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Bullfighting in Mexico, 2004.
An overview of the origins and sport of bullfighting in Mexico.
912 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how bullfighting was introduced to the Mexican culture by the Spanish during the 1500s and how it has not only become a national symbol of Mexican society, but has come to reflect the social structure of the country as well, in terms of the seating and program structure.
From the Paper
"The bullfight is divided into three stages called tercios, each of which are separated by horn signals. During the first stage, the bullfighter uses a large purple and yellow cape to display the bull to the crowd and to asses its strength, then the picadores enter and lance the back of the bull with steel tipped long pikes that penetrate the bull some four inches to test its strength and to weaken it. During the next stage, called La Suerte de Banderillas, three banderilleros attempt to stick a pair of darts into the attacking bull's back in order to further weaken it. During the final stage, the matador enters the ring and leads the bull around the ring with a small red cape, all the while dodging and taunting the bull to show the spectators his power and courage."
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Crisis Management, 2004.
An analysis of communication strategies used in crisis management.
2,084 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of crisis management in sports marketing operations. The paper describes how sports organizations can use communications strategies to combat the negative effects of a crisis situation. The paper contends that, by using effective crisis management models, sports organizations are better prepared to identify 'spot fires,' which will enable marketers to extinguish the flames before they damage the organization's reputation.
From the Paper
"One of the most important aspects of crisis management is the development and implementation of a theoretical and effective media relations campaign (O'Bierne and Ries, 2002). The media plays a key role in an organization's attempt to send key messages to the publics. On the flip side, it can also send negative and damaging messages, particularly when there is a crisis or scandal involved. The media's ability to jump on a story as soon as it happens has forced sports organizations to develop crisis strategies that can be launched just as quickly as the media can report the news (Fink, 1986)."
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Gold's Gym, 2004.
A case study of one of the global leaders in the fitness industry, Gold's Gym.
1,779 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an industry profile of Gold's Gym. The paper examines the company from four perspectives: the fitness industry's historical development, Gold's competitive structure, a general environment analysis, and the global nature of the fitness industry. The paper explores the Gold's Gym franchising policy.
From the Paper
"In almost every nation of the world, fitness takes on a local feel in the sense that what has driven the specific nation in regard to health and fitness, survival and sport will inherently dictate what the fitness industry represents. In other words, in the Asian nations, martial arts may dictate the types of fitness organizations that will be successful and in the Middle East and Europe, group sports such as soccer may dictate the type of fitness program that excels. Obviously each region will have some factors that push one type of exercise over another. The United States is a major influence as well as the nation's wealth provides excess capitol for individuals to have the free time and money to seek exercise as a leisure activity. "As we enter the 21st century, one of the greatest accomplishments to be celebrated is the continuous pursuit of fitness since the beginning of man's existence. Throughout prehistoric time, man's quest for fitness has been driven by a desire to survive through hunting and gathering. Today, though no longer driven by subsistence requirements, fitness remains paramount to health and well-being."
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Sport Confidence and Perceived Ability, 2004.
This paper examines many theories to determine the relationship of sport confidence and perceived ability to improved sport performance.
2,965 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whether considered a negative or positive value, sport confidence and perceived ability do lead to improved performance. The author points out that observational learning, which contributes to acquiring the sport skills needed, as well as to developing sport confidence and to determining an athlete's perceived ability, according to Bandura, includes attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation. The paper relates that one aspect virtually all the researchers seemed to have accepted a priori was that the sport experience is correlated with skill, but that, from a scientific standpoint, skill defined as "individual ability and performance" affects self-confidence and self-efficacy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Sport Confidence and Perceived Ability
Similarities
Differences
Relationships with Other Theories
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Further, two of three principles involved in social learning apply particularly well to the sport model. First, individuals will be more likely to adopt a behavior being modeled if they value the results adopting that behavior will produce. Second, they are more likely to adopt the behavior if the model is either similar to or admired by the individual and the behavior has functional value to the individual. This model seems to be more inclusive, and thus more universally applicable, than many other models."
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Physical Education, 2005.
A look at the need for physical education courses in school.
2,757 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the statistics on the state of children's health that have been released by government organizations, such as the Center for Disease Control, and professional publications, such as the "Journal of Pediatrics," in an effort to demonstrate the need for intensive physical activity programs in schools.
From the Paper
"The importance of a good education cannot be underestimated. Children spend their most formative years attending school full time, and it is vital that the education and experiences received there are sufficient for preparing students for the complete range of life situations that lie ahead of them. Schools focus on the development of academic skills in traditional subjects such as language, mathematics, and the sciences. In fact, schools depend on the achievement of their students in these subjects for funding and federal support due to such campaigns as President Bush's "No Child Left Behind" program, which bases the rating and therefore financial need of a school on its standardized test scores. Yet an important aspect of childhood development and preparation for their future has also been a part of traditional school curriculum. Physical Education is an essential part of the well-balanced class schedule for school children and is a needed part of overall education. The infamous Gym Class has received its share of both deserved and undeserved criticism and the rift between those who are enthusiastic about their physical education and those who despise the class is one of the defining social separations throughout the school years."
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Jeremy Bloom and NCAA, 2005.
A discussion of the case of Jeremy Bloom, dealing with paid endorsements and college sports.
5,475 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 160.95
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Abstract
Jeremy Bloom, a football player at the University of Colorado, was ruled ineligible to play for the team because he had accepted paid endorsements for professional skiing. The NCAA was the one that made the ruling, and they determined that anyone who is paid for endorsements is not allowed to play in college sports. This paper explains that there is some discussion and dissent as to whether this should be the ruling in cases like Bloom's, since the sport that he received paid endorsements for was distinctly and clearly separate from the sport that he played at the University of Colorado. It shows that there has been much discussion into this issue because there are those that are very serious about whether this ruling was accurate, and there are two sides to the argument, both of which are dealt with in this research.
Outline
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Problem
Review of Related Literature
Discussion of Source Materials
Body of the Report
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Naturally, this is very important to Jeremy Bloom but there are bigger considerations as well. The ruling that the NCAA has regarding this type of paid endorsement and all of the other rulings that the NCAA has regarding college athletes affect not only Bloom but thousands of individuals that attend college across the United States and play sports as well. Most of these individuals are not affected by this particular ruling because they are not competent in another sport to the point where they are being offered endorsement money for professional things."
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"Sunday Coming", 2004.
A review of the book, "Sunday Coming: Black Baseball in Virginia", written
by Darrell J. Howard.
1,454 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses black baseball players of times gone by through a review of Darrell J. Howard's book, "Sunday Coming: Black Baseball in Virginia". The paper presents stories about players who played for love of the game and pride in their communities. The paper explains that these games were played during the period of Jim Crow segregation when black people were forced to avoid using public bathrooms, public drinking fountains, and clearly, the fun of the game lifted spirits up for black folks during a time of rampant racism and prejudice in Virginia and elsewhere in America.
From the Paper
"Moreover, in an era today when ballplayers make millions of dollars per year to play the traditional game of baseball, and fans read about the drugs being used by some players - and a one-time great player named Ken Caminiti who admitted to using cocaine and steroids, died in October, 2004 at the age of 41 from his abuses - reading Sunday Coming is a joy and a throwback to an era of innocence. And in this modern era when fans pay up to $50 a ticket, and even much more, to watch the millionaires play the game of baseball, it is refreshing to read Sunday Coming. That is because Sunday Coming is about a period of time not so long ago in America when men played "for the sport and competition, without the expensive promotion, sponsorship, gratuitous pay and reward" (4)."
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Jack Dempsey, 2005.
A look at the boxing career of American prize fighter Jack Dempsey.
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the boxing career of Jack Dempsey and takes a look at the political, cultural, and social atmosphere of his time that contributed to his great popularity.
From the Paper
"It is impossible to write about the 1920s with coming to grips with those factors that caused the 20s to roar, to be called the Jazz Age, and to give rise to the expatriates living in Paris who would become known as the Lost Generation. Perhaps prime among those was the First World War, known as the Great War at the time (Firstworldwar.com Web site). It was the first war in which virtually all the 'civilized' nations participated, and it produced enormous numbers of casualties. The United States lost 58,480 and another 189,955 were wounded. France lost 1,359,000, with 4,200,000 wounded. Even New Zealand was involved, losing 16,130, with another 40,750 wounded. The wounds, as well, were more grievous than in previous wars; this was the first war that used aircraft, the first with the rudiments of truly horrific war-fighting machinery, the first with mustard gas (Firstworldwar.com Web site). Adding to the horror, the figures represent only military personnel; there is probably no accurate accounting of the losses in the civilian populations of Europe (Firstworldwar.com Web site)."
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Risk Assessment in Sport, 2004.
An analysis of managing risk assessment and litigation in U.K. physical education departments.
2,395 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for a British university that aims to examine the rise of the litigation culture in the United Kingdom. The paper explores the aim of this research project to investigate the status of risk assessment in U.K. physical education programs in order to identify the best practice model that can be applied in a variety of settings to help mitigate the impact of injuries and the concomitant resulting litigation using a thoughtful risk assessment approach.
Outline
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology
From the Paper
"Risk assessment has reached a new level of importance in the Information Age. The growth of sophisticated networked information systems and distributed computing has created a potentially dangerous environment for private and public organizations. "Critical data -- such as from trade secrets, proprietary information, troop movements, sensitive medical records and financial transactions -- flows through these systems" (Hamilton, 1999, p. 69). Consequently, organizations are becoming increasingly concerned with potential exposure and are looking for ways to evaluate their organization's security profile today."
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Magazines and the Worlds They Create, 2004.
A comparative analysis of what the magazines "Shape" and "Men's Health" create for their readership.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how two parallel magazines, "Shape" and "Men's Health," with similar market bases, target women and men with similar interests and from similar lifestyles and age groups. It compares the different ways the magazines conceptualize their readership and how the magazine's advertising attempts to influence the targeted reading populations, despite the mutual parallel between the target audiences in their interest in living a fit lifestyle.
From the Paper
"Both magazines discuss fitness, nutrition, going out, and what to wear when working out and going out on a monthly basis, in both male and female incarnations. One of the most pernicious stereotypes that cling to women's magazines, as noted by Mary Kay Blakely, in her essay, "Help or Hindrance? Women's Magazines Offer Readers Little Fear, Failure" is that such women's-targeted magazines as "Shape" are alleged to hinder women's pursuit of independence. Yet "Shape" magazine, and other female fitness magazines of its ilk, all often show women pumping iron, riding mountain bikes in the great outdoors as well as in great gyms, and show examples of women pushing themselves beyond their available limits on the playing courts as well as in terms of weight loss."
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N.B.A. Basketball Players, 2004.
This paper discusses the process of motivating N.B.A. basketball players.
7,005 words (approx. 28.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 188.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that coaching is nothing but a form of leadership that involves the skills of motivation, guidance, direction, and mending. The author points out that the setting of goals is highly significant for inspiration and triumph because it permits players to set a target with the help of a preconceived plan for evaluating their development at various points over the course of time. The paper states that the motivational level is greatly influenced by the 'pump-up' sessions at the beginning and interval time of the matches; the content of the team talk is determined by the relative position of the opponents in the league.
From the Paper
"A tactful analysis of the various factors of confidence necessitated analysis of the interrelationship of foundation, organization and the behavior of the athletes. The competitive spirit in the sports demonstrates the circumstances for fostering the expertise and performance. The question arises as to what is the means of attaining confidence by the athletes. In the arena of sports psychology, the Achievement Goal Theory in relations to social perceptions is a widely accepted representation in the field. The past analysis in the sphere of Achievement Goal Theory reveals that the task-oriented approach has a long way in achieving the desired motivation and confidence among the athletes. An interrelationship between the guidance to achieve the objective and enhanced sport confidence is being perceived. It is evident that the motivation of the athletes towards achieving the goals is positively correlated to their sports confidence. Conversely, by emphasizing on skill development in the process of learning and competition the athletes are said to develop their sport confidence."
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Sexism in the Media, 2004.
An analysis of sexism in the media via a portrayal of female athletes in media coverage.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon of sexism in the media. This is done by an examination of sports coverage. The paper explains that gender differences and inequality in media coverage are very prevalent in the area of sports or athletic coverage. Women are not only portrayed less often than men, but also with a more sexist scope and utilization of language. The paper offers a suggestion to correct this problem.
From the Paper
"Sexist portrayal of men's versus women's athletic events and sporting events has prevailed in the media for some time. Armstrong and Hallmark (1999) note that until very recently, women in profession NCAA Division I women's basketball teams, though popular, had received "virtually no television exposure" during key station segments; women also suffered unfavorable practice times and "hand me down uniforms" (p. 1). Perhaps no other area of media portrayal reveals as much gender inequality as the portrayal of women athletes. This is not because of a lack of interest in female sports necessarily. More and more women are participating in sports formerly considered male only."
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Tennis, 2004.
Describes the game of tennis and how it inspires the author.
947 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper describes the sport of tennis and what it means to her personally. The paper explains how tennis is a sport of both mind and body, its protocols, and what it symbolizes to the author. The author describes tennis as a work of art that works its own artful magic upon her soul.
From the Paper
"It's such a simple game, on its surface, whether that surface is clay, court, or grass. All it takes is a ball, a racket, and a net. And one's opponent. Yet the game of tennis can mean so much more. Tennis can be a life or death struggle to prove a player's sense of worth over another player. It can be an affirmation of all that is good in one's self. A good game of tennis can demonstrate a player's ability to triumph as an individual, against all odds. But the individual in a game like tennis can be filled with meaning, too, in the minds of the spectators, as the struggle of one person comes to represent the struggle of many other individuals."
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Leadership in Sports, 2004.
An analysis of what it takes to be a successful sports coach.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of sports leadership. The writer explores what it takes to be an effective leader in the world of sports. Terms are defined, and literature is examined to present the most important characteristics in the role of coach. The paper provides several examples of successful coaches.
From the Paper
"Sports can be the foundation for building a successful life. Whether the participant plays childhood league sports, school sports, or goes on to become a professional player the skills and traits that are developed during that time help shape the total person. Because of the important impact that sports can have on a person's total development the way a team is handled becomes a key factor in the sports industry. Most people who have had children participate in sports leagues have either experienced or witnessed both good coaches and bad coaches."
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Soccer, 2004.
The paper discusses the business of soccer, especially in Europe and the U.S.
3,820 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the world, soccer is played by nearly one billion people and generates almost $260 billion every year; the World Cup gets an audience of nearly 36 billion people. The author points out that the recent marked increase in player salary is harming the game in the smaller markets in terms of club revenues and their inability to retain their good players. The paper concludes that the U.S. has all the basic ingredients for the development of soccer, including players, stadiums, and professional teams; what it now requires is for crowds to fill up the stadiums and for the rewards to be made attractive for the players. Tables.
Table of Contents
Background
Industry Landscape
Marketing Developments
Soccer in the U.S.
From the Paper
"The world has changed to a situation where entertainment is now the largest industry in terms of the volume of business and the people employed. Among the areas of entertainment, sports are the second biggest area after tourism. This has resulted in a situation where the American sports economic complex got sales worth 2 percent of the gross domestic product or $ 152 billion in 1995. This figure is based on the calculation of the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Economic Development Institute. This is expected to go up further to 3.5 percent. Among all the games in the world, soccer was the first to become international and also have a distribution wide enough to be called a global game. The efforts started first after 1974 World Cup through FIFA. There was a joint effort from the international marketing firms, companies making sporting goods, and the major network television units. This made FIFA the largest organizer of sports in the world, and a rival of the International Olympic Committee."
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Ambush Marketing, 2004.
An overview of the concept of ambush marketing and how it can be detrimental for the official sponsors of events, such as the World Cup.
3,983 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how ambush marketers can be described as organizations that intrude on agreements made between an official sponsor and the host of an event. It looks at how ambush marketers usually take advantage of their rights to capitalize on business opportunities and make the most out of someone's business deal. In particular, it explores whether tough rules should be introduced to protect sports sponsors and curb this marketing tactic.
From the Paper
"No matter which way one wishes to look at the situation of ambush marketers making the most of already sponsored big events, it may be said that such opportunities should not really be ethically available for organizations to seize. This is because official sponsors are the rightful owners of these events, as they pay large sums of cash to run the event, and this is the reason why things such as the logo of the events are directly associated with the sponsor companies. Considering this, ambush marketing may be accurately defined as the unauthorized association of an organization with the marketing of a particular event whereby they gain benefit of the marketing rights of that event without having to pay the license fee applicable in order to be associated with the event. Under this definition and the rest of the related discussion, there are a number of things that come to one's mind. Marketing rights is one of these things, as organizations gain under free trade."
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