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Alzheimer's Disease, 2005.
This paper discusses Alzheimer's disease and dementias, neurological disorders involving problems with memory and thinking, which affect emotional, social and physical functioning.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Alzheimer's and other dementia characterized by gradual deterioration of memory and personality, is not part of the normal aging process and is marked by plaques of B-amyloid protein and tangles in the brain. The author points out that Alzheimer's is more likely to occur during the later years; but, when Alzheimer's disease begins in middle-age, it usually progresses quickly, reaching the last phase within 3-5 years. The paper relates that Alzheimer's disease progresses through a series of five developmental stages characterized progressively by absentmindedness, confusion, severe memory loss, need for full time care and, finally, complete withdrawal emotionally and physically leading to death.
From the Paper
"People with Alzheimer's disease are unable to care for themselves and to communicate their needs. They become very confused when it comes to the most simple activities and often alienate their family members because they accuse them of stealing the possessions that they have misplaced due to their inability to remember where they put them last. Eating becomes a problem because the person may eat multiple meals or forgot to eat entirely. Therefore, their meals need to be supervised. The personality that dominated during earlier life is likely to become more dominant at this time. Therefore, they are capable of having angry outbursts and/or becoming very dependent and clingy to others. Depression is also common in this population. Researchers are still struggling to find out the causes of Alzheimer's disease and there is always the hope that a cure is not far away. There has been some evidence for genetic factors involved in Alzheimer's disease; however, this does not apply to all cases."
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| Essay # 60210 |
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Seniors Driving.
This paper discusses the need to examine the physical and psychological health of drivers over the age of sixty-five to ensure their and other person's safety.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that vision impairment increases with age; therefore, the eyesight of senior citizens over the age of sixty-five should be tested. The author points out that reflexes, range of motion, overall physical health and potential problems from prescription medication must be evaluated. The paper relates that memory loss, disorientation, confusion and ability to react to unexpected situations difficulties also should be tested.
From the Paper
"As many as four million Americans are afflicted with Alzheimer's disease and some of them do not know it (or do not want to admit it). Many refuse to accept the fact that we are getting older, but not being responsible and admitting that it may not be safe to drive a vehicle should not be an option. Testing a person's mental capability would eliminate the possibilities of an absent-minded person at the wheel. Overall, one can see that mental awareness plays a key factor in proving whether senior citizens over the age of sixty-five should be tested in their ability to operate a motor vehicle."
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Caregiving for the Elderly, 2002.
This paper discusses caregiving for the aged and infirm, especially the hospice movement.
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that the time and effort, both physical and emotional, required to provide compassionate, timely and appropriate caregiving to another person can assume mammoth proportions, but the hospice approach has been proven to be an invaluable asset for home-based caregivers. The author points out that hospice refers to a concept of care rather than a physical location. The hospice movement's goal is not cure, with all of its aggressive interventions, but palliation of symptoms to help manage the psychological and social difficulties encountered by terminally ill patients, their caregivers and family. The paper stresses that the burdensome, demanding and stressful caregiving responsibilities require that the caregivers take adequate time for themselves to prevent caregivers from engaging in abusive behaviors toward their patient.
From the Paper
"In fact, by 2025, it has been estimated that there will be over one billion older people worldwide. This extension in life expectancy to well beyond 80 years of age is the result of better public health measures, improvements in living conditions, and advances in medical care. At the same time, there have been some fundamental changes in the American family that have created a wide range of variations, with numerous permutations of step-children, step-parents and step-grandparents being the norm rather than the exception. No longer is the family unit as cohesive as it was, say, in the middle of the 20th century, so the family members who assume caregiving responsibilities for the elderly may not even be directly related to the individual. Studies have shown that the relationships that exist before an individual requires caregiving tends to dictate what type of relationship will continue to exist, but the fact remains although there is universal agreement that full-time caregiving responsibilities are enormously stressful; some people make better caregivers than others."
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Social Service for the Disabled, 2003.
An analysis of the support services available to disabled citizens in Florida and Texas today.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
In 1994, there were more than 29 million Americans aged 21 to 64 with some type of physical disability, meaning that they reported a substantial impairment in a major life activity (seeing, hearing, speaking, walking, climbing stairs lifting, and carrying), according to the Census Bureau's Survey of income and program participation. Currently, half of the 29 million disabled Americans aged 21 to 64 are working. However, the participation rate is lower, around 25 percent, for those who are severely disabled. Altogether, the disabled account for 14 percent of the employed population. The greatest number of the disabled population in America have impairments that are related to hearing, vision, or back problems (Mergenhagen, 1997). The levels of support services provided in the states of Florida and Texas are examined in this study to determine their availability and adequacy, as well as to project future demands for these services. Study includes two valuable appendices.
From the Paper
"Statement of the Problem: In 1994, there were more than 29 million Americans aged 21 to 64 with some type of physical disability, meaning that they reported a substantial impairment in a major life activity (seeing, hearing, speaking, walking, climbing stairs, and lifting and carrying), according to the U.S. Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation. While almost half of the disabled people in America are employed to some extent, the population in the U.S. continues to age and experts caution that the social supports structures currently in place will not be adequate to address the needs of this growing segment of the population."
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Arthritis and the Elderly, 2005.
The paper researches risk factors, as well as treatments, for arthritis and directs future research.
2,118 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses arthritis and how it relates to the elderly individual. The paper discusses risk factors, treatment, why it is a problem, and what needs to be done. It includes citations and scholarly references.
Outline
Introduction
Why This Is an Issue/Problem
Predisposing Risk Factors
Treatment, Solution, Intervention
Review of the Current Literature
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Arthritis is a very debilitating condition. "Arthritis is second only to heart disease as a cause of work disability (Arthritis Foundation 2004)." Arthritis is a systemic joint disease. The "arth" part of the word means "joint"-not muscle, tendon, ligament, or bone. The "itis" part means "inflamed." Thus, true arthritis affects the joints, and the affected joints are inflamed-red, warm, swollen, or tender when squeezed.(Taibi & Bourguignon 2003)"
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"Grumpy Old Men", 2005.
A review of the movie, "Grumpy Old Men," directed by Donald Petrie.
2,173 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a critique of the movie, "Grumpy Old Men," directed by Donald Petrie. The paper takes a look at the main characters in their roles as children, teens, adults, and elders. The paper examines the engagement theory and the continuity theory using the main characters as examples. The role of seniors in America is described through this movie.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of the movie, John and Max are practicing the disengagement theory of life for elders (Hiller pg. 69, 70 textbook). Both are shown as grumpy old hermits. The bait seller Chuck and Ariel practice the activity theory (Hiller pg. 67, 68 textbook). Ariel kind of drags Max and John into the activity theory way of life and makes them remember feeling they had when they were young. This feeling and desire shows their need for intimacy and romantic love (Hiller pg 124, 111 textbook). It is shown by the way John and Max got ready for a date with Ariel. The movie illustrated the fact that desire for love does not go away with age (Hiller pg 124, 111 textbook). It made me think of my first date using dad's aftershave and feeling joy and fear all at one time. I think John and Max showed this first date theme very well in the movie."
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Gerontological Nurse Practitioners, 2003.
This paper examines the role of the gerontological nurse practitioner in today's medical care.
2,505 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that, with the doubling of the number of people age 85 years and older by 2040, the majority of families in the United States, at one time or another, will experience the devastating effects of chronic long-term illness. The author points out that gerontological nurse practitioners (GNP) are part of a growing field of highly trained paramedical personnel who provide clinical services to patients under the supervision of a physician and share with physicians the direct responsibility for patient care. The paper relates that GNP serves in the area of home health nursing, which is an illness-oriented service giving continuous care to the patient, and community health nursing, which is aggregate- focused, emphasizing wellness, health promotion, and primary prevention.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Definitions
Nurse Practitioner
Gerontological
Delineation of the Scope of Practice
Factors Facilitating and Constraining Role Development In Practice
Facilitating Factors
Obstacles
Aspects of Interdisciplinary/Multidisciplinary Collaboration and Consultation
Potential Practice Settings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Webster's (2003) defines gerontology as "the comprehensive study of aging and the problems of the aged." In many developed countries the increase in the relative size of the elderly, and more particularly the very old, population has been perceived as an issue presenting major challenges to governments, service providers, and society as a whole. In addition, the aging process in the individual is associated with declines in the homeostatic mechanisms that bring about adaptive responses to environmental challenges, and all indicators of health status, including service use, show strong associations with age According to Small (1994), as the term is applied specifically to nursing home care, a gerontological nurse practitioner should be prepared by virtue of both education and experience to focus on a particular age group such as older persons (the gerontological nurse practitioner) or, by contrast, on the life span (the family nurse practitioner)."
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Inequality in Housing for Seniors: The Elderly Poor of Minnesota, 2005.
A study of the elderly poor of Minnesota which examines the trends in housing available to seniors. Discusses Section 8 housing and demographics.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 133.95
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Abstract
This study examines the history and national trends of poverty rates for senior citizens and compares them to the statewide levels in Minnesota. Projections of the senior population and income levels are examined to see if they are increasing or decreasing. Poverty can be measured by any of the following: absolute, U.S. government (officially sanctioned level for means tested programs), and relative. This study examines official poverty levels of seniors in comparison to being able to purchase a median-priced home and the availability of the U. S. government's Section 8 subsidized housing programs.
Introduction
Research Question
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Results
Implications
Limitations
Recommendations
Conclusions
Bibliography/References
Appendix
From the Paper
"The history of the current Federal Government's Section 8 housing programs can be traced to the civil rights movements in the early 1960's. The 1968 Housing Act states that everyone no matter race, color, age or religion is entitled to equal housing. This section 8 program gives vouchers to each state in the USA and the Federal Government funds these. Minnesota uses these vouchers to subsidize rent for means tested participants. These rental units can be in multi-family apartments or in single-family stand-alone homes. Property owners that participate in this program agree to meet certain minimum housing standards in exchange for rent and incentives (low rate of interest on mortgage or lower taxes)."
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Social Services for the Elderly, 2005.
A look at the insufficient or lack of social services for the elderly in America.
8,545 words (approx. 34.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 271.95
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Abstract
This report addresses the problem that large portions of the elderly population are not happy with the social services that are available to them, do not know enough about them, or are otherwise blocked by departmental objectives, which have turned a war on poverty to a war on
fraudulent claims, compromising the social service presentation in many areas.
Outline
Definition of Problem/Objectives
Appraisal of Existing Information
Formulation of Hypothesis
From the Paper
"Social epidemiology would not provide a basis for assuming that poverty is the only risk factor to be considered in the targeting of community health programs, for there are other societal circumstances that foster marginalization: from a holistic outlook, then, "Critical perspectives on emerging infections must ask how large-scale social forces come to have their effects on unequally positioned individuals in increasingly
interconnected populations" (Farmer, 1999). These inequalities may be expanded in a definitional manner to include the recognition that other social groups are also party to marginalized status in terms of age and gender, but overall, social epidemiology recognizes that, at least where the non-elderly are concerned, poverty and minority-group status combine to create the primary factor for promotion marginalization, which, in turn, is responsible for less favorable health outcomes in elderly individuals fitting these social and environmental parameters."
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Benefits and Uses of Alpha Lipoic Acid, 2003.
A complete dissertation and original analysis of alpha lipoic acid and its impact on the aging process.
12,078 words (approx. 48.3 pages), 48 sources, MLA, AU$ 351.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in helping the elderly overcome the deleterious effects of the aging process in terms of its impact on cognitive and physical functions, as well as their ability to remain in their own homes as long as possible in an independent living arrangement. The findings of the research are followed by a summary and recommendations in the conclusion.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Physical and Cognitive Problems Associated with the Aging Process Gender and Racial Factors in Aging
Components of a Successful Aging Process
Impact of Aging Process on Caregiver and Family
Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Resolving Age-Related Problems
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Table 1. Summary of Identified Benefits of Current Anti-Dementia Pharmacological Approaches.
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"World-wide figures on aging reveal the increasing size of the global older population (Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001). The elderly, who are generally defined as over the age of 65 years, number approximately 420 million today and will exceed one billion world-wide by the year 2030. In virtually every country in the world, the elderly population is growing faster than the overall population (United Nations, 2000). This phenomenon is occurring in both developed and non-developed countries (Gort, 1988; Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001; United Nations, 2000). In terms of absolute numbers the United States, together with China, the former Soviet Union, and India, will have over half of the world's elderly population in the 21st century (Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001; United Nations, 2000). In fact, by 2025, it has been estimated that there will be over one billion older people worldwide. Social gerontologists and geropsychologists have also identified significant changes in the social contract and how the effects of globalization are increasingly impacting the elderly in America."
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Hospice Care, 2005.
An overview of the history and present concepts hospice care.
1,616 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper delves into what the word 'hospice' means and the history of the program. It looks at the current concept of the program, costs involved, and the statistics relating to hospice care in the health industry. The author of the paper also uses personal examples.
From the Paper
"Hospice care is not just for the patient; it also includes the whole family. Emotional, spiritual, physical, social needs, and practical care are provided following the patient's wishes and family needs (Aupperle, MacPhee, Strozeski, Finn, & Heath, p.430). Hospice provides personalized services and a caring community so that patients and families can attain the necessary preparation for a death that is satisfactory to them. The nature of dying is so unique that the goal of the hospice team is to be sensitive and responsive to the special requirements of each individual and family. Hospice provides continuing contact and support for caregivers for at least a year following the death of a loved one. Most hospices also sponsor bereavement groups and support for anyone in the community who has experienced a death of a family member, a friend, or similar losses".
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Elderly Offenders, 2005.
A look at whether the elderly should be incarcerated.
2,744 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This report addresses and analyzes the controversial issue of whether it is practical to incarcerate elderly offenders. The paper presents both sides of the debate and then presents arguments in support of the position that it is practical to incarcerate elderly offenders.
From the Paper
"Physical activity is definitely a factor that can contribute to positive aging and has been researched methodically and thoroughly, and this can be applied to the correctional institution in terms of programs that are geared for elderly offenders with the perspective of preventing future conditions that may require expensive healthcare options. Many researchers have focused on the mental and physical benefits that activity can bring to the elderly, who may be able to stave off physical deterioration by engaging in an active lifestyle that highlights exercise and fitness. Although some studies have gone so far as to set the minimum time and intensity for physical activity, most agree that in terms of exercise, anything is better than nothing."
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Human Growth Hormone, 2004.
A comprehensive analysis of human growth hormone and its implications for health care providers and consumers.
5,900 words (approx. 23.6 pages), 25 sources, APA, AU$ 211.95
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Abstract
Described as the new 'fountain of youth' and as a potential health hazard that is being increasingly abused, human growth hormone seems to promise to provide a number of far-reaching benefits for the elderly and those who are suffering from various diseases related to the endocrine system. This paper introduces the topic, provides a review and discussion of the relevant literature to determine what the human growth hormone is, how it works, and what the experts are saying about its benefits and drawbacks. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The editors emphasize that the abuse of performance-enhancing drugs is not limited to professional athletes. They cite research by the National Institute on Drug Abuse which indicates that more than 500,000 teenagers (175,000 girls and 325,000 boys used steroids, in the past year alone). According to the Healthy Competition Foundation, one in four teens knows someone who has abused performance-enhancing drugs but only 50 percent of the teens who were surveyed were even aware of one potential side effect of the drugs involved (Bad sports, October 2000, p. 1). Of the various compounds available, Emma Davy says that probably the most popular performance-enhancing drug today is human growth hormone which is banned in most sports."
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Complicated and Uncomplicated Bereavement, 2004.
A discussion of the effects on a survivor, including grief, multiple reactions to loss, ritualistic styles of mourning and social adjustments.
2,555 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the distinguishing types of bereavement: complicated and uncomplicated and the various responses in both cases. A classification of the forms of grief is provided along with an extensive analysis of each form. The mourning process is also dissected into several categories and leads into the presentation of the adjustment to the aftermath. The key points from above highlight how the response to bereavement is a physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioural experience.
From the Paper
"Bereavement is always a painful experience, but some people return to their normal life rapidly, experiencing uncomplicated bereavement, while others never go back to their previous way of life before their loss. Death is a powerful cause of stress; even those going through uncomplicated bereavement are likely to experience many symptoms of anxiety and depression and undergo physiological changes which reduce the body?s ability to fight off disease (Phillips, 1994). Popular options suggest that the progression through bereavement is often steady and orderly, yet people grieve in highly individualized ways. Depending on prior losses and the severity of the current loss, symptoms of anxiety may be most evident and can mix or overshadow symptoms of depression (Rogoff, 1989)."
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Privatizing Social Security, 2002.
A comprehensive examination of the issues involved in maintaining Social Security today and in the future.
5,064 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 192.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the issues surrounding privatizing Social Security in the U.S. to determine what the experts say. The paper includes a discussion of the related issues and a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Introduction
Review of the Literature
A. Background and Overview
B. Changes in American Social Contract Affecting The Elderly Today
C. Plight of the Elderly Poor in America Today
D. Privatizing Social Security Would Help Poor Americans
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"They say that money can?t buy happiness, but it is clear from the research that income levels certainly affect the quality of life for older people in America. Despite the enormous strides made over the last 100 years in developing an unprecedented network of social programs, significant disparities remain in the quality of healthcare and living conditions for the vast majority of elderly Americans. For years policy experts have debated the merits of privatizing Social Security. In the wake of the 2000 presidential election, there is a unique opportunity for politicians to translate this theory into a real working system of individually owned, privately invested accounts. Such a system would be of particular benefit to America?s elderly poor, and with polls indicating a 57 percent approval of privatization, the Bush administration is in an excellent position to push for this legislation."
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