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Human Rights as an Internal Affair, 2008.
This paper argues that human rights are not an internal state affair and rejects that attempting to impose universal human rights is simply Western cultural imperialism.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This essay argues that there are such things as universal human rights, and that when one state violates these, other states have a legitimate reason to raise appeal. The essay states that this can give rise to a tension between state autonomy and universal rights, however, it argues that this possibility must be endured, for the alternative is to allow people to be abused. Moreover, the paper asserts that there are practical steps that could be taken to encourage sovereign states to acknowledge universal human rights.
From the Paper
"The only difference between those who argued against suffrage in the West or against same-sex marriage in Canada, and those who today argue in favour of genital mutilation in Nigeria, is that the Western defenders of sexism and heterosexism claimed to speak for all of humanity, and for God, while the minorities claim only to speak for themselves, and sometimes for their own God - and of course, for "their women." The principle is the same - invoking culture, God, nature or tradition to justify oppression of women or other minorities, and in this way attempting to maintain the status quo. That argument was overcome in England and in Canada, and it should be overcome in non-Western nations too. Moreover, it is argued that if this poses some slight risk to the autonomy of some individual nations, then so be it. National autonomy should not extend to the point of giving ruling groups the right of torture, murder, mutilation or any other kind of violent abuse against individual human beings - not even if they are women or children!"
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Childhood in "Girl with a Pearl Earring"., 2008.
An overview of the novel "Girl with a Pearl Earring" by Tracy Chevalier.
1,243 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an account of the book "Girl with a Pearl Earring" by Tracy Chevalier, describing some of the experiences of children in this novel and explaining the factors that influenced their treatment. The author then continues to compare the experiences of these children to today's childhood. In addition, based on the evidence, she draws a conclusion about the value of studying the past and comparing it to the present.
From the Paper
"This novel presents an interesting comparison between the lives of children in wealthy homes and in poor homes in seventeenth century Delft. Griet at 16 is young enough to remember her happier childhood with her brother and her sister. However, Griet is also old enough when her father loses his eyes to a kiln accident to realize that her chance for a better future rests on her making a good marriage. Those chances are seriously reduced when she has to go clean house to help help her family. Griet living elsewhere will reduce the reduce the strain on her family's ability to support itself, but the eight stuivers that she makes each day will also provide financial assistance (Chevalier 6-8). Griet is not the only child who is working in the family, however. Her brother, Frans, is also employed as an apprentice at the age of thirteen. Clearly the apprenticeship was not a result of the accident, given that their father had "saved hard to pay the apprentice fee" and had planned to set up a tile factory with his son (Chevalier 10)."
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Infanticide: Overview and Analysis, 2008.
The author of this paper discusses both the social consequences of infanticide in traditional third world countries and the social acceptability of neonatal euthanasia in Western cultures.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the social consequences that will result in traditional third world countries from gender imbalance due to a bias in male children, sex-selective abortion and female infanticide. Furthermore, the paper discusses the modern Western issue of the killing of infants who suffer from incurable illnesses. Specifically, the paper assesses the social acceptability of some nations in Western Europe that have in recent years attempted to enact legal protocols for neonatal euthanasia, by which the most severely ill infants may legally be killed following consultation between physicians, parents, and authorities.
From the Paper
"In contrast to the problem of mass, sex-selective infanticide in traditional cultures, in the West the issue of the killing of infants who suffer from incurable illnesses has recently arisen. It is important to clearly distinguish such euthanasia from infanticide proper, although opponents of such euthanasia are likely to argue that the distinction is not valid ("Outrage," 2004). In fact, euthanasia of both the elderly, the incurably ill, and infants (especially newborns) with incurable illnesses has taken place as long in Western nations as it has in other cultures, but only in recent years has it become a matter of controversy. One example of the controversy coming into a public debate is in the Netherlands, where in 2002, medical doctors from the University of Groningen working in cooperation with state prosecutors worked out what has come to be known as the Groningen Protocol, a set of guidelines for physicians treating severely ill infants who may not be capable of survival. According to these laws, physicians, in consultation with the infant's parents, social workers, and prosecutors, have the prerogative of making a decision concerning euthanasia in select and clearly limited situations. Of approximately 200,000 children born in the Netherlands annual, it is estimated that 600 of the most severely ill may be subject to physician-assisted euthanasia (Verhagen & Sauer, 2005). Whether this new attitude toward neonatal euthanasia will prevail and become more widely accepted remains to be seen."
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African-American Women and Drug Trafficking, 2008.
This paper explores the relationship between African-American women and the selling of drugs.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the observation that young African-American women have a higher proclivity to sell drugs than other races such as their young Caucasian counterparts. The paper examines studies that shows this relationship between at risk behaviors and young African-American women. The paper also looks at research that explores how early adolescence affects African-American women later in adulthood insofar as drug-related problems are concerned. The paper discusses a proposed study that will determine the degree to which poverty and economic related circumstances contribute to drug trafficking in a specific urban center among the young African-American female population.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Methodology
From the Paper
"This research project is designed to identify the primary factors related to the high incidence rate of young African American women who commonly sell drugs or engage in drug trafficking activity in the nation's urban centers. The working hypothesis states that poverty and related economic factors directly impact the study populations' proclivity to engage in drug trafficking as an economic alternative. While this might seem criminally obvious, there are social and cultural implications related to the study outcomes which the criminal justice system must learn to accommodate for such as devising adequate drug treatment programs for repeat offenders that better assess and target the contributing behaviors (Laudet, Cleland, Magura, Vogel & Knight, 2004). "
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Job Growth in Uncommon Professions, 2008.
This paper discusses job growth in uncommon professions and takes a look into professions in the 21st century.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that there has been a significant shift in the rise of needed professions in the 21st century, from those that have been traditionally required by society to those that are now essential for the future. The writer notes that because of the increased demand on the medical profession by baby boomers, the health care industry is calling for added medical assistants. Furthermore, the writer points out that Network Systems Data Communication Analysts have grown in importance because of their ability to provide computer system and network security at a time when national security is a primary focus in the United States. There is also an increasing demand for, as they focus on the environmental concerns in relation to water that will sustain life on the surface of the earth. The writer concludes that these professions, although not commonly considered in society, will play an important role in meeting social, scientific and security needs well into this century.
From the Paper
"Yet, this increase in need has been supported by the fact that by 2010 there will exist the largest elderly population that the United States has ever known through the baby boomer generation. Over 71 million Americans will be age 65 or over and this population will tax the health care industry as never before.
"To accommodate this need the nursing profession is one that is becoming more specialized and that offers professional nurses an opportunity to manage patient cases, write prescriptions and supervise a health care team. This new nursing scope also addresses the decreased number of physicians in the nation, allowing nurses to be the primary medial authority in a patient's life. However, Medical Assistants have not had this type of focus, nor has their function within the health care community been defined as well for the public as other well understood professions."
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Social Work: A Reflection Paper, 2008.
A review of an online article about social work and the repercussions of a professional who failed to provide an adequate response.
1,169 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews an article found online at politics.co.uk that discusses the admonition given to a social care worker in Great Britain who failed to respond properly to an emergency health issue. The paper also looks at the ethical and professional issues that social workers must deal with when "on the job". It concludes by reiterating the importance of social workers and why precisely such tough sanctions must be in place.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the particulars of the aforementioned article need to be outlined. To wit, the article revolves around a meeting of the Conduct Committee of the General Social Care Council (GSCC) of the United Kingdom that decided the fate of a social worker from Newcastle-upon-Tyne who allegedly breached the code of practice for social care workers. The individual in question acknowledged that she failed to respond to an emergency situation in which a service user required immediate assistance. Compounding the situation, the social worker also acknowledged that she had failed to inform emergency services of the service user's mental health history; to this unhappy omission it must also be added that the social worker, one Ms. Baxter, also did not inform her employer of what had transpired. The Conduct Committee took into account Ms. Baxter's admissions of impropriety and pointed out that the professional standing before them had freely taken responsibility for her shortcomings. Ultimately, after some deliberation, it was decided that an admonishment should be placed on Ms. Baxter's entry to the professional register for three years. At the same time, Ms. Baxter, like all registrants, was given the right to appeal her sentence to the independent Care Standards Tribunal. Before drawing this brief summary to a close, it is worth mentioning that the article concludes by briefly quoting the comments of GSCC chair, Rodney Brooke, on the matter as well as devoting a few sentences to describing the GSCC Conduct Committee in broad terms ("GSCC: Social worker admonished following conduct hearing in London," para.1-11). Suffice it to say, the article is crisply-written and unadorned in its delineation of the circumstances surrounding the case."
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Uninsured Families in America, 2008.
This paper discusses the gaps in health insurance coverage in the United States, particularly affecting low socioeconomic status families and individuals.
2,220 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the gaps in health insurance coverage for families as a significant health care problem in America. The author goes on to assess that these problems are experienced mostly by impoverished immigrants and minorities in the form of dissatisfaction with services, barriers in enrolling themselves or their children due to legal or political "fallout" from adapted U.S. foreign policy or incompatible cultural health beliefs. Furthermore, the paper shows that these issues present themselves in worsened health and increased risk for the uninsured. Lastly, the paper states that culturally sensitive initiatives must be established.
Outline:
Population Description
Significance of the Problem
Related Health and Social Problems
Evaluation of Current Strategies
Ethical Implications of Current Strategies
Proposed Community and Public Health Nursing Interventions
From the Paper
"Flores, Abreu and Tomany-Korman (2006) identified risk factors that made a child more likely to be uninsured in interviews conducted among 1,100 parents, of which 900 were of Latino ethnicity. The probable factors studied included having older children with a mean age of 9 years, being poor (income < $20,000 per annum), possessing a limited English proficiency, being non-U.S. citizens and if both parents were employed. It is of significant note that ethnicity was not a factor (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.49-1.81) with regard to child's age (1.11; 1.07-1.15), documented (1.96; 1.09-3.53) or undocumented (6.06; 3.22-11.4) immigrant status, two working parents (2.08; 1.01-4.29) and income $15,000-19,999 per annum (1.84; 1.13-3.00) (Flores, Abreu & Tomany-Korman, 2006). Nonetheless, apart from income, immigration status and plan ineligibility and the availability of state-funded health insurance, cultural aspects regarding health beliefs need to be factored in, especially with regard to delayed or not seeking medical treatment in times of need and the absence of a regular primary care physician (Greenwald, O'Keefe & DiCamillo, 2005; Flores, Abreu & Tomany-Korman, 2006; Shone, Dick, Brach, Kimminau, LaClair, Shenkman et al, 2006)."
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Two Christian Churches, 2008.
This paper compares the Church of Christ Church and the Assembly of God Church (AOG).
2,695 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the philosophical foundations, the biblical and doctrinal emphases, historical developments, and the attitudes and teachings suffusing the Church of Christ Church and the Assembly of God Church (AOG). The author points out that, while the two churches are substantially the same, there appears to be at least one significant doctrinal difference between them. The paper relates that the AOG seems to have a measure of theological and doctrinal confidence that bodes well for its future; whereas, the history of the Church of Christ suggests latent factionalism and less willingness to "proselytize" the masses. The author concludes that, ultimately, a case can be made that this position makes the Church of Christ weaker than its AOG counterpart.
From the Paper
"Briefly, it is vital to review the attitudes and teachings of the two churches. The Church of Christ takes the position that the Bible is infallible, that the Immaculate Reception really did occur, that there is no such thing as predestination (individuals determine their own salvation), that baptism is only rightly done if done via immersion, that only God should hear prayers (there is no confession as there is in the Roman Catholic Church, in other words), and that there is no such thing as purgatory."
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Media, Sex and Teens, 2008.
This paper discusses how the media affects adolescent girls, in particular as it relates to the subject of sex.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the media affects adolescent girls by making them more interested in sex and sexuality. It also affects the choices that teen adolescent girls make about sex and sexuality. The writer discusses that the messages that all types of media are sending out to our youth is shaping a generation whether we want to believe it or not. The writer notes that media's original purpose was to inform and entertain. As the technology in media grew so did society's dependence on the media. There was a time that media was a teacher and in many ways it still is. However, the writer questions whether the message being taught is what we want our children to learn. This paper examines some of the messages that media is sending out to teenage girls about their bodies and their sexuality.
Outline:
Introduction
How Teens Choose and Use Media
Selection
Interaction
Application
Television
Television Talk Shows
Teen Girls and Women Magazines
Movies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sexuality and sexual action is another area that when it is portrayed in the media as having no consequences is not a reality and has serious societal ramifications for teenage girls and boys. The media in any form whether it be music videos, computer games of advertisements can provide a good or bad message. Who is in control of determining if the message from media is good or bad? Just like watching what their children eat parents are responsible for the message teen girls hear from the media."
"During prime-time the televisions shows teens watch most frequently are full of talk about and depictions of sexual activity. Most of the sexual content on television is from characters discussing their own or others' current or future sexual activity. The idea of sexual risk or responsibility, however, is almost never talked about or shown."
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Multicultural Education as an Academic Discipline, 2008.
An analysis of the inherent conflict always present between democracy and diversity and the need for multicultural education in schools.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of teaching multicultural education as an academic discipline. The paper discusses the inherent conflict always present between democracy and diversity and how this is present in the United States. It suggests that American students are not aware of the problems and that multicultural education therefore must be taught from a young age.
From the Paper
"An example might be an activity like that described by Callazos, Guerrero and Pino in Knowledge Construction Awareness. In the activity students must work cooperatively to find their way out of a labyrinth. (Collazos, et. al.) Knowledge Construction Awareness Success is based on developing blind trust and working cooperatively. In this convergent activity students must trust. The common experience of playing the game together can lead to trust - as a first step toward accepting diversity.
"This activity is also an example of Progressive and Constructionist pedagogy. Curricular 'Constructionists' seek to have students construct their own knowledge based on experience, rather than by 'telling' students what they should know or believe."
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Multicultural Teaching, 2008.
This paper discusses the debate about the precise role of multicultural educational programs for teachers.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at an argument that urban schools, which tend to be the most culturally diverse, tend to be more economically disadvantaged than suburban schools. The paper also discusses the assertions that teachers can find themselves with a hierarchically-imposed curriculum and student testing standards that conflicts with a training where innovation, active participation and broader social contexts are taken into consideration. The paper concludes that teachers should see the concept of multicultural education as an integral foundation for their teaching.
From the Paper
"The role of multicultural education in terms of teacher training is one that has certainly evolved over the years. From starting out as a simple acknowledgement that teachers throughout the school system should have some basic familiarity with the diverse backgrounds of their students, it has grown into a more complex and more comprehensive series of philosophies, concepts and pedagogical methodologies to enable teachers to much more effectively reach students from a wide variety of cultural backgrounds. This growth is welcome as the numbers and proportion of children from minority and/or multicultural backgrounds has continued to increase in school districts across the country, instilling more urgency and immediacy into the task of multicultural teacher training, especially given the downward trending of student achievement scores in some areas (Duarte.) As might be expected, this phenomenon has also created some points of disagreement about the precise role of multicultural educational programs for teachers."
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The Evolution of Sexual Attraction, 2008.
This paper discusses the motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that successful copulation and reproduction has been propagated by the human species for millions of years. The writer points out that this process has been studied and researched for centuries to determine the physiological and psychological motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction. The field of evolutionary psychology has attempted to do so, and derives evidence from psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, comparative zoology, sociology, behavioral genetics, and many other fields. The writer discusses that through such studies, more insight may be gained as to sexual attraction, mate choices, and social decisions regarding sex and relationship between men and women. The writer maintains that there is no doubt that human beings will continue mating and reproducing, yet the whole process continues to have a mysterious aura surrounding it. The writer then concludes that although study after study has been conducted, the physiological and psychological motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction are still elusive.
Outline:
Introduction
Evolutionary Function of Orgasms
What Men and Women Find Attractive
Social vs. Sexual Attraction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This modern day psychology of the human male is no doubt an offshoot from his male ancestors who were physiologically urged to over-reproduce to insure survival of the species.
"Women, on the other hand, do not appear to have such a physiological or psychological need to procreate with multiple males, as women do not compete with other female ova during sexual encounters. Therefore, short-term sexual partners for women may function only to evaluate possible long-term mates, and serve more of a social function whether than a sexual or reproductive one."
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Online Dating, 2008.
This paper discusses how online dating has changed the nature of social interaction.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer asserts that online dating has drastically changed the nature of social interaction in our modern society. Specifically, the writer notes that online dating has made it easier than in the past to lie about oneself, just as it has made it easier to find someone from someplace far away - albeit these kinds of relationships can bring their own problems. Proceeding further, the writer maintains that online dating has empowered socially dysfunctional types, has made the cultivation of traditional social skills less needed than in the past and it has brought young people into closer proximity with predators. All in all, the writer concludes that the Internet has brought many benefits to many people - but, like many innovations, its legacy is not a wholly happy one.
From the Paper
"One of the key impacts of technology - chiefly communication technology - in the last century has been that the world has been brought closer together. Television, the arrival of the mobile phone, the advent of the fax machine and, of course, the internet - all of these items have given people in different, remote geographic locations the ability to interact with others. In the particular case of online dating, the "pool" of potential mates is much larger than ever before. To wit, where once someone might be mostly confined to the local community when it came to seeking out a desirable partner, now an internet-savvy individual can, quite literally, scour the globe. Suffice it to say, this probably means, in the end, more "mixed" relationships between people of different races and ethnicities, and it also means more cross-cultural tensions; after all, different cultures have different expectations for men and women, and the clash between these opposing viewpoints can debilitate a fledgling marriage or partnership. Ultimately, new technologies - like online dating - gives people more options, but it also means they are confronted with challenges that their parents and grandparents really did not have to deal with."
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The Effects of Shoplifting on Society, 2008.
This paper assesses the effects and consequences of shoplifting from the personal view of the author.
1,633 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the societal costs of shoplifting and how it effects everyone involved, regardless of whether it is the consumer, the store employees, other shoppers, loved ones of the shoplifter or the shoplifter him or herself. The paper also discusses both the legal and social consequences of shoplifting. The author then asserts that ultimately, society must instruct children on the dangers of shoplifting.
From the Paper
"Besides the tangible costs to society and the personal embarrassment that arises from shoplifting (even unintentional shoplifting), this activity hurts those working within the store on a bunch of different levels. A supervisor or employee who has something stolen from within his or her department feels embarrassment, too, and that discomfort is often accompanied by a sense of violation. For instance, if you have spent hour upon hour organizing your little section of the store, cataloguing everything, making sure that the prices are correct and that nothing is damaged during the course of a long day, then discovering that an item has been taken without payment is a little like having something taken from your own home. I am grateful that I have never had to go through something like this at my job, but I know people who have and I know how hurt they feel - and how they keep themselves awake at night wondering if they could have done something to prevent the situation from happening."
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Privacy and Surveillance, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of privacy and surveillance and discusses where and how we should draw the line between them.
2,505 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer argues that privacy is very important in a liberal, democratic state and that it should be extended to the fullest practicable extent. At the same time, the writer also maintains that privacy concerns have to be balanced against the understandable need to protect others in society - this is especially true in a day and age of global terrorism. As a result of all this, the writer proposes that one should draw the line on surveillance in the following way: In the public space one should permit video surveillance, visual surveillance, and intermittent "checks" on employees just as long as the surveillance adheres to the standard of reasonableness articulated by the United States Supreme Court in "O'Connor v. Ortega". Turning to the private sphere, the writer holds that the much tougher standard of probable cause should be employed when it comes to watching and/or searching a citizen's private dwelling. A significant component of this paper is also set aside to looking at different types of surveillance approaches or activities and when and where each one is defensible - and when and where each one is not. The writer concludes that society does itself a grave injury by not ensuring that the prying eyes of the government cannot intrude into the inner sanctum of our lives.
From the Paper
"For one thing, the more traditional Fourth Amendment warrant and probable-cause requirements - requirements that permitted law enforcement searches of the personal possessions of private citizens - should really only apply in instances where a private dwelling is being searched or a personal vehicle is being searched; in cases where it is a desk or file or locker at a place of business, "reasonableness" alone is sufficient because the smooth operation of the workplace demands that investigations be launched periodically when an employee's performance or conduct is damaging to the organization. Additionally, when people enter someone else's private dwelling, they usually do so because they have been invited into that dwelling; to simply invite oneself in is, of course, tantamount to criminal trespass. Conversely, when people enter a public space to work, they are not doing so of their own volition but because they have a contractual obligation to do so; in other words, if they decline to appear (enter into that public space) for work without a legitimate reason (such as illness) or without proper notification, they run the risk of being ejected from their position. Because other people have to be present, a safety issue inevitably comes into play in public spaces - one that demands reasonable precautions be undertaken by management to protect others from possible harm."
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Emotional Child Abuse, 2008.
This paper focuses on the problem of emotional child abuse, while looking at the issue of child abuse in general.
2,640 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines child abuse as a whole, as well as emotional child abuse specifically. Different kinds of emotional abuse are examined, as well as the characteristics of the families that are prone to such abuse. In addition, this paper describes the impact that child abuse has on children and on society at large. Finally, potential treatment and prevention is suggested. The writer concludes that emotional abuse is a serious problem that requires society to further study this form of abuse and find more effective methods for its prevention and treatment.
Outline:
Definition of Child Abuse
Different Kinds of Emotional Child Abuse
Identifying Emotional Child Abuse
The Impact of Child Abuse
Prevention
Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One thing that makes child abuse difficult to treat or to prevent is that it is usually a recurring event. Given its prevalence across societal boundaries, it is also apparent that child abuse has few factors that assist in predicting the homes in which it will occur. That is, child abuse is equally prevalent in all economic, ethnic, and racial groups, which makes identification of abusive households difficult. However, domestic violence and child abuse are often paired; it is in such households that emotional abuse is the side effect of spousal physical or emotional abuse. For this reason, it is safe to conclude that parents are often the emotional abusers, which may differentiate emotional abuse somewhat from physical or sexual abuse. However, if a child tells a parent of abuse that has occurred, or if a parent becomes aware of abuse occurring in other environments, then he or she has a legal obligation to report the incident(s) to the proper authorities."
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