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Gender and Technology Theory, 2008.
An essay arguing that modern technology is not contributing towards closing the gender gap between men and women and that it is the social constructs that encourage gender specific technology that must be changed.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, rather than being gender neutral, modern technology is actually quite gender specific. The paper then sites several examples of technology that support this contention and suggests that the technology also seems to imply that women are less competent or less able to operate technology as well as men and need adapted technology. The paper concludes that technology has not 'liberated' women in that technology remains a gendered subject and that, if we want to advance the prospects of women, we must first create cultural change, as technological advances do not automatically promote gender inequality .
From the Paper
"The creation of gendered technology has continued at a strong pace, no longer a domain of household gadgets or curling irons but a realm that includes reproductive technologies serving women, as technology supporting child-bearing women. Women are unwittingly helping a new technology sector from which males profit in the growing numbers to have children later in life, to engage in sex selection, or to demand children through relatively to very high risk cases. This technological enterprise can perhaps be seen as post-industrial child-bearing as a new industry carrying on from the industrial era. In sum, technology has not 'liberated' women in that technology remains a gendered subject. Those who expected something different are advised to trace the much longer history of gender as a socially constructed phenomenon. Cultural change must be created to alter ideas of gender, as opposed to hoping that technological advances will progress the prospects of women."
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Boys' Education and Feminism, 2008.
A critical examination of the debate over masculinity and the underperformance of boys in public education.
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper refers to Michael Kimmel's analysis of the debate over gender stereotyping and its relationship with boys' underachievement in academic studies today. The paper provides a critical examination of this debate and reveals that this problem actually pre-dates the modern feminist movement, thus proving that the greater access and performance of girls in the education system is actually not related to underperformance of boys. The paper contends that this critique of feminism can be seen as an agenda-driven effort by conservative forces to both undermine the gains of the feminist movement and also obscure the reality of the negative impact of gender stereotyping upon boys' academic performance.
Outline:
Introduction
Background in the Debate
Backlash Politics and the Issue of Masculinity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In "What About the Boys?" Michael Kimmel explores a number of facets of the complex debate over gender stereotyping and the contemporary education system. Proceeding from an initial focus upon the current concern over the apparent decline in academic performance of boys in recent years, Kimmel develops a wide-ranging interrogation of not only issues and agendas in the current debate, but also of broader social gender conditioning and stereotyping in our culture and how this is negatively impacting generations of males."
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Angela Carter's "The Company of Wolves", 2008.
Examines Angela Carter's tale "The Company of Wolves", a satire of "Little Red Riding Hood" and other traditional fairy tales.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that female characters in fairy tales are sometimes viewed as being helpless and innocent and at other times as being powerful. The author then summarizes and reviews Angela Carter's story, "The Company of Wolves", and relates that it embraces a new form of the commanding protagonist, who thwarts both man and wolf using her burgeoning sexuality. The paper underscores that Carter's protagonist , like some of the female characters in fairy tales, has "more power" than men because of her very presence as the hero of the story.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Company of Wolves
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A young man appears before the girl on the path, a metaphorical sheep in wolf's clothing. Innocently trusting appearances, the girl is attracted to his obvious good looks and his attempts to woo her. Arranging a race to her grandmother's house whereby, if he wins, he will obtain from her a kiss, the man departs. By the time he has reached grandmother's house - earlier than the girl - it is clear to the reader he is a werewolf, or a "wolf-man". As in Little Red Riding Hood, the youth tricks his way into the grandmother's home and eats her up, as it were."
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Are Women Discriminated Against in the Labor Market?, 2008.
A discussion regarding working women in Canada.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how women have fought against discrimination and found a place for themselves within all areas of society, thereby becoming more empowered than ever before. The paper then argues that, although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not yet been achieved. Specifically, this paper argues that that women are discriminated against in the labour market and that this discrimination is manifested in several ways.
From the Paper
"In the last fifty years or so, our society has made unprecedented strives towards improving the status of women. Women have been relentless in fighting discrimination against the female gender, carving a place for themselves within the business, educational, professional and political arenas of the society. As a result, today, women have much more power then ever before. This is reflected in the area of work. More than half of the labour force is made up of women (Brym, 1995). However, the participation of women in the workforce has also become an economic necessity, because there are less secure full-time jobs and many families today need the dual income. Although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not yet been achieved. This essay will argue that women are discriminated against in the labour market. The discrimination is manifested in several ways. First, women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs. Second, they still form the major part of part-time and temporary workforce. Women are segregated into certain 'female' professions and they are underrepresented in other professions. Women concentrated in jobs stereotyped as "women's jobs" (nursing, clerical child care, retail). They are poorly presented in science, computer science and engineering occupations, which are often very prestigious and well paid. Fourth, more prestigious positions with power are still mainly reserved for men as women often encounter the 'glass ceiling'. Finally, women often do 'second shift' of housework at home, which is unpaid and undervalued. This job inequality is rooted in the broader social inequality, which separates boys and girls from an early age, and which still sharply defines male and female roles with the family and society at large."
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Women in Shakespeare's Tragedies, 2008.
A proposal for a project to study the representation of women in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" and "Othello".
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 34 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the project will be a detailed analysis of two works by William Shakespeare, "Othello" and "Romeo and Juliet", focusing primarily on the feminist and philosophical elements of the two plays, as well as the significance of the historical context in which they were written. The author points out that feminists, who are preoccupied with the commentary being made in Shakespeare's plays concerning women, question whether his representations of women truly reflect reality. The paper includes an outline of the method by which the project will be completed.
Table of Contents:
Project Overview
Subject to be Studied
Intended Outcomes
Learning Objectives
Detailed Work Plan
Project Outline
Method
Literary Resources
On-Line Resources
Faculty Supervisor's Role
Proposed Timetable
From the Paper
"The project proposes to examine the genius of Shakespeare as a dramatist who possessed a deep psychological understanding of women and who usually was able to anticipate a feminist perspective on women's issues and roles. Being a male author during the Elizabethan period, Shakespeare exhibited profound insights into the psyche of his female characters. Desdemona is unafraid to confront her father and is fascinated by the violent aspect of life yet she is also incapable of taking any real action to resolve her situation."
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Catherine Pigott's "Chicken Hips", 2008.
Looks at messages relating to body image and society from Catherine Pigott's online short story "Chicken Hips".
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 0 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the short story "Chicken Hips" by Catherine Pigott. The writer relates that she found the story very absorbing because of its gentle humor and the many lessons it teaches about what it is like to be a woman in a world where stereotypes abound. The paper then discusses the following issues from the story: the social construction of beauty, the life lesson of doing the right thing and not simply the popular thing, and the impressionability of human beings.
Table of Contents:
Outline of Paper
Why "Chicken Hips" Matters
From the Paper
"Whereas North American - and European - women cut and shape and torment their bodies to fit some artificial construct of what constitutes true feminine beauty, women in Gambia, who have seen more desperation and suffering than most of their white colleagues can imagine, are interested in the things that really matter: health, fecundity, and a positive self-image. In the end, their culture is far less so an artificial one because the exigencies of daily living in a part of the world where drought and pestilence can rear up at any moment have made Gambian women appreciate that only those who never have to fear going without can actually afford to make the bizarre choice of going without."
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Female Indian Presidents, 2008.
An analysis of the many ways in which a female president can potentially symbolize, and surely encourage, female empowerment in India.
2,308 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a number of issues in Indian society that will perplex even a female head of government. Specifically, time is devoted to looking at the foreign policy issue of immigrant Indian women abuse in America (perpetrated by spouses who are citizens or permanent residents of that country) and why a female leader could surely do no worse than her male predecessors. From there, the paper examines how social justice concerns may finally muscle their way to the forefront of Indian politics. The paper also devotes time to looking at the impetus a female leader might give to political representation initiatives aimed at providing women more seats in the national parliament after generations of marginalization.
From the Paper
"To start with, a female president can begin pushing for changes that will help address women's issues long ignored by male politicians; needless to say, these changes can also be changes in how India approaches other lands on various issues. For example, many Conditional Residency Status Immigrant Women who marry men classified as United States citizens or as permanent residents of America enjoy what is commonly known as "conditional residency" for 24 months. These women must file a joint application to get their condition lifted 90 days before the 24 month period expires. In the case of women who find themselves trapped in abusive relationships, the spouse almost invariably refuses to participate in a joint application. "
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Intercultural Communication, 2008.
This paper focuses on the communication lessons learned from the film "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan".
1,674 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the film "Borat" that portrays a series of encounters between an individual, Borat, and people in the United States. The paper looks at issues of intercultural communication, how sex, gender and power are manifested in verbal behavior and how gender or culture influence non-verbal behavior. The paper also shows how the film illustrates the communication problems and cultural errors that result from using a second language. Additionally, the paper discusses how the film reveals that communication is affected by the tendency of people to hear what they want to hear and to only approve of what they want to hear.
From the Paper
"Intercultural communication is a major issue in the literature on communication and is emphasized in part as a way of training people to understand one another and to communicate in a way that is accepted by others. Many parts of the world today are becoming more alike because of the prevalence of media that exposes everyone to elements of different cultures, though even then, misunderstandings can abound because of a failure to understands and account for real differences in perception and meaning. Some of these problems can be seen illustrated in the film Borat."
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Bronte and Chopin's Nineteenth Century Women, 2008.
A look at Charlotte Bronte's "Jane Eyre" and Kate Chopin's "The Awakening" and how both novels show that society of the nineteenth century was not an egalitarian society.
1,645 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the role of feminism in the depiction of Jane Eyre in Charlotte Bronte's "Jane Eyre" and Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopin's "The Awakening", as women that are ability to rise above the expectations of a patriarchal society and become determined independent women.
From the Paper
"Similar to the depiction of Bertha in Jane Eyre, Edna's new independence makes her husband question her sanity. Luckily for Edna the doctor that Leonce visits on behalf of his wife understands the path that Edna is on and explains to Leonce in simple terms that she is fickle and her bizarre mood is part of being a woman. Leonce seems able to accept this definition for his wife's behavior and settles back into his life and work willing to wait for Edna to become the oppressed prudish woman he married."
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Caribbean Female Sex Work, 2008.
Looks at female prostitution as sex work in Caribbean countries.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in various Caribbean countries, women have very few ways of supporting their families and thereby capitalizing on their sexuality through sex work is within their conformist respectable cultures. The author points out that most North American and European female prostitutes are motivated by their heroin and crack cocaine addictions; whereas, Caribbean prostitutes or sex workers are prompted by the opportunity to make a livable wage. The paper stresses that these Caribbean sex workers recognize their right to political activism as women to be taken seriously in tourist economies, which require their labor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Victims versus Survivors
Sex Economics
Gaps between Sex Trade Workers and Observers
Caribbean, not Western Sex Work
Race and Caribbean Sex Work
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Caribbean prostitution points to more than differing ideas on sexuality's importance in the Caribbean culture zone and can remind of a "racialized relation of power and resistance" at local as much as global levels. Caribbean women are absolutely aware of the obstacles of sexism, racism of different kinds, and bleak economic prospects. Observers tending to pit respectable Caribbean cultures and their expectations of women against women of classes involved in prostitution need to explore again for women who take up sex work see very clearly local social and political orders divided by class."
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Sexuality in "A Passage to India", 2008.
A look at how E.M. Forster's book, "A Passage to India", demonstrates how sexuality influences relationships and situations in society.
1,039 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper is an examination of the meaning of sexuality, the mystery that surrounds it in behavioral situations and the type of people involved, as ascribed to the characters in E.M. Forster's book, "A Passage to India". The tender subject of inter race relations with respect to sexuality is also clearly demonstrated in this review.
From the Paper
"Aziz also manages to develop a casual platonic friendship with one of the main female characters, Adela, because he finds her not only sexually unattractive but even plain and ugly. A telling scene is one between Aziz and protagonist Fielding, who discuss whether they are attracted to Adela. Aziz rejects her soundly based on her physical plainness, whereas Fielding dislikes her priggish intellectual interest in India. (Aziz is sexually motivated; Fielding is not.) Aziz moreover feels he can talk to Adela as a man - not a common attitude of men towards women at the turn of the last century, but one Aziz employs because of his tendency to equate femininity with sexuality and beauty. However, Aziz is not socially insensible, and he realizes that a proposed visit to Marabar Caves with Adela would be problematic, he being widowed and she being engaged. This attention to social mores indicates how sexually frigid people were in the early 1900s, regardless of race. A man and a woman who are not married should not be seen walking together in public; social mores are so strong on this matter that even Aziz, who can barely see Adela as a sexual object, realizes this. "
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Middle Age Women in the Workforce, 2008.
A commentary on the reasons why so many women, particularly in their mature years are seeking employment today.
1,043 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper is an observation analysis as to why we find women in the workforce today. The paper explains the reasons for this phenomena and continues by highlighting how effectiveness and usefulness alters with the progression of age. The paper utilizes a specific example and follows the work cycle as this person increases in age.
Outline:
Introduction
Findings/observations
Critical analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dolly has worked at the same restaurant for 18 years. Her shift use to be 6-11pm, but she no longer feels comfortable driving home so late so Dolly asked for her shift to be 4-9pm. Dolly also no longer is able to work 5 nights a week like she did for 12 years. Her back became arthritic and the pain of working 5 shifts is too much for her to handle--she asked to be cut down to 4, then 3 and just yesterday she asked for only 2 shifts a week. The other girls she was hired with are still physically able to work their 5 shifts, but have cut back along with Dolly for other reasons such as babysitting grandchildren, no longer need the money, no longer need the social aspect, managers are too young and inexperienced and etc. Physically they are all fine, but a car accident Dolly had in her mid-twenties has caused arthritis in her joints and swelling to some discs in her back between her shoulder blades. Dolly still needs the money--her husband died 8 years ago of a fatal heart attack and financially they were not prepared."
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Article: Pamela S. Haag's "'The Real Thing'", 2008.
A reflection on an article by Pamela S. Haag "'The Real Thing': Ideologies of Love, Modern Romance and Women's Sexual Subjectivity in the United States, 1920-40".
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the ideological point made in Pamela S. Haag's article "'The Real Thing': Ideologies of Love, Modern Romance and Women's Sexual Subjectivity in the United States, 1920-40" is correct. The author points out that Haag is saying that the subjective self is not an independent construct, but rather reflects the choices available in the surrounding political and social discourses. The paper claims that this becomes apparent when considering the world as a whole and the dominance of the capitalist discourse. The author stresses that fortunately discourses do change, which is abundantly clear when considering how women heroes have been warmly welcomed recently in popular films and television texts. The paper underscores that these female heroes are opening up new vistas of subjective possibilities for girls and women.
From the Paper
"For example, 1979 saw the arrival of the first popular female action hero, as Sigourney Weaver (playing Warrant Officer Ellen Ripley) bravely confronted terrifying alien creatures in the hugely successful science fiction film, "Alien". Then Ripley came back and kicked more alien butt in 1986, and again in 1992, and even rose from the dead to do it one more time, in 1997. And in this fourth reprise, Ripley's significant other (or close approximation thereof) was a female robot, played winningly by Winona Ryder."
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Civil Rights, 2008.
This paper describes the history of civil rights in the United States for blacks, women and gay men and women.
992 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how great strides have been made regarding civil rights in the US since the inception of the idea in the 1940s. The paper relates that although racism has not been totally eradicated, in the eyes of the law today every race is equal and constitutionally protected. The paper then focuses on the 1960s as a decade that interests the author in terms of issues, events and experiences and on the 1980s as a decade that least interests him. The paper also discusses how the United States has experienced the most change in its culture, becoming more gender equal.
From the Paper
"Civil rights became an issue of concern in the 1940s when President Harry S. Truman made it the main focus of his fighting liberal program and even championed a bill that would end racial discrimination in the military. However, Truman backed down from this platform after he endured a wave of political backlash from those who feared the program: mainly southern politicians.
"In the 1950s, the National Association of Colored People (NAACP) emerged, led by Reverend George W. Lee. The group was formed to encourage blacks to use their voting power and their civil rights to enact change in society. However, at the time, fervent opposition and violence met the NAACP and Reverend Lee was murdered in 1955 Mississippi because of his efforts."
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Critical Review of Two Books on Women's Suffrage, 2008.
An analysis and comparison of "Women, Politics and Media: Uneasy Relations in Comparative Perspective" by Karen Ross and "Women, Power, and Politics" by Margaret Stacey and Marion Price.
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts "Women, Politics and Media: Uneasy Relations in Comparative Perspective" by Karen Ross and "Women, Power, and Politics" by Margaret Stacey and Marion Price. It discusses how the books both deal with the issue of women's political roles (or lack thereof). The paper concludes that despite their differences, both books will be of interest to feminist scholars, though for different reasons.
From the Paper
"Both of these books will be of interest to many feminist scholars, particularly those interested in the progress of women in the political sphere. Both are therefore highly recommended. However, for the reader or student with a fairly broad interest in the subject, Stacey and Price's book will be more useful, as it provides an extremely insightful overview of the subject area. Moreover, the fact that they challenge several conventional notions means that the book makes for thought-provoking reading. On the other hand, Ross's book will probably be of more limited appeal, focusing as it does on a more narrow area of the broad subject matter of women in politics. Finally, Stacey and Price (1981) is a substantially more pleasant read, in that it takes a positive view and is optimistic. Ross (2002), by contrast, is positively depressing. One ends up feeling almost hopeless for the future of democracy. Therefore, although these are both good books and impressive works of scholarship, if you have time to read just one of these books, I would strongly recommend you choose Stacey and Price's book."
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS in Africa, 2008.
A research proposal to look into the transmission of AIDS from mothers to their babies.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal on the topic of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of AIDS in Africa. It includes information regarding effective ways to prevent MTCT, and highlights the sad truth that these methods are under-utilized, and that women in Africa are often powerless to protect themselves from and their unborn children from the virus.
Outline:
Background/Rationale
Objectives
Methodology
Expected Outcomes
From the Paper
"In addition, AIDS in Africa is mainly heterosexually transmitted, and is more associated with poverty than with any particular sexual preference. Experts speculate that this may be partly due to the fact that poverty in Africa is all too often accompanied by untreated sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). These STDs can lead to lesions in the genital region, and the lesions allow for easier transmission of the HIV virus. Because AIDS in Africa is about poverty, it should be addressed with social programs. And as social programs should be based on sound research, the more research that is done on this topic, the better (Barnett and Whiteside, 2002)."
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