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JonBenet Ramsey, 2007.
A case study analysis of the murder case of JonBenet Ramsey in 1996.
9,569 words (approx. 38.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 245.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a case study analysis of the murder case of JonBenet Ramsey in the United States in 1996. It overviews the particulars of the case and then details and analyzes the evidence that was found in relation to her murder. Finally, the paper discusses the preliminary conclusions of the case and gives recommendations for future action to be taken.
Table of Contents:
An Overview of the Case
The Evidence
Analysis of the Evidence
Preliminary Conclusions
Recommendations for Further Action
From the Paper
"Another footprint was found on the outer part of the same window, plus a scuff mark on the wall just below the window where a person coming in the window might have placed his foot for leverage into the basement. A suitcase was found on the floor under the window with a possible footprint on it. John Ramsey said this suitcase was normally kept in another part of the basement. Inside the suitcase was a pillow sham, comforter and Dr. Seuss book. Assuming that the killer originally planned to kidnap JonBenet for ransom, he may have "packed some things" for her that she would need."
"A palm print that was found on the wine cellar door could not be matched to anyone in the family or among their friends. Likewise, the pubic hair found on the blanket that covered the child's body did not belong to any member of the Ramsey family."
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Organized Crime, 2007.
A comparison of the Genovese Crime Family and the Chinese Big Circle Gang and how they operate within America.
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of organized crime in America. Specifically, it compares and contrasts an Italian and an Asian organized crime group active in America. The paper focuses on the Genovese Crime Family and the Chinese Big Circle Gang, which are two of the most notorious organized crime groups. It describes their goals, outlooks and organizational structure.
Table of Contents:
The Genovese Crime Family
The Big Circle Gang
From the Paper
"Like their Italian counterparts, the Big Circle deals primarily in drug trafficking, loansharking, and counterfeiting currencies and goods. They also deal in human smuggling and trafficking, and exporting stolen vehicles, which differs from most Italian operations, including the Genovese family. Unlike their Mafia cousins, the Big Circle is made up of very small units called "cells," in each location, and this makes it extremely difficult for law enforcement to find or infiltrate them (Hall, 2005). In contrast, the Genovese and other Mafia families are extremely large. Author Paoli continues, "The sheer size of the American mafia families has long prevented their members from interacting informally with each other, as is instead the case in most Sicilian mafia groups, and has favored internal stratification and segmentation" (Paoli, 2003, p. 7). Thus, most Asian gangs like the Big Circle are harder to control because they are smaller, less conspicuous, and less likely to accept new, unknown members."
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Child Abuse, 2007.
This paper discusses problems and solutions for managing the child abuse reporting system.
2,315 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that problems, such as false reporting and accusations, cultural misunderstandings, racial bias, unnecessary harsh sentences and overall judicial inconsistencies, exist in the child abuse reporting system. The author points out that the large percentage of inappropriate reporting also places an unnecessary burden on the already overwhelmed child protective agencies and threatens to undermine public support for their efforts. The paper suggests that, with time and experience, it will be possible to standardize the approach toward sentencing so individuals will receive accurate judgments of incarceration, probation, education or acquittal based on the true circumstances. This paper includes several long quotations.
Outline:
Introduction Definition of Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
Spanking versus Serious Physical Abuse
Study by Baumrind: Most Parents Spank without Ill Impact on Children
Statistical Reporting of Child Abuse Numbers
Numbers of Reporting Increased 20 Times
Large number of "Unfounded" Reports
Inappropriate Reporting Places Unnecessary Burden on Child Protective Agencies
Better Reporting on What to/Not to Report
Disagreement of Over/Under-Reporting of Child Abuse Claims
Investigative/Tool Inconsistencies
Racial/Cultural Misrepresentations
American Psychology Association Recommendations
Learn about the Culture
Examine Discrepancies between Accepted Cultural Practices and the Behavior
Look at the Continuum of Cultural Behaviors, Determining Relationship Socioeconomic Issues such as Poverty and Substance Abuse
Is Alleged Abusive Behavior is Truly Harmful to others?
Person's Level of Acculturation to U.S. Culture
Reporting Bias
Suggested Actions
Narrow the Scope of Child Abuse and Neglect Definitions.
Place the Investigatory Powers with the Police
Re-Criminalize Child Abuse and Neglect.
Repeal Mandatory Reporting Laws Effect in all the States.
Make Child and Family Services Voluntary
From the Paper
"As with any law that is passed, it is necessary to clearly define terms so that certain persons or groups of persons are not being treated differently in terms of that law and the punishment fits the crime. In cases of child abuse, there are numerous cases, especially with severe physical, psychological or sexual violations, where an individual should receive a strict penalty. However, there are also a large number of others cases where the abuse is minimal, questionable (spanking, for example), cultural, or even misinformed. In these latter situations, it may be better to find alternate ways to help these individuals and the victims."
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Policing in the U.K. and Middle East, 2007.
A comparison of policing tactics and difficulties faced by police within the U.K. and Middle East.
1,468 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how the difficulties of policing in the UK differ from the difficulties of policing in the Middle East. The paper provides an overview of policing and discusses how the U.K. faces traditional problems such as addressing acts of terror, burglary and violent crime while problems facing the Middle East include more serious issues of security, terrorism, border control and abuse of visitors and people living there.
Outline:
Policing Defined
Policing in the UK
Policing in the Middle East
Comparison and Analysis of Difficulties Within Each Region
From the Paper
"Governments define policing in multiple ways. Depending on the structure of a government, whether democratic in nature, authoritarian or socialist, policing takes on many different forms. One may define policing in places like the U.K. as any and all actions whose purpose includes maintaining a peaceful enterprise within the land (MPS, 2007). In other regions of the world however, including in the Middle East, historically policing involves many acts of violence and radical activities engaged in to support variant rather than homogenous interpretations of what policing is and isn't."
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Cyber-security Breaches, 2007.
A review of recent case studies of cyber-security breaches in the USA.
4,069 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses various recent cyber-security breaches in the USA. The paper discusses each event, the method used to breach the cyber-security and the response. The paper focuses primarily on the case of Moonlight Maze, one of the most infamous cyber-attacks which occurred in the late 1990s.
From the Paper
"The hackers were apparently working from a location in Russia, though this could not be definitively established due to the nature of the infiltration. All that is known for certain is that the hack into Department of Defense computers had been going on for more than a year and that it is entirely unclear how much information was made off with during that time. This is due in part to the fact that in addition to raiding information directly from the Pentagon, the hackers also used that point of entry to enter other sensitive systems throughout the US government. These included networks at nuclear research labs associated with the Energy Department, NASA, and numerous university research facilities (Drogin, 1999). Investigators reiterate that the attackers obtained no known classified information, but the general uncertainty surrounding Moonlight Maze makes this claim dubious at best."
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Juvenile Rehabilitation, 2007.
This paper demonstrates the success of the rehabilitation model in treating juvenile delinquents.
1,078 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that, despite some evidence pointing towards a greater need to "lock down" juveniles, the rehabilitation strategy is much more effective and is morally correct. The paper explains the rehabilitation model as based upon the concept of "curing" an offender of his or her criminal mindset and behavior. The paper maintains that retributive justice will ultimately result in more crime because it makes juveniles harbor a lifetime of hate towards society whilst a rehabilitative system creates a greater ability to change juvenile offenders into valuable members of society.
From the Paper
"Historically the juvenile court system was created as an alternative to the current adult system for processing delinquents. It was built upon the premise that rehabilitation was a much better fundamental strategy for dealing with juvenile delinquents than the retribution model. However, recent statistics have shown an increase in juvenile violence as well as other forms of crime. In addition, there have been overwhelming statistics which point to the fact that juvenile delinquents are more than likely to commit crimes upon their release from prison. These crime waves have brought more and more juvenile offenders back to adult courts, and a greater public debate has been ongoing about the success of the rehabilitation model."
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2007.
An argument supporting juvenile rehabilitation versus incarceration.
1,079 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the theories presented by the Office of Juvenile Justice and the Boy Scouts of America on juvenile rehabilitation and analyzes the effects of juvenile rehabilitation programs as opposed to lockup. The paper argues for rehabilitation and asserts that rehabilitation is a more viable option for juvenile offenders due to their young influential ages, as well as it being more cost-effective.
Outline:
Introduction
Juvenile Rehabilitation Programs vs Lockup
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States; the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by our youth who, according to media reports, prey upon a defenseless public. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reports that on average, "juveniles were involved in one-quarter of serious violent victimization annually over the last 25 years; juvenile offenders were known to be involved in about 1,100 murders in the U.S. in 2003; over 108,700 juveniles were in detention, correctional, or shelter facilities in 1995; and courts with juvenile jurisdiction disposed of more than 1.6 million delinquency cases in 2000.""
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Neighborhood Watch Group, 2007.
A brief overview of the theories of why people commit crimes and the function of the Neighborhood Watch Group.
926 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of synthesized theories to the study of criminality and how they work to help prevent crime and to help understand the criminal mind. It looks at how the need to understand criminals has been in the minds and hearts of criminologist and police officers for countless years and how extending this understanding to the minds of others will help neighborhood watch programs tremendously.
From the Paper
"Synthesized theories have been around in the field of criminology for quite some time. This is largely because they work well in helping criminologists discover some of the hidden reasons and causes behind crime. In order have a full understanding of synthesized theories, it is important to explain two things: the concept behind synthesized theories, and their importance to the study of criminology. Knowing these two things will help individuals determine characteristics that might make people into criminals."
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Leonard Peltier, 2007.
This paper discusses Leonard Peltier and looks at how justice miscarried.
3,250 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Leonard Peltier has been in prison at Ft. Leavenworth more than 30 years for a crime that he and many supporters say he did not commit. In order to understand what actually happened that day and why many people consider Peltier a political prisoner, the writer notes that it is necessary to obtain an awareness of the historical context in which the incident took place and the government's attitude toward the American-Indian Movement. In this essay, the writer examines the historical context, looks at the two trials that were held in connection with the shootings and describes subsequent legal actions.
Outline:
Historical Context
The American Indian Movement
From the Paper
"Three films have been made about the incident and the case: Incident at Oglala a documentary produced by Robert Redford (which this paper draws heavily upon), another documentary Warrior, and a fictionalized version Thunderheart. The film Incident at Oglala was based directly on a book written by Peter Matthiessen, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, which describes the historical context and events that led to the shoot-out in 1975. The book was kept off the market for eight years until 1991 by a lawsuit that the FBI funded. Eight decisions later, the Supreme Court ruled that the book was free of libel, so it and the documentary are now available to the public. Although Peltier is known in foreign countries as a hero, and Amnesty International and others are fighting for him as a political prisoner, there is not much public awareness about him in the United States."
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Outlaw Biker Gangs, 2007.
This paper takes a look at the history of outlaw biker gangs.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the outlaw biker gangs are the opposite of the 'classy' Mafia since they portray the rebellious nature of man and ride out into the sunset in their Harleys with the wind blowing in their faces. The writer notes that of the various outlaw biker gangs, the most famous - and probably notorious ones - are the Hell's Angels and the Outlaws gangs. Both groups were founded in the first half of the 1900s, one during the Depression Era while the other was a spin-off of a World War II unit. The writer looks at Sheila Ahern's 'The Gang's Not All Here' article which gives a brief history of these two outlaw biker gangs.
The writer concludes that that a closer look at statistics throughout the years would prove a major involvement of the various outlaw biker gangs in almost all types of criminal activities.
From the Paper
"Outlaw biker gangs have been known to indulge in various criminal activities from drugs, prostitution, murder-for-hire to blackmail. With the emergence of the Internet and other modern technologies, the various outlaw biker gangs have launched a public relations campaign to show that they are misunderstood segments of the society and the criminal activities attributed to them are works of wayward members that have nothing to do with the general membership of the group. "
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'School of the Americas', 2007.
A discussion regarding the controversial 'School of the Americas'.
3,879 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the School of the Americas, the secret school that trains assassins. According to the paper, the School of the Americas has been instructing Latin American military officers in the art of counter-insurgency warfare since 1946.
From the Paper
"It is a wonder then that the modern expression of outrage over the abuses that are taking place as we speak and as a direct outgrowth of the contradictions of policy that allow the SOA to remain a viable institution, are so wide spread. The official record of the US has largely remained unchallenged, not surprising given that the nation and its official organizations have actively distanced themselves from open violations in the past. Yet, now, as many who protest the SOA feared such official denials have come to the public attention in the form of abuse in modern war death camps. "
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Drugs and Prostitution, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of drug abuse and prostitution on society.
1,769 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the connections and correlations between drug abuse and prostitution. It describes the costs to society of drug abuse and focuses on the effects on children of addicts. The paper then discusses what is being done to attempt to combat the problem of drug abuse and prostitution and how effective these measures are. It concludes by suggesting ways to improve the current situation.
From the Paper
"Controlled decriminalization would allow our society to seek other more productive ways to control and reduce drug abuse. If drug use were decriminalized, the problem of prostitution would decrease dramatically. The $20 billion a year we now spend on controlling drug traffic could be used more effectively to address other social problems. Effective or not, the system we now have has invested itself and is working to maintain itself. But doing more of the same will never produce a different result."
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Transnational Crime, 2007.
This paper discusses globalization and the rise in transnational crime.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that transnational crimes have increased steadily since the advent of the Internet, as many crimes can be done from half way around the world with the click of a mouse. The paper discusses how transnational crimes cause problems in three specific areas and looks at the steps that can be taken to reduce its occurrence.
Outline:
Introduction
Growth of Globalized Crime
Four Legal Traditions
From the Paper
"Globalization for the most part, has provided a positive new dimension to life. People can chat with others around the world, cultural diversity is being shared on a global business level and parts of the world that used to live in fear of each other now know they have little to fear. With the positive aspects of globalization however, come some negative ones including increased transnational crime(The Explosive Growth of Globalized Crime http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0801/ijge/gj01.htm)."
"Transnational crime is committed in literally thousands of ways. Some examples of transnational crime include the shipment into the US of the drug Ecstasy, being manufactured in the Netherlands, computer viruses being sent worldwide from one office in the Philippines and large US banks discovering that they have been used in large Russian money laundering operations."
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Civil Sanctions, 2007.
This paper presents an examination of civil sanctions in crime control.
2,811 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the role of civil sanctions in crime control. The writer explores the way civil sanctions are already used in criminal cases. The writer then argues that taking it a step further would benefit everyone involved by alleviating some of the nation's jail overcrowding issues and by providing financial relief to victims of criminals. The writer concludes that the time has come to introduce the use of civil sanctions to control crime in America. The writer points out that it would help alleviate jail overcrowding, it would benefit society by putting money back into the pocket it was taken from through crime and it will serve as a control for would be criminals to stop and think about whether the crime they are about to commit is worth it.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Crime Control
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To be fair, criminal court judges are also at their wits end as they try to handle overfilled courtroom dockets, maintain a sense of order and keep track of how many times a defendant has already been in trouble before deciding what punishment to hand down. Recent history has witnessed Americans taking the law into their own hands, not with acts of vigilantism but with acts of civil summons. Across the nation victims and families of victims in criminal actions are filing civil suits against those who committed the crimes against them or their loved ones. The trial of OJ Simpson was one of the most well known cases, in which the families of Ron Goldman and Nicole Simpson took the former pro-ball player to civil court and got a many million dollar ruling against him. In Nashville the case of attorney Perry March who killed his wife and then worked with his father to hide the body and escape prosecution for more than a decade has also been sued by his wife's family for the distress his actions caused them. The idea of filing civil suits against criminal defendants is not a new one, however, the civil action has nothing to do with the criminal proceedings. With the current overcrowding of America's jails and prisons, and crime including many more types of theft than ever before, the time has come to introduce civil sanctions as a valid method of crime prevention."
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Death Penalty, 2007.
A philosophical discussion of capital punishment.
1,026 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of capital punishment and further discusses it from a philosophical perspective. Several issues are examined regarding the death penalty, including asking ourselves under which conditions the only just punishment for the crime is death. The author also argues that the death penalty should not be used for revenge.
From the Paper
"The Death Penalty, as it is commonly known in the United States, is sanctioned by both the Federal and the majority of state governments. The laws that allow for capital punishment, however, enjoy their tenure only at the behest of the citizens of the individual states. Where communities have determined that capital punishment is not in their interests, the Death Penalty has either been removed from their "books" or is simply not used. But popular support through voting, thus making capital punishment a democratic choice, is perhaps not the best justification for state-sanctioned murder; majority rule has a rough history in terms of justice, equality, and foresight. The truth is that enough regimes and governments have misused and misapplied capital punishment to such an extent as to make it distasteful ("Hangman's Knot", 5). Indeed, the greatest argument against capital punishment is in relation to the crimes to which it is applied. If the penalty is not used in relation to a specific crime that morally justifies the ending of the perpetrator's life, then it cannot itself be justified . Rape, kidnapping, assault, espionage / treason, and murder have all been listed as crimes that can receive the Death Penalty. We have to ask if the criminal has taken from the victim, the victim's family and the community so much that the only just punishment is death."
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Leonard Peltier, 2007.
A look at the circumstances surrounding the conviction and incarceration of Leonard Peltier, who was accused of shooting two FBI agents in 1975.
3,454 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of Leonard Peltier, who has been in prison at Ft. Leavenworth more than 30 years for a crime that he and many supporters say he didn't commit. The paper examines the historical context in which the killing of two FBI agents in 1975 took place, including the government's attitude toward the American-Indian Movement. It then looks at the two trials that were held in connection with the shootings and describes subsequent legal actions.
Table of Contents:
Historical Context
The American Indian Movement
From the Paper
"At the end of President Bill Clinton's presidency, there was a chance that he would pardon Leonard Peltier. He was seriously considering it. However, 500 agents of the FBI and their families staged a protest outside the White House demanding the president deny clemency for Leonard Peltier. The president did not pardon him. He gave no reason, but it seems likely he didn't want to go against the FBI (Sanchez, Stuckey, & Morris, 1999). Nobody knows for sure. Afterwards, however, a billionaire named David Geffen stopped supporting Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign financially and funded Barack Obama's campaign instead. Geffen said he was disillusioned by President Clinton's refusal to pardon Peltier while at the same time he pardoned Marc Rich, whom he called "a billionaire felon and criminal" (Wikipedia web site)."
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