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Drug Testing in the Workplace, 2007.
A review of an article written by Michael Cranford called "Drug Testing and the Right to Privacy: Arguing the Ethics of Workplace Drug Testing."
1,289 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses issues related in an article written by Michael Cranford called "Drug Testing and the Right to Privacy: Arguing the Ethics of Workplace Drug Testing." The paper suggests that employers have two grounds on which to test employees - ethical (in case the employee becomes injured at work) and legal (the test does not infringe on privacy and drug use is costing the company money). The paper discusses these contentions in more detail.
Table of Contents:
One: The Problem
Two: The Issues Related To The Problem Addressed By The Article Three: The Implications Of The Article To All Parties And Society Ramifications If The Problem Is Not Addressed
Tangible Benefits Of Resolving The Problem
Four: Solutions Provided By The Article
From the Paper
"If the worker is indeed found to be taking drugs that impair performance, the fact that the company now knows about the drug abuse allows the company to provide "employer-sponsored counseling and rehabilitative measures" (although Cranford doesn't say how many companies would provide rehab versus simply firing the person). So, if there were no drug tests, the employee who is addicted, for example, would have continued using drugs had the test not caught the use and allowed the employer to help the user kick the habit. And moreover, knowing the worker is proven through verifiable testing to be a drug user protects the company from "wrongful termination litigation," if indeed the worker is fired and makes a claim against the company firing him or her."
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Euthanasia, 2007.
A discussion of the ethical dilemmas facing doctors and nurses when discussing euthanasia.
1,452 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical issue of euthanasia and particularly, the way that it impacts the nursing profession. The paper defines euthanasia and then goes on to describe the different forms of euthanasia and the differing ethical issues that exist for each one. The paper also discusses the moral dilemma for doctors who are required, on the one hand, to follow the patients's will and on the other hand, are required to treat and to attempt to cure.
From the Paper
"The involuntary euthanasia is the third and most cruel form of killing. In Nazi Germany the state decided to dispose off its retarded, handicapped and mentally ill under the T-4 Euthanasia Program. The persons being subjected to involuntary euthanasia fully appreciated their handicap, although severely ill or deformed, they did not want to die. This form is unacceptable in any society. Even in the post war Germany, the involuntary euthanasia practice during the Nazi period is recognized as inhuman and now the preferred word for euthanasia is 'Sterbhilfe' (help in dying)."
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College Athletes, 2006.
A discussion regarding the compensation of student athletes.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the hypocrisy of a system that prohibits student athletes, many of whom devote more than a full-time workweek to their sport outside of classes, from being compensated for their efforts outside of free school-related items like tuition and books. According to the paper, the college system has become inundated with corruption regarding payments and perks offered to players, more and more athletes are electing to skip college or at least a year of it altogether in favor of going professional, and demands on athletes are becoming more and more time-consuming and stringent.
From the Paper
"One critic of the current system has even suggested that paying athletes is a basic human rights issue of underpaid (rather, unpaid) workers and said that even if students' pay is put into a trust fund for after graduation, at least the athletes will have been reimbursed for their efforts (Kirkpatrick 1995). Students who participate in work-study programs at their universities naturally expect to be, and are, reimbursed for their efforts at the school. In a similar manner, student-athletes perform a valuable service for the university and should be compensated accordingly. Many opponents of this policy noted that most college athletics programs do not turn a profit; granted, women's tennis may not be a significant spectator sport at many colleges, but that does not mean that the national champion football team did not bring in upwards of $100 million in merchandise, television rights, and ticket sales."
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Affirmative Action, 2006.
A discussion regarding the history, social impact and efficacy of affirmative action policies.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the history of affirmative action and how it has evolved over the years. The paper looks at the impact that affirmative action has on society and the actual success or failure of such a policy.
From the Paper
"In terms of how federal Affirmative Action policies and guidelines are supposed to accomplish these goals, the process was/is intended to be slow but steady. Affirmative Action policies and guidelines would facilitate opportunities for equal entry, for blacks, other minorities, and other protected groups, into housing, jobs and higher education institutions until, little by little, America's keen consciousness of racial differences (the basis of discrimination) would lessen and eventually disappear: in neighborhoods; in colleges; universities; graduate and professional schools; and workplaces (Dworkin; Harris & Narayan; Sabbagh). In this respect, up to now, Affirmative Action has been partly successful, although not entirely successful. Still, some genuine gains have been made (Marable). As Marable also reminds us, however "These impressive gains were not a result of voluntary actions" (p. 36), and likely never would have been made at all, except for Affirmative Action policies and guidelines."
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Human Cloning: Ethics, Science and Religion, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of stem cell research from the political, scientific and religious aspects.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that it is not legal in the United States to use any federal funds in the production of stem cells that were gleaned from human embryos. The paper explains how this law is controversial because many researchers believe that stem cells' unique ability to be converted into other cells is important in the ongoing search for cures for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other diseases that presently have no remedy.The paper then discusses the religious viewpoints of cloning of the Roman Catholic Church, Jews, Protestants and Muslims. In addition, the paper points out five ethical issues relates to cloning.
Outline:
Scientific and Political Aspects of Cloning
Religious Issues Related to Cloning
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, an article in The Chronicle of Higher Education (Monastersky, 2006) points out that research is continuing, and privately-funded labs are using stem cell lines from leftover embryos "produced during in vitro fertilization procedures at fertility clinics." Those embryonic cells are thought "to hold such promise because they are pluripotent," Monastersky writes; that means, the article continues, that they "have the ability to develop into any one of the more than 200 different types of cells in the adult human body.""
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Ethics and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2007.
The paper examines the issue of corporate responsibility, the extent of its existence and what ideally corporate ethical responsibility should be.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the essence of corporate ethical responsibility is the embracing of strategies that are transparent, easily accounted for and free from conflicts of interest. The paper explains how this was lacking in many corporations who found that through sophisticated trading and fund management, fake financial results could be created to give the illusion of greater profits, growth and earning potential. The paper discusses how the US Congress felt it necessary to legislate corporate responsibility and ethics in the form of laws. The paper details the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation and relates that these laws are forcing companies to comply with legislation that will guarantee fiscal accountability and corporate responsibility for ethical behavior.
Outline:
Defining Ethical Responsibility
Enforcing Corporate Responsibility
Sarbanes-Oxley is Redefining Corporate Ethics and Responsibility
From the Paper
"The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation promises to be just the beginning of a tidal wave of compliance legislation that will influence organizations and their strategies to attain corporate responsibility for years to come. CEOs specifically are at the center of many of the compliance efforts, as they will be held personally responsible for any aberrations in reporting and financial data. The fact that many publicly-held companies are contending with as the revised deadline approaches for Section 404 compliance and are still not ready shows that even with legislation, corporate responsibility takes a strong commitment from C-level executives to become real in a company."
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Ethics of Social Promotion, 2007.
This paper presents an examination of social promotions in school.
1,997 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores what a social promotion does and then discusses the controversy surrounding its use. A case study is also presented in which a counselor disagrees with the social promotion graduation plans for a high school student and suggests several alternatives. The writer concludes that social promotion has a place in today's school systems, however, the need for personal responsibility cannot be minimized either. The writer maintains that the ethics of social promotion must be carefully weighed in each case so that the student reaches the most appropriate decision while not being enabled to deflect personal responsibility for success or failure. Further, the writer notes that school guidance counselors must be prepared to argue their case against the unwarranted social promotion of a student, while at the same time be able to offer alternatives that can satisfy the district by maintaining an ethical standard of high quality.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Promotion Defined
Argument for Banning Social Promotion
History of Social Promotion
Ethical Dilemma
Case Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The practice of social promotion has been a debated topic in the field of education for many years. Those who agree with its use believe it allows a student to succeed who otherwise would have no hope of success, while those who are against its use believe it teaches students that they do not have to make an effort and they will be handed success anyway, which will harm them later in life.
School systems across the nation have been dismantling their social promotion policy over the past few years citing the fact that students need to be prepared for the real world and social promotion does not prepare them. In addition the systems dismantling their social promotion programs believe it is unfair to the students who work hard to fulfill the requirements to allow their peers to promote without the same success."
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Ethics of Euthanasia, 2006.
An examination of the ethics of euthanasia using the Jeremy Bentham's principle of utility from 'An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation'.
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a definition of euthanasia, and then relates it to the principle of utility as described in 'An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation' by Jeremy Bentham. The paper then discusses the ethical perspective of euthanasia from the perspective of religion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From this point of view, if an action brings them happiness, it possesses utility; by contrast, to the extent that it does not do so is the extent to which it can be viewed as being a constraint to happiness: "By the principle of utility is meant that principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency which it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in question: or, what is the same thing in other words, to promote or to oppose that happiness" (p. 12). In reality, then, the steps that could be followed in an application of this principle to the concept of the ethics of euthanasia are not very different from any other setting."
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Workplace Drug Testing, 2006.
A discussion regarding the legal and ethical issues surrounding workplace drug testing.
1,606 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the legal and ethical issues pertaining to drug testing within the workplace. According to the paper, the effects of alcohol and drug abuse in the workplace places a heavy burden on the business. The paper lists some of the affected areas as tardiness, absenteeism, turnover, attitude problems, employee theft, accidents, product defects, decreased productivity, crime and violence.
From the Paper
"It is difficult to ascertain whether drug testing can be mandatory or voluntary since the end state - and because it is backed by local, state and federal legislations - all drug testing can be considered mandatory! This is a valid premise because if an employee refuses, certain sanctions can be handed down by management. But the foremost consideration for drug testing in the work environment is that written policies should be in place. These policies should and must be cascaded to all employees and employees must sign documents attesting to understanding the contents of the policies. The policies of the company must have undergone review and validation by the medical, human resources and legal departments to give weight and credence to it. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2003) states that, "Most employers test applicants and employees in one or more of the following situations: during an annual physical; before promotions or transfers; before being placed in - or routinely while in - positions involving money, security, or safety; after accidents; for past users; following treatment; when referred by management through just cause or reasonable suspicion; and on a random basis."
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Organizational Behavior Trends, 2007.
A look at ethics, decision-making and work-related stress caused by technology.
1,047 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how in today's workplaces, issues of ethics and excessive (and/or unethical) technology are each key considerations in the area of organizational behavior for managers, employees, and others. It discusses how issues of workplace ethics, including technological ethics, will likely continue to cause stress, moreover, as narrower definitions of workplace privacy continue to emerge.
From the Paper
" It is simply too easy in today's world for technologies to become ubiquitous at work and home, blurring the line between work and time off. At one time, workers at the end of their day simply walked away from their desks, files, typewriters, telephones, etc., and returned the next morning. Now, with cell phones; e-mail; fax machines; pagers; text-messages, etc., one's work environment intrudes regularly on home life and other time away from the workplace. Increasingly, anxious workers even bring laptop computers on vacation, in order to "check in" when away. Laptop computers permit workers, literally, to take their offices home (or to doctor's offices; waiting rooms; airports, etc.). "
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Plato and Ethical Issues Today, 2007.
The paper explores the relationship between the ethical theories of Plato's "Republic" and the ethics of warfare and counter-terrorism.
1,817 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to show that Plato's ethical theories provides for a theory of warfare and can be seen to support the ethics of counter-terrorism. The paper discusses how Plato's view of ethics, as it is explicated in the ideal of a just society, is based on an ethical and philosophical concept of order and the ideal of the correct way to live. The paper relates that Plato's idealistic philosophy has been severely criticized from many quarters in the twentieth and present centuries. The paper explains that it is often seen as anti-democratic, autocratic and even fascist. The paper maintains that, nevertheless, the ethical principles that he propounds have potential value for our often self-destructive and disintegrating modern world.
From the Paper
"For Plato in The Republic and elsewhere, "Virtue is order." (Plato and Platonism) This is a foundational theme that runs through his ethics. This sense of virtue also can be seen to justify warfare when placed in the context of the perfect society, as it reflects the virtuous order of the rational human being. However, one has to explore Plato's thought to understand terms like justice and order in the context of his overarching philosophical theory. In order to understand these ethical concepts one has to establish the relationship between these terms and the central issue in his philosophy; namely the relationship between the ideal and the real in the theory of Forms."
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Observational Studies of Police, 2007.
This paper discusses the ethics and risks involved in the research of police officers.
2,731 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper examines observational studies of the police officer and the risks, including ethical risks, that one might face in the course of conducting such a study. The paper notes the danger that is presented in one 'going native' and losing his/her objectivity, thereby clouding the research. The paper reviews various studies about the risks in such a research initiative. This paper finds that optimally one would research from a more detached or objective view and certainly accompany an observational study of the police officer with other types of data and analysis methods. The paper concludes how it is clear that the observational study of the police officer is one with inherent risks that the researcher should be well-prepared for.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem of Access
Impartiality
Going Native
Overt Vs Covert
Ethics
How Reliable/How Valid
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another factor to consider is the confidentiality of the information one might obtain in the conduction of research and the fact that a court order might order disclosure compliance and simultaneously conflict with principles in research and ethics. Related in one report are two specific instances when a court order might demand confidential research information being disclosed. Those two situations are: "(1) When maintaining confidentiality would undermine a defendant's right to full answer and defense, and (2) When public safety is endangered. (Lowman and Palys, nd)"
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Technology & The Organization, 2006.
A review of ethics and organizational behavior trends.
888 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper researches organizational behavior trends and the influence it has on ethics and decision-making. The paper also discusses the impact of technology on work-related stress. The paper further reviews various books and articles discussing this subject.
Overview:
Objective
Changes in the American Workplace
Worker Fear Associated With Technology
Technology Presents a New Ethical Dilemma
From the Paper
"There appears to be an ethical dilemma presented by the technological advancements of today's work environment and the worker's perception of job security which leads one to question the plausibility and the necessity of company sponsored training for workers in the area of technology an information technology. Ethical considerations are critical within an organization because failure to consider such issues may cause permanent damages to employees, result in employee turnover rates being extremely high and as well may negatively affect the organizational productivity overall. Briesch (2005) states in his work that: "Work-related stress is on the rise and job satisfaction has declined from 59% in 1995 to less than 49% in 2003. These three things - health, happiness, and productivity - are the essential ingredients of a good society. Improvement in productivity alone, which is almost the sole emphasis of many organizations today, is not enough."
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Immigration into the USA, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of immigration in America.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the difficult issue of immigration into the USA and its rigid border controls. The paper discusses how, as numerous commentators have pointed out, America is a country that was built by immigrants and it therefore seems somewhat ironic and contradictory that the question of immigration is a subject that divides the American public and which has been the cause of such heated and extensive debate.
From the Paper
"The advocates of this view call for a repeal of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, which criminalizes the act of crossing the border to search fro work. ("Tear Down the Wall": Global Exchange Statement on U.S.-Mexico Border Migration) This call is also motivated by the fact that many young immigrants are "... in danger of being deported for petty crimes or even for crimes they did not commit..." which can in turn result in "...separating and destroying families and uprooting youth from their home communities." ("Tear Down the Wall": Global Exchange Statement on U.S.-Mexico Border Migration) In essence those who are in favor of this view see the strict immigration controls as an exacerbating factor in the increase of crime and criminal behavior among immigrants. "
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Surrogate Parenting, 2007.
This paper argues that surrogate motherhood is an appropriate and ethical consideration for childless couples.
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issues of surrogate pregnancy. The various types of surrogacy are defined as well as the possible problems that may arise because of this arrangement. Despite the implications of surrogate parenting, the author concludes that this is a viable means for childless couples to become parents.
From the Paper
"Because gestational surrogacy does not genetically link the host mother with the gestational parents, relinquishment of the child after pregnancy would seem much simpler than if the mother carrying the baby is genetically linked with the baby. Traditional surrogacy, requiring the carrier mother's eggs to conceive a child, automatically brings forth the question of whether the genetic mother should have a continuing relationship with the child after birth (Jaggar, 1994). It is important that couples consider the implications of traditional surrogacy. Still other opponents argue it is more difficult for the genetic or gestational mother to bond with a child she has not carried. There is adequate research however, supporting the role of the genetic mother and legitimizing her right to raising her child (Beckman & Ciccarelli, 2005). This research suggests that genetic mothers when provided ample support and resources are just as likely to raise a healthy child whether they carried the child to term or not."
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Code of Ethics, 2007.
This paper develops a system of inquiry to evaluate decision making, problem solving and behavior in a business setting.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a system of inquiry for use by business organizations interested in following a code of ethics or conduct when engaging in business activities. The writer explains that the system of inquiry is a tool that organizations can use to ensure that all decision- making and policy-making activities within the organization occur in a manner consistent with the values and morals of the organization, as outlined by the organization's code of ethics. Further, the writer points out that the system of inquiry can help guide business managers and key executives within the organization when weighing the benefits versus costs of engaging in various business activities. This paper entails the use of a system of inquiry to evaluate decision making, problem solving and social behaviors in a business setting.
Outline:
Overview of the System of Inquiry
System of Inquiry
How Do Business Decisions Affect Internal and External Customers?
Can The Problem Be Solved in an Ethical Manner?
When Should The Code of Ethics Be Considered?
Who Should Use the System of Inquiry?
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The system of inquiry proposed will use as its foundation the Matsushita Group's code of conduct. This code's purpose includes maintaining the organization's commitment to "social contributions" through business related activities and promoting corporate "social responsibility" to customers of the organization, both internal and external. The code of conduct used applies to all member of the organization including executive members and front line managers as well as front line employees of the organization. The code of conduct suggests that the organization must embrace integrated processes and philosophies reflecting the diverse population employed and serviced by the organization."
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