worthy people into society without judging them based on sexual orientation, which is the personification of the rights that would be fought for centuries later at an inn in New York on a summer night in 1969."
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Short Stories of Human Ignorance, 2006.
A comparison between "The Yellow Wallpaper" by C. P. Gilman and "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" by G. G. Marquez.
1,097 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
A discussion regarding the theme of uncivilized behavior due to human ignorance, in "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. According to the paper, in analyzing these short stories we are confronted with two unexplored possibilities in life, as interpreted by the authors and personified by their stories' protagonists.
From the Paper
"As a woman struggling to free and define herself from society's oppressive nature against women, the female protagonist raises many issues which symbolically represents her oppression. Among these issues is the fact that she cannot work because of her condition: "...am absolutely forbidden to "work" until I am well again...Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good." These lines of thought from the protagonist reflect the woman's disagreement on he husband's belief that she needs rest. As a housewife confined mostly at home, the woman yearned to develop herself, to function as an able individual not just in her home but in her society as well. Thus, work became a symbolic manifestation of the woman's yearning for freedom: freedom from the oppressive label of being a housewife, and freedom from being limited and dictated what she needs to do and not do."
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Feminist Jurisprudence, 2006.
A discussion regarding feminist jurisprudence and landmark decisions relating to gender.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the topic of feminist jurisprudence. According to the paper, feminist jurisprudence as a philosophy and practical enterprise began in the 1960s. The paper continues saying that the foundation of feminist jurisprudence lies in the struggle for equal rights and against gender discrimination. It is essentially based on the view that societies have shown a tendency towards gender subjugation and discrimination.
From the Paper
"Sexual harassment in the workplace has been the focus of some important legal decisions. The first sexual harassment case in the United States is considered to be Barnes v. Train (1974). Another landmark case which established sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination was Williams v. Saxbe, 1976. This case showed that "...when sexual advances by a male supervisor towards a female employee, if proven, would be deemed an artificial barrier to employment placed before one gender and not another. " (Sexual harassment) The issue of sexual harassment was also spelt out by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) which issued various regulations in 1980 and which stated that sexual harassment was in fact a form of gender discrimination that related to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. "
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Feminism in Politics, 2006.
A review of the role of feminism in politics and political science.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the major feminist critiques of mainstream political science and the contributions feminism has made to the study of political participation. The paper further attempts to provide an understanding and appreciation of the sphere of influence of feminism on politics.
Outline:
Abstract
Feminist Critiques of Mainstream Political Science
Feminist Contributions to the Study of Political Participation
Feminism's Effect on the Study of Political Participation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On a strategic level, the advancement of women into the halls of higher learning institutions contributed to political studies from both sides of the classroom in a sense. Female students, now empowered by a clearer sense of political identity and their role in the feminist movement, began to challenge the course content which usually portrayed men as superior in intelligence, nerve, and political ability, thereby making them politically superior to women. Female students also fought for the right to have access to the same educational institutions and resources as their male counterparts (Ali, 2000). Eventually, having earned degrees of higher learning as well as political power, feminists rose to the role of instructor in many educational settings, giving them a pulpit from which to share the practical realities and advantages of feminist thought and practice."
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Gender Stereotyping in the Workplace, 2007.
This paper is a step-by step research proposal to explore gender stereotyping in the workplace.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that social psychology knowledge leads to the identification and challenge of gender stereotypes, to the identification of other ways of thinking about stereotypes and to the breaking of stereotypes. The author points out that an experimental design can be drawn to test the hypotheses that there is a difference in gender stereotypes for higher position and lower position employees and that there is the possibility that human resources management employees are more prejudiced by (more affected by) concerns about gender roles. The paper suggests a questionnaire describing an ambiguous workplace situation, which is followed by a series of specific questions to be rated on a five-point Likert scale.
From the Paper
"The study of social psychology can be of a great help to identify the stereotypes and the way they interact with our lives. A great body of research suggests that stereotypes are implicit, unconscious. In the workplace, however, they are more obvious, due to the fact that they appear repeatedly, and generate aversive behaviors as an outcome of unfairness. This is also true in socio-political context. Because stereotypes are implicit, the social psychology research and methods or simply the great amount of information on this subject would be very helpful for at least to gain awareness on the existence of such processes."
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"Why Marriages Fail", 2007.
An analysis of Anne Roiphe's essay "Why marriages Fail" and the the relationship of the couples in the movie "Notting Hill".
891 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of the couple in the film "Notting Hill", William and Anna, and attempts to analyze whether they will have a successful marriage. The paper focuses on Anne Roiphe's essay "Why marriages Fail" and provides a contextual analysis of the couples in the movie "Notting Hill," directed by Roger Michell, to provide a better insight into the intricacies involved in relationships.
Table of Contents:
Thesis
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Most relationships tend to burn out after the initial few months when the attractions that blinded them quickly fades out. In any relationship there would be frictions and problem situations that arise out of nowhere. As Roiphe says the over dependency for intimacy and care on the part of one of the partners may weigh too much on the other partner. For relationships to succeed couples must strike a balance between closeness and individuality. This is only possible if the partners exhibit understanding and are willing to show some sacrifice. William's character shows composure, integrity and commitment. Anna, for her part, though a little quick to react and less composed, (as most famous people are) is still a sensitive woman who respects others feelings and who is in search of true love. Watching the movie one gets the feeling that Anna and William love each other truly and complement each other nicely, and so the relationship should withstand the test of time."
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Bullying, 2007.
This paper discusses aspects and characteristics related to bullying.
1,805 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the classrooms of today are filled with students of diverse cultures, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, and learning and physical ability. The writer discusses that the topic of bullying has emerged in the past few years as an issue of growing concern among students, parents, and school administrators alike. The writer explains that bullying can best be defined as repeated oppression, physical or psychological, of a less powerful person by a more powerful person or group. This paper examines bullying in terms of gender differences, both "bully" and "victim" characteristics, and the causes and consequences of bullying for all those involved. The writer concludes that the problems associated with bullying must not become accepted in the educational system, and remain an obstacle to fostering human learning and development.
Outline:
Introduction
Gender Differences
Characteristics of Bullies
Characteristics of Victims
Consequences of Bullying
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The various types and methods of bullying also vary with boys and girls. Research by Chu indicates that boys are the primary bullies and victims on the streets, playgrounds and schools, whereas girls are the primary bullies and victims of bullying performed online. According to Chu, nearly one third of the eighth grade girls surveyed reported being bullied online in the previous two months. This is comparable to the 10% of boys bullied online. The reason for the difference between the gender in bullying online is that online, an individual's identity can be hidden, and girls may feel more comfortable being the bully if no one knows their real identity. Rigby indicates that girls are usually more empathetic than boys, both in recognizing the emotion someone else is having, and in feeling that same emotion themselves. Furthermore, research indicates that girls are generally more empathetic than boys toward the victims of aggression. Thus, gender does account for the differences between bullying."
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