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Social Responsibility, 2006.
A review of three articles on social responsibility: "Serving in Florida" by Barbara Ehrenreich, "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits" by Milton Friedman and "A Teasing Irony" by Paul Hawken.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the social responsibility of a business. The paper reviews articles by Barbar Ehrenreich, Milton Friedman and Paul Hawken and looks at how each discusses different aspects of the social responsibility of business.
From the Paper
"In other words, if the executive owner of Jerry's or the Hearthside, where Ehrenreich worked, cared about the health of his employees, and the fact that so many of them were abused by customers and middle managers, then the CEO would be doing a disservice to the shareholders of the corporate enterprise. But in actuality, Ehrenreich shows that apparently pure profit-making schemes, like limiting employee work breaks as "time theft," giving the workers poor quality health care and food, is simply counter-productive even from a profit-making point of view, since this leaves employees sick, tired, miserable, and angry, and results in high employee turnover for the company. In Friedman's idealistic view of capitalism, to increase shareholder profits, the CEO of Jerry's would realize this fact and institute reforms."
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Privacy Invasion, 2007.
This paper explores the complex issue of employer infringement of employee privacy rights.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the nature of the workplace is progressing, with new and increasingly controversial ways in which employers can possibly impinge upon an employee's physical privacy. The paper illustrates how the legal and ethical ramifications of these tools remain complex and multi-faceted. The paper explores the major ways in which employers might possibly violate the privacy rights of any one of their employees through physical means; drug testing, genetic testing and electronic surveillance. The paper bemoans that legal precedents regarding these issues have made relatively little progress towards reaching a widespread consensus on how to handle such cases.
From the Paper
"Possibly the most interesting and contentious of the ways in which employers might infringe upon personal privacy is through genetic testing. The way in which the genetic information obtained might be used, however, often varies: "Genetic testing includes both genetic screening and genetic monitoring. In genetic screening workers are tested for genetic predispositions for example to chemically caused disease. In genetic monitoring, workers are tested for genetic damage caused e.g. by exposure to chemicals in the workplace," (Persson 2). The main concern of the business in relation to employee predisposition or incurred damage is not, primarily, the employee's health; instead, genetic testing reflects a concern for legal liability on the part of certain companies that expose employees to potentially hazardous environments."
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Profiling and Its Legal Implications, 2006.
A discussion regarding the legal issues surrounding the profiling of passengers at airports.
3,757 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the legal and ethical implications of profiling passengers at airports in the United States. The paper reviews the different opinions of profiling, some saying that it is a necessity due to the current state of world affairs and others believing that it is an infringement of basic civil and constitutional rights.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Profiling: The Legal and Ethical Pros and Cons
Legal Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The reaction to profiling prior or the events of 9/11 was essentially condemnatory. The profiler was seen as a discriminator who 'tags' and targets certain groups or ethnic and racial groupings with pre-determined ideas about their qualities and attributes. It is the creation of pre-determined views that creates the problem with profiling. This is the basis of the negative response that has emerged in recent years to the practice of police profiling. Profiling is seen in practice as another form of discrimination, marginalization and prejudice. On the other hand, the authorities claim that profiling is not intended to be prejudicial but is rather a practical and important part of police work and an attempt to reduce crime. It is in essence a tool that allows the police to isolate criminals in a rapid and effective way. The practice of profiling has a contentious and criticism-filled history that persists to the present day."
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Ethical Considerations, 2006.
A discussion on the ethical considerations of fraudulent misrepresentation and mergers and acquisitions.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how fraudulent misrepresentation, also known as fraud or deceit, is a tort based on liability for material misrepresentations, upon which a party justifiably relies, which lead to a contract or other legal relationship. It points out that the reasonable reliance clause makes the tort of fraudulent misrepresentation an acceptable part of ethics law and how the ethical ramifications of the extension of liability are enormous. It also relates that the very complexity of most mergers and acquisitions, combined with the sheer number of interested parties, makes it unlikely that a merger or acquisition can be completed without dealing with conflicts of interest or other ethical considerations.
Table of Contents
Fraudulent Misrepresentation
Mergers and Acquisitions
From the Paper
"The merger of acquisition of small companies presents different ethical issues. The first issue is that rumors of a merger might be enough to destroy a smaller business, which means that confidentiality takes on a new importance in small business mergers. The second issue is that many small businesses are funded from the outside, whether through investors, lenders, or venture capitalists. Any change in a company's ownership has to protect the interests of the people and institutions that already have an interest in the company."
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Stem Cell Research, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of stem cell research.
753 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the hot topic of stem cell research. The paper discusses how stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types within the body and because they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the individual or animal is still alive, they serve as a repair system.
From the Paper
"According to the National Institutes of Health, the most important potential application of human stem cells is the generation of cells and tissues that could be used for cell-based therapies (Stem). Donated organs and tissues are often used today to replace ailing or destroyed tissue, however the need for transplantable tissues and organs far outweighs the available supply (Stem). Because of the ability to differentiate into specific cell types, stem cells offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis (Stem)."
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Dishonesty, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of dishonesty, looking at the Enron scandal.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the element of dishonesty involved in the corporate-level fraud scandal at Enron. This writer discusses the Enron scandal and then draws parallels between his personal actions and those of Enron. The writer notes that although his ethical transgression was not on the same scale as that of Enron, it is simple for the writer to make a comparison between his personal actions and those of Enron. This essay includes a personal account, that is partially compared to the Enron scandal.
From the Paper
"The Enron scandal is not over. Key figures like former CEO and Chairman of the Board Kenneth Lay wasn't put on trail until January of 2006. Defense attorneys attempt to portray their clients as innocent victims of a volatile market, and of being under pressure from federal prosecutors. Other top architects and participants in the scandal include Enron's Chief Auditor David Duncan, who famously shred countless documents in a flagrant attempt to avert justice. Sherron Watkins was the main whistleblower, who drew attention away from Lay and on to and Andrew Fastow and Jeffrey Skilling. The Enron scandal led to several changes in federal legislation regarding accounting practices and employee pension laws."
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Ethics and the Auto Repair Industry Table of Contents:, 2007.
A discussion on the ethics involved in the auto repair business.
1,268 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that when it comes to ethics, auto repair shops are not highly regarded by the American motoring public. It claims that consumers fear, among other things, that auto repair shops are only interested in making money and may try to sell consumers things they do not need. It explains that while some shops have tried to enforce a code of ethics, certain operational procedures within the auto repair and service industry have created a climate that encourages shops to sell consumers more than they may require. The paper also offers facts on common myths surrounding the industry.
Outline:
The 3000-Mile Oil Change
Statement Products
Fixation on Dollars per Car
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another strategy is inexpensive oil changes. Wal-Mart, certainly, has used this strategy through its Tire & Lube Express shops, but independent lube and repair shops say car dealers have been using this strategy most aggressively to steer business to their service centers (Sullivan, 2003). Some of these dealers offer oil changes for as little as $10-$15, which is less expensive than you could buy five quarts of oil and a filter if you wanted to change your own oil. Why would these shops sell services at a loss or, at the very least, at a razor-thin margin? The answer is simple - once you are in the shop, they can sell you different high-margin services such as transmission fluid changes, air filter changes or even tune-ups (Sullivan, 2003). "
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Hispanic Assimilation, 2007.
A discussion on how Hispanic women are less likely to learn English and assimilate into American culture than Hispanic men.
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how one of the central myths about Hispanic or Latino people in America is that they do not want to learn or speak English. The paper details how this myth has been disproved in many studies and statistical analyses. The paper explores how there is tension between the need and desire for assimilation and acceptance and the simultaneous pull towards the retention of culture and language; and the fear of loss of identity through the process of assimilation. The paper concludes that there is a gradual process of assimilation which is taking place among Hispanic women. However, there is also the pull towards cultural traditions, which has resulted in fewer Hispanic women than men learning English and assimilating into American culture.
From the Paper
"This also points to the fact that there will a strong tendency to retain cultural language and traditions among many of the Hispanic immigrants. Furthermore, In the U.S., more than 28 million people speak Spanish at home, and about half of these people speak English less than "very well." (Rodriguez, L.) The following is an excerpt from an interview with a Hispanic woman. From a report entitled Hispanic Trends, this interview serves to illustrate the important part that language plays in the retention of culture."
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Equality of Arms in International Tribunals, 2006.
A discussion regarding the modern concept of equality of arms.
3,068 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 26 sources, APA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at modern day warfare and the role of the equality of arms concept at International Criminal Tribunals. The paper concludes by reviewing the impact of the Military Commission Act of 2006 on the theory of equality of arms.
From the Paper
"Even from the beginning, the purpose of these international tribunals was to have fair trials in order for justice to be properly served . In order to do so, it would have been necessary that the principle of equality of arms would have been respected. Unfortunately, in the case of the ICTY and the ICTR, equality of arms meant only that the accused would receive proper counsel but not the same resources as the prosecutors. For example, in the first case before the ICTY, that of Dusko Tadic, the lawyers assigned to represent him were not properly "trained" to be able to do so, because their expertise did not include that specific type of adversarial proceedings. Moreover, while the prosecutors benefited from the Special Legal Services division created by the tribunal, there was no such thing for the defense counsel. From the financial point of view, there were also some serious problems. For example, the defense lawyer's fees were considerably smaller than the ones of the prosecutors. Fortunately, the defense's petition for an increase of the daily fees, addressed to the Registry, was approved, thus improving the situation. There were also insufficient funds to cover administrative costs; an important fact influencing the fate of the trial was that the Serb authorities did not cooperate with the defense team and that witnesses could not be brought to the location of the trial in order to be questioned."
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Arguing Against Stem Cell Research, 2006.
An argument against stem cell research, particularly when it involves embryonic cells.
1,456 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the controversial stem cell research topic. The paper explores the pros and cons of the issue and argues that stem cell research, in particular using embryonic cells, should not be allowed. The paper bases its opinion on an ethical, moral and economic foundation.
Outline:
Introduction
What it is
The Bottom Line
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Along this line the same can be said for the continued lifespan that stem cell research can eventually provide. Is it worth it to have life at any cost even if the reduction of deaths create an almost impossible living environment to live in on earth? How will social security handle the load if no one ever dies? Where will people live as the world become impossibly crowded? These are questions that need to be addressed and answered before the world should ever consider allowing stem cell research to continue.
Most of the controversy surrounding embryonic use is centered around the definition of when life begins. As with the abortion debate there are those who believe that life begins at conception while others believe it does not begin until the fetus would otherwise be viable outside of the womb."
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Growth Hormone, 2006.
A discussion regarding pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses of growth hormone.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This study helps to ascertain whether the use of growth hormone has any beneficial effect on those who wish to use it for cosmetic purposes. The paper further discusses whether its use should be restricted to those who have deficits in their body's secretions of somatotropin as children.
From the Paper
"Dr. Richard Sadovsky, in the journal, American Family Physician treats children to improve height velocity and bone maturation in children. However, he says "the use of growth hormone in children with non-growth hormone-deficient short stature is controversial." He cites a study by Kawai and Associates with 27 boys of short stature that were divided into a control group that received nothing that would affect growth or bone maturation and a treatment group that received pituitary-derived or recombinant human growth hormone five or six times every week for 3.5 to 4.8 years. The surprising findings were that growth hormone therapy during prepubery did not improve height and actually resulted in shorter final height than what would have been attained naturally. "This may be the result of accelerated bone maturation and reduction of the duration of puberty." Rosenfeld, who conducted the study, commented that short children with normal growth velocities may be negatively affected by "the early and rapid pubertal progression caused by growth hormone therapy." Those involved must carefully select the children, as the time that they utilize this drug affects and is affected by puberty. (Sadovsky 1997)"
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Restorative Justice, 2006.
An in-depth look at the history of restorative justice and various related philosophies.
9,152 words (approx. 36.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 306.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at restorative justice, which fundamentally, is a theoretical mechanism devised to apply philosophical notions of what justice in our society is and how it should operate within our justice system. The paper discusses how restorative justice, as a social function, is an indication of how we, as a society, view the concept of justice from the perspective of moral philosophy.
The paper further reviews varying opinions and philosophies of respected thinkers and philosophers.
From the Paper
"These three philosophers make up the core of what has come to be known as "the enlightenment." From Hobbes to Rousseau a definite progression can be seen; Hobbes laid the template for the age's arguments regarding political theory; he used the same tools that Locke would later use, but he employed them far more conservatively and with obvious consideration for the status quo.
Next was Voltaire, who agreed with the social contract model of justice, but from a perspective that lent significant credence to individual cultural beliefs and practices. Essentially, Voltaire seeks to identify some fundamental ethical ground upon which mankind can justify his actions, or at least, relegate them as either right or wrong. This is where he parts ways most severely with Locke. John Locke presents a number of travelers' tales describing many foreign practices--like cannibalism, and infanticide--that would be completely unacceptable in European society, but are deemed utterly moral in other societies. The point of these examples is to illustrate that the differences between intelligent and well-informed cultures regarding morality and justice are so stark, and so incongruous that no general statements regarding human morality can accurately be made."
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Stem Cell Research, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of stem cell research and human cloning.
1,322 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the controversial debate over stem cell research. The paper relates that stem cell research may lead directly to the cures of many diseases, including but not limited to diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson's disease and vision or hearing loss. The paper examines how stem cell research can also have an effect on human cloning. The paper attempts to address what the ethical issues involved are and how those issues can be debated and ultimately solved by society. The writer expresses his/her personal opinion that using stem cell research to cure or fight disease gives a living purpose to those embryos that might otherwise have been discarded.
From the Paper
"Researchers tout the belief that a manipulation of stem cells can be beneficial in curing many diseases as well as helping in creating or developing new life, which could be part of the reason why such research generates such controversy.
"Gregory Pence, in his book Who's Afraid of Human Cloning, states that "a human being created by means of nuclear somatic transfer will develop just as much into an individual as twins do.""
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Right and Wrong under Consequentialist Thinking, 2007.
Questions whether it can sometimes be 'right', under consequentialist thinking, to do the wrong thing.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
When considering a question ethically, one has to come up with the best solution possible. There are several methods of analyzing ethical questions that have been developed over the years. The two primary categories of methods are teleological, or consequentialist, and deontological. This paper considers whether or not it can sometimes be 'right' to do the 'wrong' thing, using consequentialist thinking. The paper uses the example of the question of whether or not it can sometimes be 'right' to reward offenders and punish victims of crimes, perhaps by letting offenders go scot-free, while dismissing the claims of victims for compensation.
Outline:
Introduction
Consequentialist Overview
Application of Consequentialist Thinking
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Although there are numerous positive outcomes with this scenario, to fully analyze the situation as a consequentialist, one must also consider the negative outcomes to see if the positive outweigh the negative. The negative consequences are more in line with traditional thinking when considering such a topic. Rewarding prisoners could possibly give incentive to criminals to commit crimes. Those who feel frustrated with their position in life may be more likely to commit a crime simply to receive the reward of education or job skills, in hopes of bettering their life circumstances."
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"Anatomy of Greed" by Brian Cruver, 2007.
This paper examines the Brian Cruver's book about the Enron scandal, "Anatomy of Greed".
3,778 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 169.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses "Anatomy of Greed", which shows the author's place as an Enron insider and his view of the overall scheme of things in the Enron scandal. The paper explains how Enron was building itself up for years, based on few assets, tricky accounting and a building debt. Higher officials inside Enron were benefiting from this at the cost of employees and others who were depending on stock or employment options that did not exist. The paper reveals that accounting practices that were legal gave Enron the idea that it could hide its dealings. The paper explores how it was fear and greed that led Enron to continue acting unethically until it destroyed the company and many people's lives in the process.
From the Paper
"Chapter One, entitled "Welcome to the Death Star," explains how Cruver started with Enron. It explains how lucky he thought he was to work for such a highly respect and world-renowned company that was a leader in business. Shortly after beginning, Cruver became aware of many things that may not have been common knowledge to those outside of Enron. Some were light-hearted, like the many comparisons of Enron to Star Wars; Enron headquarters was the Death Star (hence the chapter title), Chief Executive Officer Jeff Skilling was Darth Vader, and Ken Lay was the Emperor."
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Morality and the Criminal Justice System, 2007.
This paper explores the moral dimensions of punishment in the United States.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the government has constructed stronger and more maximum security prisons, implemented the Three Strikes and you are Out laws and returned to the acceptance and performance of capital punishment. The paper considers that someone who commits a violent crime deserves to be punished, but asks when it become less about punishment and more about revenge? The paper maintains that it is important to provide punishment and rehabilitation to those who commit crimes, but it is even more important to maintain a sense of moral and ethical confidence. The paper contends that each case needs to be held against moral and ethical barometers to be sure that the criminal justice system does not become as cruel as those they are charged with punishing.
Outline:
Introduction
The Attempt To Fix the Problem
Morality
Politics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Under the pressure of public demand, legislators around the country have scrambled to design solutions to the nation's crime issue. Three strikes you're out, is a law mandating if one is convicted three times for certain violent offenses that person is then sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Super maximum security prisons are prisons that for the most part, keep each inmate locked into solitary confinement 23 hours out of each day. MSNBC has gone into the super-max prisons and interviewed inmates that have been in private lockdown for 10-15 years."
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