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Sports Economics, 2005.
A discussion on promotion and relegation in sports economics.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how sports economics has quickly become a valid field of study and discussion as sports teams and leagues the world over have begun earning in the billions, be it in dollars or pounds. It looks at how through paying attendees, paid commercial advertising, and the marketing of paraphernalia for spectators and fanatics, sports is a serious business.
From the Paper
"Sports economics has quickly become a valid field of study and discussion, as sports teams and leagues the world over have begun earning in the billions, be it in dollars or pounds. Through paying attendees, paid commercial advertising, and the marketing of paraphernalia for spectators and fanatics, sports is a serious business. This being said, the manner in which professional sports teams go about distributing their wealth and organizing their respective teams is quite different between North America and Europe. American sports leagues tend to be organized in a closed manner, with a fixed set of teams competing each and every season. Yet, European football (soccer) leagues function in a system of promotion and relegation. If a team is successful, it is promoted to a higher, more profitable and successful league. But if a team is not successful, it is relegated down to a lesser league. "
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Soccer in Brazil: A Book Report, 2005.
A review of the Alex Bellos' book, 'Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life'.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the book 'Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life' by Alex Bellos. According to the paper, this book examines the influence that the game of soccer has had on the life and culture of Brazilians.
From the Paper
"Soccer is arguably the most popular sport in the world, certainly so within the Western world. In Brazil, specifically, the popularity and cult devotion to the sport surge to levels unseen in much of the rest of the world. Alex Bellos charts this popularity and the ways in which soccer infuses Brazilian culture with its essence in the book Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life. In this text, which synthesizes information from a variety of sources, Bellos examines the influence of soccer in Brazil from personal, psychological, sociological, anthropological, and historical perspectives. The result is a surprisingly readable book that treats soccer in Brazil with the same kind of awe and respect that the Brazilians themselves have for the influence of the sport in their daily lives. Bellos begins this study by first making the point that for the whole of the nation of Brazil, soccer is considered to be an art form (1)."
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Sports Attendance, 2005.
A discussion regarding the factors affecting attendance demand at professional team sport events.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses sports attendance and the factors that affect the attendance demand. The parer further discusses some of the economic realities of society, noting that the ranking of the team is most important, and also noting the fact that teams are supported first by fans in the city where the team is based, more so when the team is wining and more when the team is playing a rival team.
From the Paper
"The attendance demand at professional team sport events is driven by several factors, some inherent in the sport itself and some in the economic realities of the society at the time. One might believe that there is a one-to-one relationship between high attendance and the state of the economy, for instance, though this is not the case. Indeed, sporting events and other relatively inexpensive entertainment such as movies tend to do well during times of relative economic hardship, suggesting that something other than the availability of spendable cash drives such consumer decisions. One element that helps determine the attendance demand at sorting events is the ranking of the team. Teams are supported first by fans in the city where the team is based, and yet the audience is somewhat fickle. If the team is doing well, more people are on hand to cheer it to further victory. "
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Sociology of Sport, 2005.
Examines reasons for studying sports as a social phenomena.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
The sociology of sport is a sub-division of sociology that studies sport as an aspect of cultural and social life. The paper shows that it may at first seem frivolous to study the sociology of sport, because sport in general may not be seen as a suitable topic for academia. However, it is argued that sport is an extremely important part of our cultural and social life, and that there are many good reasons for studying the sociology of sport.
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Japanese and American Players, 2005.
Examines the problem of finding common ground with regards to Japanese players in American baseball leagues and vice versa.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Americans playing for Japanese leagues, and Japanese playing for American leagues. Through the years there has been a great deal of cultural tension, yet, through baseball these tensions are beginning to change. The paper shows that Japanese players in the American baseball leagues are making a significant cultural impact. Americans playing in Japan are affecting the culture as well.
From the Paper
"Research indicates that in 1934 Babe Ruth led a group of professional American players to tour Japan. During that visit the Japanese were so impressed by the players, and the game, that they began to form their own leagues within a few years. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese baseball was not considered seriously by professional athletes. Furthermore, there were no suggestions that Americans play for Japanese teams. Yet, as time progressed, and tensions eased between the two countries, some American players began to consider that the Japanese leagues might be where they belonged in the sport. It was also true that American managers decided to take a chance at working in the realm of Japanese baseball. And, as the world has begun to change, Japanese players have been enticed to attempt to play in the American baseball leagues."
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"The Black Sox Trial", 2005.
An overview of this 1921 trial in American judicial history.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Black Sox trial of 1921 and the fall-out emerging from it. The paper shows that not least of all, the trial underscored the gambling problem afflicting America as well as the larger social and labor issues that were plaguing American society at that time. The paper suggests that the scandal complicated baseball's image and turned George Herman Ruth into a savior.
From the Paper
"The 1921 Black Sox trial gripped America in a way that very few events directly related to sports ever have. This paper examines the trial and, more importantly, it places the trial of 1921 within the larger context of American life and history. Particularly, this paper notes how the 1921 trial occurred in an age where concerns about the treatment of American workers was sparking debate about how best to address the situation. Moreover, the spirit of progressivism still animated America in the early decades of the twentieth century. This spirit, one might even call it a missionary, reformist zeal, was strengthened further by events such as the Black Sox trial of 1921. Beyond that, the trial had serious repercussions for baseball. Not least of all, it shot Kenesaw Mountain Landis into prominence and turned Babe Ruth into a savior."
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The Sports Business, 2005.
This paper examines the roles of a sports agent and an athlete.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper takes a look at the relationship between a sports agent and an athlete, more specifically a college athlete. The paper studies the role of the agent in order to educate the athlete as to who an agent is and what exactly an agent does. The paper's discusses an agent's education, duties, salary, expectations, etc. are, as are the expectations and duties of the athlete, as well.
From the Paper
"In Cameron Crowe's seminal movie on the business of sports, Jerry Maguire, Tom Cruise's title character has a revelation regarding his job as a sports agent. Cruise recalls a mentor of his making the statement, "The key to this job is personal relationships" ("Jerry Maguire Script" 1). Adding to this idea, Cruise realizes that in these relationships with the athletes he represents, he needs to focus on "caring for them, caring for ourselves, and on the games, too" ("Jerry Maguire Script" 1). While the "real" world of sports agents is not so altruistic and caring all of the time, but rather a very cutthroat environment in which billions of dollars are at stake, these principles are crucial to being a sports agent, as an agent represents individual athletes and makes sure that their best interests are met."
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Asian Martial Arts, 2005.
This paper looks at martial arts with their philosophical and cultural Asian origins.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses today's martial arts. The writer looks at this form of unarmed combat that is associated with Asian culture, philosophy and mysticism. The writer points out that it may be argued that in their incarnation in contemporary North America as sport, these martial arts have lost the underlying philosophical and cultural roots that gave them their fundamental identity.
From the Paper
"When one speaks of martial arts today one conceives of unarmed combat in a context pervaded by Asian culture, philosophy and mysticism. Despite different countries of origin - whether it be China (kung-fu), Japan (akido, judo, karate) or Korea (tae kwon do) - these martial arts have all been closely associated with the rich Asian philosophical and cultural traditions that gave them birth."
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Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League, 2005.
This paper discusses and a study titled "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" by Eric Pick.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a study by Eric Pick called "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" that attempts to develop and apply an econometric model to the issue. The study is based on a model that is limited, so the most that could emerge from it is a potentially useful formula to be applied on a broader scale than the two team universe addressed by the author and that may or may not be applicable to a variety of different types of sports leagues.
From the Paper
"The study by Eric Pick entitled "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" is an attempt to develop and apply an econometric model to the subject at hand. The study is based on a model that is limited, so the most that could emerge from it is a potentially useful formula to be applied on a broader scale than the two team universe addressed by the author and that may or may not be applicable to a variety of different types of sports leagues. The same basic issues do apply to different types of sports leagues, and efforts to apply a salary cap have been part of major sports leagues for some time. In 1994, a threatened basketball strike led to an agreement that involved salary caps, among other provisions. In that case, as an end to the players' union was threatened, the players... "
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Sports Medicine in the 21st Century, 2005.
This paper offers a career analysis of sports medicine in the 21st century.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This five page undergraduate paper examines sports medicine, which has been an increasingly popular field of study in recent years due to the major role that sports plays in American culture. The writer discusses that millions of people are drawn to the drama and intensely competitive nature of sports, and tens of thousands of them choose to combine their interest in sports with their interests in health and medicine by pursuing careers in sports medicine.
From the Paper
"Sports medicine has been an increasingly popular field of study in recent years, due to the major role that sports play in American culture. Millions of people are drawn to the drama and intensely competitive nature of sports, and tens of thousands of them choose to combine their interest in sports with their interests in health and medicine by pursuing careers in sports medicine. Sports medicine as a profession can be expected to keep expanding in the foreseeable future, so job prospects and opportunities are bright for graduates with degrees in sports medicine."
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Athletes in Advertising, 2005.
This paper explores the relationship between Michael Jordan and Nike in Nike's advertising campaign of the late 1980s and 1990s.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the image of Michael Jordan as an African-American was used to sell Nike apparel and how a particular lifestyle was used to promote Nike products. The author points out that will 'rebelliousness' may have been at the heart of Jordan advertising blitz, at least in the early years of the campaign; however, what Nike was really after was a consumer base that would indiscriminately purchase Nike items. The paper concludes that the relationship of Michael Jordan with Nike was one of the most successful partnerships in the history of sports marketing.
From the Paper
"This paper explores the relationship between Michael Jordan and Nike. Along the way, this paper looks at how the image of Michael Jordan as an African-American was used to sell Nike apparel and also at how a particular lifestyle was used to promote Nike products. Additionally, this paper focuses briefly on some of the racial dynamics at play in the classic Nike ads featuring Jordan as well as upon how Nike used the concept of 'rebellion' to sell the Jordan line - even if consumer rebellion was hardly what they had in mind. In conclusion, this paper should reinforce yet again how the metaphors found in any commercial reveal deeper truths about a society's yearnings and attitudes. The relationship of Michael Jordan with Nike was one of the most successful partnerships in the history of sports marketing."
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Media and Society, 2005.
This paper examines an Olympic media event in which two athletes expressed their racial anger.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a memorable Olympic media event in which two American track and field athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, took advantage of global media coverage of their medal awards ceremony to make a dramatic political statement. The author rpoints out that this famous media event from the 1968 Olympic Games is an example of human reaction to the emergence and social construction of culture. The paper relates that, in this ritual of defiance and sorrow, Tommie Smith and John Carlos reflected their basic ethics and values because they were angered by their country economic and political systems in which economic relations were governed by the dominance of an elite class.
From the Paper
"In "The Media and Popular Culture", the author describes a memorable Olympic media event in which two American track and field athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, took advantage of global media coverage of their medal awards ceremony to make a dramatic political statement. As millions of people around the world watched, they raised their black-gloved fists and bowed their heads as the Star Spangled Banner was played. (Edles) Obviously, Tommie Smith and John Carlos considered themselves symbolic actors on a global stage, for their presence representing their country as African American athletes, combined with their raised fists and bowed heads, offered the world beyond Mexico City a symbolic protest against racism in the United States."
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Steroid Use, 2005.
This paper discusses the dangers and misconceptions of anabolic steroid use.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that steroids are a controlled substance, which can both help and harm the user. The author examines the current issue of anabolic steroid use among individuals seeking to use them as performance enhancers to improve athletic performance and physical appearance. The paper relates the history of steroid use, its prevalence among professional athlete, and the potential hazards to one's health.
From the Paper
"Steroids are controlled substances. For that reason, there is a great potential danger in their use. It is quite common for individuals to become addicted to steroids and even suffer some serious side effects. Unfortunately, steroids have gained some notoriety in recent years because professional athletes use steroids to improve their performances and effectively cheat. Obviously, steroids should be banned from professional sports and the players strictly screened for possible use. However, steroids can have benefits and should be available to the general public, though in a controlled fashion."
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Bill Russell's "Russell Rules", 2005.
This paper reviews "Russell Rules" by Bill Russell (2001) about leadership.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Bill Russell was a sports figure who offers his eleven lessons on leadership based on his time as a basketball player. The author points out that, in "Russell Rules", Russel adapted sport leadership to other arenas such as business and politics. The paper relates how Russell's ideas are in keeping with the ideas of other business leaders who have written advice books for future leaders.
From the Paper
"Bill Russell is a sports figure who sets forth eleven lessons on leadership. Clearly, these lessons were developed in a sporting context and can be applied to team efforts, suggesting ways of being a leader and of empowering others to do their best. These lessons are applicable in many other contexts, of course, including business, political situations, and similar areas where leadership is needed and where the individual can follow these rules to achieve his or her best. The leadership lessons Russell offers are comparable to those offered by other business leaders who similarly want to empower others to achieve the most they can achieve. Russell's approach shows clearly that there is a link between all forms of leadership and efforts at achieving personal excellence so that business leaders and sports leaders can learn from and teach one another lessons that apply in both realms and that lead to success."
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Co-ed Competitive Athletics, 2005.
This paper argues against young women competing against young men in the athletic sphere.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in recent years, the strident demands of feminists that girls be allowed to play with the boys has sparked considerable debate. The author argues that such a development will lead to wide-spread injury and is unnecessary because Title IX already provides women with access to athletic facilities and with access to athletic scholarships. The paper suggests that what is really being pursued by feminist advocates in a matter of this sort is an entry by young women into male athletics while the same opportunity, especially for social and political reasons, is not similarly extended to young men.
From the Paper
"In our present day and age, it is fashionable to talk about the 'inequalities' that women face in contemporary society. Although much of this can be dismissed as dishonest rhetoric, there is, nonetheless, a genuine sentiment amongst many women that men are keeping them from their 'full' potential as human beings. While many areas can be explored when discussing the on-going battle between the sexes, this paper will explore but one of them - namely, high school athletics. Specifically, this paper will argue that having girls compete against boys in high-school athletics is not only unfair, it is dangerous to the young women participating in such activities."
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Neuromuscular Training Program, 2006.
A look at the effect of a neuromuscular training program on the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears and other injuries in young female soccer players.
4,048 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of a neuromuscular training program that is designed to decrease the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in adolescent female soccer players, as well as lower body injuries in general. It looks at how a neuromuscular training program consists of exercises that aim to improve the balance between the muscles of the body such as the hamstring and quadriceps muscle as well as improve techniques in cutting and landing which place an athlete at high risk for injury in a game situation.
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Abstract
Method
Hypothesized Results
From the Paper
"Female Participation in recreational and competitive sports has increased over the last twenty years and along with this, there has also been an increase in the number of women sustaining knee injuries including tears to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Female athletes who participate in sports such as soccer and basketball which involve quick directional changes while running as in pivoting and jumping show a four to six times higher incidence of knee injury over their male counterparts involved in the same sports (Hewett, 2000). Julie Agel and her colleagues (2005) found that despite the mechanism of injury, the rate of ACL injury was higher for female athletes at the collegiate level than male collegiate athletes. In this study, it was also found that more female athletes sustain ACL injuries that occurred through non-contact mechanisms. "
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