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Intercollegiate Athletics, 2007.
This paper discusses scandals regarding grading due to intercollegiate athletics.
2,726 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the importance of successful athletes to colleges. Further the writer discusses recent grading scandals regarding college athletes. The writer then discusses the VBrick System of studying, which enables students who are also college athletes to attend class from a distance. The writer explains that thanks to technology, this system allows a brick-sized item to be present in the classroom on the student's behalf and the student may access the lesson via the Internet. The writer examines the class performance of athletes at college and also looks at life after sports for such graduates.
From the Paper
"By viewing their classes on the VBrick System, as they call it, the students can attend class via their chosen technological assistance and if they don't understand something, can view the class over and over, for retention. It is called VBrick because the system is brick-sized and sits in the classroom. The remote student has a password to view it over the Internet on demand."
"Athletes may travel to games, and sometimes spend the better part of three weeks on the road. With the VBrick, they can view their classes on the bus, from airports and in their hotel rooms. The system, however, costs between $50,000 and $1 million, depending on how extensively the University uses it."
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Paying College Athletes, 2007.
This paper deals with the issues of paying college athletes.
1,007 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that as the January college football bowl season begins, talk will inevitably resurface about the millions of dollars in appearance fees that universities are paid to play in these games, and how none of that money makes its way to the players. The writer points out that the issue of paying Division I college athletes has been discussed for years, and seems to come to the forefront of national sports and higher education dialogue when big-money games like football bowls are played, or when players are sanctioned for illegally taking money from boosters. The writer maintains that as long as college sports continue to bring in big money, the notion of paying college athletes will persist. The writer concludes that the goal of college athletics should not be to provide modest compensation to athletes for four years - it should be to allow young people to pursue their degrees while playing sports.
Outline:
Athletics are not Cash Cows
Making Scholarships More Meaningful
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the problems with the argument for paying student athletes is that a key tenet of the argument -- that universities make millions off of their athletics programs -- is not universally true. In fact, many schools have growing deficits. Big-time sports schools such as the University of Michigan or Ohio State may make millions from their football teams and basketball teams, but for every Michigan there is a Middle Tennessee State or a Florida International, whose football team posted a record of 0-12 this year. There are many football and basketball teams that do not sell out their arenas or receive lucrative television or radio contracts, and paying their athletes would be a significant burden. Even a small stipend for all athletes would add to these growing financial deficits."
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Principles & Methods of Coaching, 2007.
This paper discusses principles and methods of coaching within the field of physical education.
2,958 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 111.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that there are many principles and theories that guide coaching and program development. The writer maintains that the style of coaching is crucial, although a review of the literature indicates that no one style is preferred over the other. The writer points out that it is up to the coach to develop his own particular style in relation to the sport that he is coaching. Further, the writer notes that training methods including motivation and instruction and team interaction are important as well as the development of the program. The writer concludes that by implementing a thorough understanding of coaching principles, a good coach can make any sport fun where winning is an added plus.
Outline:
Introduction
Coaching Styles
Sport Psychology
Athlete Motivation
The Coach as Teacher
Coaching Efficacy and Program Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are three basic coaching styles that determine the manner in which a coach decides how to teach skills and strategies, how practices and competition methods are organized, how athletes are disciplined, and what roles are given to the players regarding the decision making process. A review of the literature indicates that coaches have a tendency to lean toward one of these three styles: authoritarian, cooperative, or casual. Although there is not one style that is better than the others, a coach must find a balance in the styles that will allow him to be firm when needed while letting the players have fun while at the same time allowing them to have a voice in their training and competition experiences. The weaknesses of each style are discussed in the literature, but there is not one supreme recommendation over the others. Instead, the goal of attaining a balance betweens styles is stressed. By finding a balance in a coaching style, trust is placed in the players, which helps boost their self esteem and motivation. In other words, to gain the most out of the players, coach must be control of himself as well as the players. A good coach will display elements of all thee styles."
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Sports Ethics, 2007.
This paper explores various ethical issues related to sports and entertainment.
3,088 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the widespread use of steroids by high-profile athletes for boosting their performance and discusses whether it is morally acceptable to use performance enhancing drugs in sports. The paper looks at patterns of use of steroids by athletes; are they being used across the board or are certain groups by sex, class or ethnicity more prone to its use? The paper also examines whether it is ethical to use animals for sports and entertainment and discusses the history of cockfighting in the United States.
Outline:
Sports Ethics
Sports History and Performance Enhancing Substance
Pattern of Use
Why is Steroid-use in Sports Considered Unethical?
Is it Ethical to Use Animals in Sports?
The Barbaro Case
Cockfighting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sport is an ancient human activity as cultural relics provide evidence that some form of health-building activities existed in China as long ago as 4000 BC (Qinfa, 2007). A number of sports are also known to have been played in ancient Egypt, and the Greeks of course organized the ancient Olympic Games as far back as 776 AD. With the advent of industrialization in the 19th century and the increased availability of leisure time, sports have become phenomenally popular in most parts of the world. The development of mass media and communication technology such as the radio, television and the Internet in the recent past have further added to the popularity of sports as spectators can now follow the exploits of athletes and star performers from afar."
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Disabilities, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of recreation for people with disabilities.
1,981 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that according to the National Center for Health Statistics, there are 34.1 million non-institutionalized Americans currently living with some form of disability that impairs usual activities. The writer notes that this represents roughly 12 percent of the U.S. population. The writer points out that it is a certainty that any recreation and leisure professional will need to consider how to develop appropriate programming for people with disabilities. The writer relates that recreation and leisure professionals need to overcome challenges because research has shown that active lifestyles are critical to improving quality of life for people with disabilities. Paper is written from personal viewpoint.
From the Paper
"Many of the disabilities that will be exhibited by clients will involve impairment of cognitive, motor, mobility, and/or sensory skills. With cognitive impairment, a client may have a difficult time following instructions or understanding what is occurring during the activity. Something fast-paced may be out of order. With a motor- or mobility-related impairment, clients may have limited coordination or scant ability to move around, which would rule out heavy physical activity. Sensory impairment, such as deafness or blindness, will frequently require modifications to activities. Activities for deaf people may involve significant use of hand signals, while programming for the blind may make use of touch or sound. Golf for the vision impaired, for example, involves the use of sound so players can locate the positioning of the hole."
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Drugs in Sport, 2007.
This paper looks at the serious issue of steroid abuse by athletes.
1,393 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how steroid abuse has become a major problem in sports. The paper explains that performance-enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids and human growth hormone are tempting for athletes whose careers depend on outplaying their competitors. The paper details the sometimes fatal side effects of these drugs and shows how they harm the integrity of all sports. The paper maintains that performance-enhancing drugs should, therefore, be barred from all sports.
From the Paper
"Steroid abuse has become a major problem in sports. The deaths of athletes like Eduardo Gory Guerrero have drawn attention to the real physical dangers of performance-enhancing drugs. Baseball players like Mark McGuire and Jason Giambi have made performance-enhancing drugs seem as common as Gatorade in their sport. According to CBS News, three NFL professional football players with the Carolina Panthers Jeff Mitchell, Todd Sauerbaun, and former Panther Todd Stuessie filled steroids prescriptions before they played in the 2004 Super Bowl. Proliferation of performance-enhancing drugs is problematic, causing increasing numbers of athletes to resort to drugs in order to remain competitive."
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Parks and Recreation, 2007.
This paper discusses the operation of parks and recreation centers, focusing on funding issues.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses various types of funding that are crucial to operating recreation and leisure agencies. The first section of this work is a reflection on fund raising requirements for children participating in extracurricular activities. Secondly, this essay discusses a leisure agency and describes the income courses of the agency. A revenue structure graph is included with the details behind the funding sources.
Outline:
Objective
Fund raising - Reflection on Requirements of Fundraising for Participation
Oregon State Park and Recreation Master Plan
From the Paper
"Fundraising has traditionally been a part of children's participation in extracurricular activities such as youth sports. In fact, there has never been a question of whether fundraising would take place or not as it is simply a given or assumed as part of the youth sports participation process. Fundraising may be in the form of selling candy bars, calendars, or raffle tickets. Fundraising may also take the form of bake sales, marathon runs with sponsors and even sponsored bike rides with the sponsor paying the participant per mile that recorded covered on the bicycle during the ride. Fundraising is an inherent part of youth sports and other extracurricular activities and has been for a very long time. Fundraising takes place for reasons that are clearly good reasons. First, participation in extracurricular activities or youth sports requires that each child have a uniform, shoes, safety-gear, and other various items that are required for same and healthy participation in the youth sport or activity. Many children come from families that have several more children who also participate in youth sports or extracurricular activities."
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Gymnastics: Injury & Prevention, 2007.
A look at gymnastics, the possible injuries as a result of gymnastic training and how to prevent these injuries from happening.
889 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the sport of gymnastics. According to the paper, younger gymnastic athletes are particularly vulnerable to injuries because of the great physical, stamina, and balance-related demands. The paper goes on to discuss the various possible causes of gymnastic related injuries.
From the Paper
"Exercises using the plyometric strategy are very useful for gymnasts; plyometric exercises are the "rapid deceleration and acceleration of muscles" that in turn help create a stretch-shortening cycle," according to www.specialolympics.org. These kinds of exercises train the muscles, and train the nervous system to carry out in an effective way the stretch-shortening cycle, which can improve the performance of a gymnast. Drills using plyometrics also help the athlete develop "rhythm, speed, power and even muscular endurance," the Special Olympics site explains. All plyometric exercises must be carried out on a flat soft surface, and for example, doing the "Exploding Harvards" plyometric exercise builds stamina and muscle strength by doing 10 jumps on each leg."
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Sports Massage, 2007.
This paper explores massage therapy for athletic performance.
2,196 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that massage therapy is the scientific manipulation of the soft tissues of the body, aimed at normalizing these tissues. The paper looks at the origin of modern, scientific massage therapy and the many benefits derived. The paper discusses the mechanics of sports massage, its three forms and its actual application. The paper examines aspects of an excellent sports or athletic performance and concludes that massage therapy enhances optimal athletic performance.
Outline:
Massage Therapy and its Beginnings
Benefits
Sports Massage
Mechanics
Origin, Three Forms
Applications
Spa Treatments
Aspects of Excellent Athletic Performance
From the Paper
"Massage therapy is the scientific manipulation of the soft tissues of the body, aimed at normalizing these tissues (Greene). It consists of manual techniques of applying fixed or movable pressure, holding or causing body movement. It is one of the oldest health care practices, dating back to more than 4,000 years as evidenced by Chinese medical records. .Western health care records, at least since the time of Hippocrates in the fourth century, referred to it. Hippocrates is the Father of Medicine. The origin of modern, scientific massage therapy is traced to Per Henrik Ling, a Swede, in the 18th century."
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Strategic Issues of Nike, 2007.
This paper studies Nike as the current leader in the sport footwear industry.
833 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the past few years, competition among companies that manufacture and sell athletic apparel and athletic shoes has dramatically increased. The writer points out that, as a result, a company's competitive strategies have emerged as key factors in determining the long-term success or ultimate failure of such organizations. The writer explains that an analysis of Nike's strategic issues and recommendations provides a clearer picture of what types of competitive strategies are essential for any company to survive in today's highly-competitive economy. This paper critically examines the current competitive strategies of Nike and compares these actual competitive advantages to what is required for success. It concludes by analyzing the company's abundant environmental opportunities and significant internal strengths.
Outline:
Introduction
Competitive Strategies of Nike
Ideal Strategies vs Nike's Strategies
From the Paper
"Nike has been a long-time competitor in the athletic apparel and shoe industry, and faces competition from shoe manufacturers worldwide. Over the years, the demand for different athletic shoes based on age, maturity and cultural standards changed, and Nike has been able to adapt to fit the consumer demands. For example, in the U.S., Nike's Air Jordan basketball shoes were considered for their performance characteristics, their association with a popular U.S. sport, and the endorsement from the pre-eminent star of that sport. However, in Europe, although awareness of basketball exists, the identification and technical aspects of the shoe are lost. As a result, the Air Jordan shoe, as well as other shoes associated with or promoted by popular American athletes, became popular in Europe because overseas Europeans desire products with a Western culture association and like fashion with trend associations. Since other athletic shoe companies are designing performance athletic shoes with a fashion twist, Nike has to deal with these new competitors."
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Volleyball, 2007.
This paper discusses volleyball as a sport for women.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that volleyball is among the first team games which were taught to college women in the 1890s. The paper discusses how team sports for women were controversial, but as women continued to work for political freedom, they began to challenge gender restrictions in competitive sporting opportunities. The paper describes volleyball as a sport that plays on teamwork, movement, hand-eye coordination and endurance. The paper explains the motions of volleyball according to the theories of Sir Isaac Newton.
From the Paper
"Women's volleyball was not always played in today's aggressive manner. In 1895, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), William Morgan, decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game that would demand less physical contact than basketball. The YMCA took this new game around the globe and introduced this uniquely American sport to the world as volleyball. (Oglesby et al. 291)"
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Stretching, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts the static and dynamic forms of fitness stretching.
1,184 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at fitness stretching, which enhances flexibility. The paper discusses the differences between the static or dynamic forms of stretching. The paper also shows how these forms of stretching have pros and cons in different scenarios and for athletes with different levels of fitness.
From the Paper
"A good contrast between the two types of stretches might be seen in a runner preparing for a hard workout or a race. A runner engaged in dynamic stretching might do some chest-to-knee running, or exaggerated skipping, while a runner engaged in static stretching might lean up against a wall in a lunge, to stretch his quadriceps muscles and hamstrings. Dynamic also means motion, thus dynamic stretching may include arm swings, knee rotations, and neck circles, while static stretching is traditionally not performed with much of a range of motion, and certainly not fast motions (Campbell, 2007). Players in sports requiring pinpoint reflexes and reactions, like basketball players and soccer players, are often devout exponents of dynamic stretching."
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Soccer in the Land of Football, 2007.
This paper discusses the impact of Hispanic immigration on American culture and pastimes.
3,068 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that soccer is a game with a long history in Europe and Latin America and notes that it was never especially popular in the United States. The writer then looks at the effects of Hispanic immigration on parts of American culture, such as sport. The writer points out that the entrepreneurial spirit that characterized America was not so ingrained in Latin America where traditional pastimes focused more on the actual skills required by a job than on any potential for earning a fantastic income through commerce and consumerism. The writer notes that while soccer has now exploded in America as that country seeks to tap the global market, these new Hispanic-Americans play soccer, not because it brings them closer to the dominant majority, but because it brings them closer to each other, and to home. The writer concludes that the pervasiveness of soccer among Hispanic immigrants may make soccer more visible to other Americans, but it does not necessarily make it more popular.
Outline:
Introduction
Peoples and Pastimes
American Football - An American Pastime
A Hispanic Influx, A Hispanic Game
Conclusion
From the Paper
"American football, like its international cousin, soccer, constitutes a sport with mass appeal. One can play it or watch it. It is perfectly suited to a culture of television, Internet, and instantaneous mass communication. Yet, as the dichotomy of football and soccer shows, neither sport necessarily precludes the other. To all appearances, one people, or group of peoples, simply chose one over the other, or expanded on its own version of the same idea. South of the border, soccer is one of the national passions. Mexicans and other Hispanic migrants bring their love of soccer wherever they go. As millions have come to the United States, so have their language and customs, their festivals and crafts... and their games. The growing popularity of soccer in the United States is a direct reflection of the enormous Hispanic immigration of recent years. Culture is made by people, elite or ordinary. Popular culture is created by the masses. As the American population changes, so do its pastimes. The widespread presence of soccer in the United States is a sure sign that Hispanics have arrived and come to stay."
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"Dual in the Sun", 2007.
An analysis of the Boston Marathon of 1982, as discussed in "Dual in the Sun," by John Brant.
3,147 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the article, "Dual in the Sun," by John Brant, which is an in-depth background piece about the Boston Marathon in 1982. The paper focuses on the portion of the article which deals with the lives of the two principle stars that were co-protagonists in the race, Alberto Salazar and Dick Beardsley. The paper also focuses on many aspects of the Ronald Reagan era, in order to give us a better understanding of the period of the marathon.
Table of Contents:
The Ronald Reagan Era: Popular American Culture
The Ronald Reagan Era: Economics and Getting Tough
The Ronald Reagan Era: Nike
The Ronald Reagan Era: Sports Popularity and Drug Usage
The Ronald Reagan Era: American Design & Fashion
Drugs and Society - Beardsley's Problem
From the Paper
"And while nearly 23% of college students are abusers of alcohol and prescription drugs, only 8.5% of the general public (people 12 years of age and older) is dependent on alcohol and/or prescription drugs. The painkillers most popular with students, according to the USA Today piece, are Percocet (which is one of the pills Beardsley was hooked on prior to his rehabilitation), Vicodin and OxyContin. In 1993, about 1 percent of students were using those prescription drugs; but in 2005 that rose to 3.1 percent of students, the article points out."
"The "binge drinking" problem on campuses, while still a serious issue, has not grown in percentages, the article concludes; about 40% of students in 1993 admitted to binge drinking "at least occasionally"; and in 2005, the same percentage admitted to binge drinking, which is described as "having five drinks for male students" and for females, four drinks, at "one drinking occasion" during the previous two weeks."
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Recreation and Leisure Service Agency, 2007.
A review of the recreation and leisure service agency.
896 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the recreation and leisure service agency, focusing primarily on local Park and Recreation Services throughout the United States, namely the YMCA. According to the paper, the YMCA is comprised of 2,617 non-profit community service organizations in the United States.
Outline:
Introduction
Organizational Structure
National Board
Regions/Chapters/States
YMCA - Collaboration with Other Organizations in Community
Other Services Provided by YMCA
YMCA Economic Model
From the Paper
"AYP is stated to be the professional society for YMCA staff members in the Unites States. The Operating Principles of the AYP are stated to be those as follows (1) Connects and Supports AYP members; (2) Encourages Life Long Learning; (3) Enhances Personal and Career Development; (4) Advocates on Issues of Concern to AYP Members; (5) Promotes High Ethical Standards and Christian Values; and (6) Recognizes Individual Achievement and Excellence." (AYP, 2007)"
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