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Healthcare and Economics: A Comparison of Terminology, 2008.
Compares how the terms: "technology and quality" are used in the fields of healthcare and economics.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper states that every discipline has its own vocabulary of jargon that assigns general terms like "technology" and "quality" its own specific, contextual definition, depending on the needs. The paper then relates that one of the difficulties of discussing how to improve healthcare may be that economists and healthcare providers speak a different language, or at least attach a series of different meanings to terms such as "technology" and "quality." The paper then reviews the differences between the meanings attached to the same word within different professional contexts in order to understand unspoken and unrecognized tensions.
From the Paper
"In economics, the benefits of technology are gauged not so much in terms of their benefits to the consumer (the recipient of the service) but to the producer. For example, an improvement in economics can enable a producer to produce the same amount of a good or service more cheaply, enabling him or her to make a greater profit off of the same items ("Supply determinants," 2008, Amosweb). This can make the life of the consumer better by allowing the consumer to buy more goods at a lower price, but not necessarily. The producer, if demand is high enough, may simply pocket the profit, pass the profit to shareholders, or invest it into research and development of new, profitable products. The aim of technology is to meet consumer desires better to increase profits, even if the technology is of questionable health or lifestyle benefit to the consumer."
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Family Literacy Programs, 2008.
A research paper that attempts to identify a family literacy program which assists English language students to develop their language skills.
9,389 words (approx. 37.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 313.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses a study to identify best practices for the effective delivery of educational services to English literacy learning students using a family literacy program approach. The paper comments that the challenges of educating students who do not speak a societal language are enormous and that educating such students is not just a question of teaching English: It is rather a question of providing large numbers of students with access to the curriculum at the same time that they are learning English. The paper uses a five-chapter format to discuss questions related to the topic with the fifth chapter providing a summary of the research, salient conclusions and recommendations.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Design of the Study
Summary And Recapitulation Of Main Themes
From the Paper
"The day when a third of America was plagued by apartheid is long gone of course, and "white-only" waiting rooms and drinking fountains are a nasty thing of the past. Today, a black man and a white woman are candidates for the presidency of the United States, and it is clear that although much remains to be done, much has been accomplished in the last five decades to advance the rights of women and African Americans. In fact, there may come a day when blacks and white find themselves at a distinct disadvantage because of shifting demographic patterns in the U.S., and sharing a common language and a common - albeit shameful in some cases -- legacy will bring them closer together in the face of these multicultural trends. Even together, though, blacks and whites may be faced with a new United States in the mid-20th century where Spanish is the predominate language in a majority of the states of the union, and they will be seeking out family literacy programs to help them survive in this new environment just as ELL learners are doing today. Given these trends, it is clearly in the best interests of an increasingly polyglot nation to ensure that everyone can communicate, and the English-only initiatives springing up across the country will not solve the problem. What is needed is a more informed view of the problem by mainstream Americans, particularly since they or their children may well find themselves in the ELL predicament sooner than they might think. All in all, family literacy programs were shown to just be good business. These programs provide an enormous return on their investment, and because the investment is in the nation's future, they are also the right thing to do today to help ensure the viability of a different America in the coming years."
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Rhetoric, 2008.
This paper provides a review of the concept of rhetoric.
2,383 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 119.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that rhetoric has come to mean the spoken word, in particular those words spoken by politicians. The writer then discusses that a review of the history of rhetoric reveals that rhetoric is quite different from popular definitions. This paper reviews and critiques what classical scholars and philosophers like Cicero, Plato and Aristotle believed about rhetoric. Their view that rhetoric, ethics and philosophy are interrelated is also presented in this paper, along with the New Rhetoric and instructions on how to properly engage in formal communication, which is also an important aspect of rhetoric.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
From the Paper
"The bigger picture of rhetoric is nothing like the political polemics that play out during campaigns for president. Rhetoric is speaking and writing, hopefully intelligent dialogue or speech making and worthy written narrative. Rhetoric is also a way of healing what hurts inside the heart and the spirit.
"To wit, Payne's points are appropriate because everyone on the planet, no matter what language they speak, no matter the culture or continent, can understand failure. What many individuals do not understand, however, is how to use rhetoric effectively to dig out of the hole created by the failure."
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Gay Speech, not Hate Speech, 2008.
A discussion on the use of word forms specifically constructed for recognition by gay and lesbian groups.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates how language serves a purpose to the gay and lesbian community to assist them in recognizing themselves as a group in a world of opposition and ridicule of their status. The paper quotes several words and descriptively explains how the word is utilized in gay society. The paper then summarizes the situation with examples on how language has been used negatively with the resultant necessity for this group to formulate their own vocabulary.
From the Paper
"This usage appears to have grown out of political activism. The need to combat homophobic oppression - including internalized homophobia - was perceived, and a concrete way of doing this was to hold a public parade in which pride in one's alternative sexual orientation was expressed. Out of this activity, the word "pride" acquired a whole new meaning - a meaning that is useful for this community in overcoming the societal prejudices it has to deal with."
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Consumer Motivations for Establishing a School, 2008.
An analysis of consumer motivations for the establishment of an English as a second language (ESL) school for Chinese students in Vancouver, Canada.
3,196 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of international education and considers the consumer decision-making process that motivates, in particular, Chinese students to enroll in educational institutions in Vancouver, Canada. It also examines the pressures and incentives that may induce Chinese students to study in Vancouver and offers a marketing plan for the successful development of a new English as a second language (ESL) school. The paper discusses the social, cultural and educational considerations, as well as a general economic outlook for the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Industry Overview
Consumer Identification
Analysis of Consumer Motivation
Marketing implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another important point to be addressed in the literature is the quick turnaround offered by the school. As an intensive, short-duration course, the academy will offer students the most efficient methods of learning and using English to pass the exam (if this is their stated goal). As we have also seen, there is a tremendous amount of money in the ETL book publishing industry. This is a market which is largely unregulated and there are few standard texts accepted by all institutions. Therefore, the development of a unique teaching curriculum supported by an in-house publishing wing may offer a long-term and lucrative source of income. As Vancouver is home to a number of universities, colleges and other educational institutions, as well as a thriving Chinese community, it may be possible to co-develop a series of educational books that take into account the realities - and pressures - faced by Chinese ESL learners."
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Bilingual Education in Ontario, 2008.
This paper looks at bilingual education and special education in Ontario.
3,145 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Canada's two official languages and growing demand for bilingual or French immersion education beyond Francophone areas challenges special education teachers, as they must explore different teaching methods and novel approaches to second language studies. The writer points out that other special education teachers face students from new Canadian backgrounds who must acquire French quickly in areas where French is the usual language and medium of instruction. The writer also notes that others speak French in the home but in dialects that demand instruction towards French as it is spoken in Canada. Moreover, in Anglophone areas of Canada, the special education student is entitled to study French, like all students, just as he or she is entitled to studies as much as possible resembling those of mainstream students. The writer reflects on what is understood by the term of bilingual education as it appears to have several implications depending upon the situation, languages or kinds of students involved.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Special Abilities & Problems
Acquiring an Approach
Assessment Pitfalls
Withdrawing Children
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Special Education has been an important issue in the Province of Ontario's francophone boards that sometimes receive students who do not speak French in the home or otherwise encounter the French-medium school as a place of language acquisition. Only in 2004 did the Ontario government resolve to step up funding for Special Education classes, assessment and support services so that all francophone schools do cater to the roughly 10% of students, as in Anglophone boards, to require Special Education for some or all of their education. In areas where bilingualism is usual or valued, Francophone Special Education students have sometimes been assigned to local English-medium schools that do offer Special Education.
Where bilingual schools exist, similarly, the expectation in some boards has been that Special Education will be taken in English. French immersion schools in Ontario are charged with providing French-medium Special Education for students in need. In Anglophone areas, bilingual schools and classes have expanded greatly, along with French immersion facilities that a generation ago were seen as suiting advanced or 'gifted' students but now serve generic students, French immersion schools offer their French-medium Special Education classes, too."
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American Libraries and Spanish-Speaking Americans, 2008.
An analysis of the treatment of Spanish-speaking Americans by American public libraries and how the situation can be improved.
2,810 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly looks at the historical treatment of Spanish-speaking patrons by the American public libraries. It discusses the implications of properly treating Spanish-speaking Americans for the library profession. It then explores the many options and solutions being considered and implemented by professional librarians seeking to formulate some kind of a rapprochement with the Spanish-speaking community. Next, the paper looks at how one major stakeholder (private business) has responded to the ongoing problem about how the library system of the United States can best serve the needs of Spanish-Americans. Finally, the paper provides an analysis of some of the solutions that appear to be available and which one of all of these appears most promising.
From the Paper
"There can scarcely be any doubt that American public libraries have historically done a poor job of meeting the needs of Spanish-speaking Hispanic Americans. Part of the reason for this unhappy state of affairs is that Hispanic Americans, until quite recently, did not constitute a large proportion of the American population. In addition, however, there is a general sense (at least in some quarters) that public libraries overlooked the language needs of Hispanic Americans because of a perception that America was an "English-speaking" nation and thus had no pressing obligation to provide for those who spoke another language. This perception has been challenged in recent years - at least in part because libraries are coming to the conclusion that one of the two groups (the other group is Chinese) that is really beginning to assert itself with regards to the use of the latest information technology is Spanish-speaking peoples. For this reason, the ability of American public libraries to accommodate this growing group of patrons is now of undeniable importance."
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Living Between Two Cultures, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of higher education for immigrants living in the United States and the related cultural aspects.
3,685 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 165.95
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Abstract
In this document the writer discusses a psycho-educational program that is targeted at the foreign student population of American higher education institutions. The writer notes that these types of psycho-educational group programs are designed to help the foreign student population better integrate socially and culturally. Further, the writer points out that these types of dimensions are often overlooked by higher education institutions which typically concentrate on assistance with academic performance only. The writer maintains that since the numbers of foreign born students studying within the United States is expected to increase, improving their acculturation process performance can benefit not only the institution of higher learning but the US' international standing and reputation as well.
Outline:
Abstract
Literature Review
Overview
Language Aspects
Cooperative Nature of Psycho-Educational Groups
Summary
Evaluation of Program Outcomes
Strengths of the Program
Limitations of the Program
Summary and Conclusions
Program Summary
Comparison to other Programs
Recommendations for Improvement
Recommendations for Future Study
From the Paper
"The idea is that these students must also be culturally integrated as well as linguistically capable. If they are able to comprehend all aspects of navigating common experiences in the US such as going to the bank or post-office but still lack any type of effective social skills and awareness in the host culture then they will still remain effectively isolated. The structure of these programs are in large part responsible for their success for both majority and minority language speakers because the students are not separated from their native language nor expected to lose their cultural identity but are give the tools and the opportunity to gradually work in the host culture environment. For the foreign born student, because so much of the instruction of these cultural familiarization and acculturation programs is in their primary language they receive a much more comprehensive education regarding what it means to integrate. However, it should be noted that these types of programs are offered outside of any official academic program and typically are not offered for credit and thus do contribute to a student's workload with little concrete return other than peace of mind. "
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Blake's "London", 2008.
This poem analyzes "London" by William Blake and points out the grimness of the city as portrayed in the poem.
1,259 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that whole social aspects of London during eighteenth century are compacted into the short poem, "London." The writer points out that although the poem seems a simple description of the details that Blake might have observed while he was wandering around, it certainly carries more meaning than any depicted pictures. The writer discusses that the poem not only represents the images of the city, but also reveals Blake's own thoughts and ideas about the grim social state of the times. The writer concludes that Blake's negative impressions of the city are especially expressed in his irony, depressed oppression and sarcasm with the examples of chartered streets, a chartered river, the cries of men and of infants, an infant's tear and the marriage-hearse.
From the Paper
"The poem begins with a note of irony. The narrator wanders the "chartered" streets near the "chartered" Thames. This emphasis on charters, which were given to people who were richer or more powerful than most of the other citizens, shows Blake's disdain for the society of bureaucratic laws, which allow bureaucrats to control public sharing such as, streets and Thames of London. Blake also mentions the Thames to emphasize the extremity of the control because it is ridiculous for somebody to assert control over a river. By adding the word 'chartered' to what they were supposed to be the public facilities, and also by repeating the word, Blake's contempt for the society--controlled by bureaucratic law is indirectly, but clearly revealed in the poem."
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Vos and Voseo, 2008.
An analysis of the use of voseo in Central and South American countries.
1,117 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the voseo is an archaic Spanish way of addressing another person using the vos instead of the tu. The use of vos in its formal and aristocratic use has been lost mostly in America but it survives in its family and casual use in some countries in South and Central America. In particular, the paper examines how, although the vos and its use have changed over the centuries, it has experienced different developments depending on the historical and geographical context of the particular country's political and social events. The paper also looks at how today the voseo is the more popular way of addressing somebody in the southern cone and countries in Central America such as Nicaragua.
From the Paper
"In certain regions of Colombia and Venezuela, the vos is used only in contexts of great trust and familiarity. The tu is used in Bogota and it is spreading over the province. In South America, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, people talk using vos on a daily basis. Among these countries, there are not many differences in the way that people use it. It is the typical and characteristic talk and address of the Rio de la Plata. Parents and children address one another using the vos. Young people, even not knowing each other, will talk using vos. However, two adults who don't know each other use the usted. There is not a class differentiation, its use is related to knowledge and age. Sometimes, elderly friend will talk to each other using the usted even in Buenos Aires. The use of vos has a loving and approachable element: it creates an instant trust specially when pronounced from older adults to young people. "
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Teaching Synonymy, 2008.
This paper discusses the problems of synonymy in the English language and suggests ways of teaching the correct usage.
1,930 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that some linguists insist that in order for true synonymy to exist the two words must be identical in meaning when they are transposed into the same sentence; however, this is often not possible because of the dual meanings that some words possess and the possibility that switching the words may have a different impact on the reader because of slang. The author points out that, when different cultures are considered in relation to words, the sameness may become confusing because the words or phrases are interpreted by people with differing cultural associations. The paper stresses that teaching synonymy requires students to work on activities, which are directly related to each concept. The author analyzes the contents of an included email and suggests teaching activities.
From the Paper
"Klembe (1983) states that "utterances" may classify as synonymy. This is because utterances are expressions that may not have a specific meaning if broken down word by word, but they do have an implied meaning if they are interpreted as the speaker intended them to be understood. Field, (2001) states, however, that defining utterances as synonymy is much the same as arbitrarily insisting that a word or phrase has meaning when it does not.. Yet, Fine (1993) stipulates that Aristotle accepted both approaches as arguments and that ultimately how synonymy was determined was left to the listener. "
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Social Colloquialisms, 2008.
A research proposal on social labeling and its significance, with a focus on the subject of gender.
1,186 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that social labeling is identified as qualifying terms attached to specific constructs found within general social interactions. The paper explains that the purpose of this study is to identify those social colloquialisms that are used to identify gender within common parlance. The paper states the scope of the study, the research questions, the methods of assessment as well as the format and timetable.
Outline:
Purpose of the Study
Scope of the Study
Methods
Outline and Timetable
From the Paper
"The pervasiveness of social labeling has resulted in the investigation of these words as representative of values shared throughout a specific society. Early research by Brooks-Gunn and Lewis (1979), for example, sought to identify why children between 9 to 24 months of age were more likely to associate the label "daddy" with an authority figure while the label "mommy" was more likely to be associated with a nurturing figure. The authors found that these two terms were heavily saturated within information communicated to infants and children, such as nursery rhymes, and that the children absorbed these social labels without attaching any qualifying information to these terms."
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Culture and Language Acquisition, 2008.
This paper examines how language acquisition can be improved by incorporating cultural acquisition into the curriculum.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper evaluates the literature on the subject of culture acquisition in the language classroom and its importance. The paper shows how a sociocultural perspective is crucial to the success of language acquisition efforts since learning styles have a cultural component. The paper concludes that encouraging cultural acquisition must stand as an important component in the language classroom.
From the Paper
"Culture plays an important part in any educational setting, though its effects are particularly noticeable in the language classroom. Traditionally language acquisition is simply considered to be a matter of memorizing vocabulary and learning new grammatical structures. But language is much more complex than this, and true proficiency in a language requires a more sophisticated understanding of the underpinnings of the language being taught. In particular, research has repeatedly confirmed that language and culture and intricately linked with one another (Giambo et al., 2006). In order to become proficient in a new language, instructors must take into account cultural considerations when teaching to students of various cultural backgrounds."
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The Impact of Language and Culture on Learning, 2008.
This paper examines the ramifications of language and culture on education.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the various strategies that school systems have employed to better integrate native languages and cultures into their curriculum. The paper emphasizes the need for educational systems to develop an integrated learning system which addresses the learning needs and styles of all students rather than just the majority culture.
From the Paper
"The importance of understanding the impact that a student's native language and culture has on his or her ability to learn is critical in the success of the educational program the student is in. Zehler touches upon the importance and complexity of language and culture on educational success when she states that English language learners (ELL) have specific needs: "...they need to build their oral English skills. They also need to acquire reading and writing skills in English. And they must...maintain a learning continuum in the content areas (e.g., mathematics, science, and social studies)"(1994). Thus, educational programs and, indeed, systems must account for not simply for the ELL student's target language acquisition but the ELL student's entire curriculum base."
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The English Language, 2008.
Argues that the future of the English language promises to be an eventful one.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that there is every reason to believe that the English language will continue to divide and sub-divide in much the same way as the ancient Indo-European language of which it is a descendant divided and sub-divided over time. The paper further asserts that one can reasonably expect to see the denotative and, especially, connotative meanings of words change as societal attitudes and perceptual paradigms change. Lastly, the paper asserts that, as society evolves and new innovations muscle their way to the fore, new words and expressions will enter the lexicon - helped along by the fact that English has always been very good at borrowing from other languages when striving to find an apt descriptor for a new "thing" or phenomenon. The paper concludes that, in the end, the English language will continue to grow more dynamic, larger, and will most likely continue to freely take from other languages.
From the Paper
"For instance, Fred C. Robinson writes that a statement such as King Edward's in Henry VI, "Warwick was a bug that feared us all," would be incomprehensible to today's readers without an appreciation of how the noun, "bug," and the past-tense of the verb "fear", which is to say "feared," have both changed in meaning over the centuries. To be specific, in sixteenth and early seventeenth century England - the England of Shakespeare's time - a bug meant "an object of terror, a bug-bear," and the verb, "feared," meant something quite a bit different than the common modern-day understanding which holds that the subject in the sentence is afraid of someone or something."
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Three Studies Addressing Psychology and Language, 2008.
This paper assesses three different articles on language, cognition and psychology and discusses just what the human mind really is.
3,656 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 164.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces three contrasting papers belonging to related fields of psychology. The writer looks at 'Representing Word Meaning and Order Information in a Composite Holographic Lexicon' by Michael N. Jones and Douglas J.K. Mewhort, 'Modeling the Successes and Failures of Interventions for Disabled Readers' by Harm, M.W., McCandliss, B.D. and Seidenberg, M.S. and 'An Integrated Theory of Mind' by Anderson, J.R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M.D., Douglass, S., Labiere, C and Qin Y. The writer notes that all the articles are interesting indications of how research in psychology varies strongly, according to the preparation and particular foci of researchers, how the human mind and its faculties are conceptualized, or what is considered salient. Examined, in turn, the three papers provide a glimpse of research or theoretical psychology that may not always sit well with a reader of different orientation. One sees a social scientific discipline that should continue examining and comparing its differences, avoiding too narrow approaches or realms of related study.
Outline:
Introduction
Michael N. Jones and Douglas J.K. Mewhort. (2007). Representing word meaning and order information in a composite holographic lexicon. Psychological Review, 114, 1-37.
Harm, M.W., McCandliss, B.D. and Seidenberg, M.S. (2003). Modeling the successes and failures of interventions for disabled readers. Scientific Studies in Reading, 7, 155-182.
Anderson, J.R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M.D., Douglass, S., Labiere, C and Qin Y. (2004). An Integrated Theory of Mind. Psychological Review, 111, 1036-1060.
Discussion
References
From the Paper
"Perhaps most student readers will have to take Jones & Mewhort's work at face value, unable to draw upon their level of expertise, or what the researchers' findings really mean, in terms of earlier research or what may stand to be learned of language, memory, or other brain function, or language development. It does seems that the human mind capable of language is forever at work, whether speaking or not, for example, towards eventual word order that shows the mind's ability to give its own cues or phrases or associated concepts from diverse places."
"The mind's speech patterns can be plotted for analysis, as Jones & Mewhort tell us is true, most often in relation to similar nouns or verbs or words coming to be predictable in phrases or their uses. When this article is reread, again there is the feeling of needing more information, or perhaps being helped by information on the applications of the research. For example, if memory that aids language is stored in a distributive way, then where in the brain, or according to which processes does this take place?"
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