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Sister Callista Roy, 2008. This paper discusses the adaptation model of Sister Callista Roy. 1,476 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer explains that the adaptation model of Sister Callista Roy classifies and defines human beings as behaving according to a series of adaptive models. The writer notes that the system does not reduce human beings to a series of medical functions, but it embraces the scientific concept of the organism reacting to internal and external stimuli to acknowledge that psychological and sociological, as well as physical influences impact a state of wellness. The writer maintains that despite Roy's vocation as a nun as well as a nurse, in what one might think of as a contemplative life located in the values of another time, Roy's 20th century model is helpful to people living in the modern era because of its emphasis on how to deal with environmental stressors. The writer concludes that whether it is a picture of reality is perhaps less important in that our society sees change and self-concept as critical, and thus this has created a reality that makes the Roy Adaptation Model an effective conceptual model for nurses.
Outline:
Introduction: Classification of Theory, Brief Description, and Continued Relevance
Biography: Education, Preparation and Professional Experience
Theoretical Sources
Major Concepts and Definitions
Major Assumptions
Utilization: Education, Research, and Practice
Evaluation: Simplicity, Generality, and a "Picture of Reality"?
From the Paper "In Roy's Adaptation Model, health is defined as a state of adaptation that is a result of adapting successfully with stressors. It is part of a process of responding positively to environmental changes and to successful coping with stressors and environmental changes. For example, a healthy person might respond positively to the stressor of going for a run by physically feeling a rush of endorphins and by feeling more energized and limber afterwards. Illness, in contrast, is defined as ineffective coping with stressors, like a patient who falls ill because of a socially imposed need to sleep less to meet a deadline. Both health and illness are not defined in black and white terms, rather both exist on a continuum from death toward adaptation Roy defines the environment in terms of the individual's external surroundings and influences that affect a person's development and adaptation towards a state of health or illness."
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'Tobacco Road', 2008. This paper provides a review of the book 'Tobacco Road' by Erskine Caldwell. 2,835 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 107.95 »
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Abstract In this essay, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the book "Tobacco Road," by Erskine Caldwell. Specifically, the writer discusses the author's life and its effect on his writing of "Tobacco Road". Further, the writer provides criticisms of the novel and looks at the novel's place in literary history. The writer notes that "Tobacco Road" is probably one of the most enduring glimpses into a tragic part of America's history that has ever been written. The writer explains that profiling a poor white family from Georgia, it encapsulates the poverty and hunger these people faced, while using dark humor and pathos to portray the tragedy of their lives, and the gradual decline of any decency in their spirit. The paper includes over 10 pages of copied critiques on this subject.
Outline:
Introduction
Tobacco Road
References
From the Paper "It seems the only one with any sense at all in the family is Pearl, and she has enough sense to want to get out and go to Augusta. She is also the most unusual character in the novel - she never speaks, and refuses to sleep with her husband, Lov. Early in the novel, the reader discovers Jeeter is not her father, and this explains why she is different, and why she wants to leave the area. Everyone else in the novel seems a bit dazed by what happens around them, just as Lov is dazed when he loses the turnips. Caldwell gives a sense of unreality to the novel, as if things are happing around the characters, and they do not understand why they happen, or how everything relates to them and their lives. It is as if they are walking through life - seeing it but not really taking part.
"Jeeter uses his children to further himself, no matter how shocking this may be. He sold Pearl to Lov for seven dollars and some household items, and is absolutely enthralled with Ellie May's sexual seduction of Lov so Jeeter can grab the turnips. He also in effect sells his son Dude to Sister Bessie Rice for a car and the chance to get his firewood to market. Jeeter is always full of hope, but he is so scheming and lazy he can never get past the hoping stage."
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Feminism in 21st Century Europe, 2008. This paper discusses the relevance and purpose of feminism in modern Europe . 2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 87.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that feminism today tends to be focused on intellectualizing the position of women in society. The writer points out that while still working in a concrete fashion in order to secure gender equality, feminism has also penetrated areas of intellectual endeavor such as theory of literature and philosophy. The writer discusses that despite the very prominent position of feminism in a wide variety of intellectual and social areas, some hold that the paradigm is no longer relevant, particularly in advanced locations such as the United States, and particularly in Europe. On the other hand, it is the position of some theorists that feminism today is more relevant than ever, exactly because of appearances to the contrary. The writer maintains that despite the voices of dissent, it is clear that feminism still has a variety of roles to play in the EU today. Feminism is also relevant in terms of the international effort towards equal and human rights for all. As such, the writer notes that EU countries can concentrate their collective efforts towards the developing world in ensuring the empowerment of women. The writer concludes that feminism in any environment, including the EU, will not be obsolete for centuries to come.
From the Paper "One of the reasons for the apparent irrelevance of feminism in modern Europe is the fact that equal rights have become a reality in almost every area of Western social life. Women are recognized as capable of filling any position they choose, and are provided by law with the right to receive equal pay for such work. In society, the modern Western woman is no longer expected to revolve her purpose in life around marriage, children, and homemaking, while on the other hand nothing prevents her from choosing to do so. Because all these rights have been secured for women, some theorists believe that feminism is no longer necessary, and indeed, no longer has a purpose in modern Europe.
"In Ireland, this nearly halted the feminist movement shortly after its inception, when the right to vote was successfully attained. According to Tomas A. O'Riordan, the right to vote was at the center of first-stage feminism to such an extent that it had become the movement's reason for existence."
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Police Use of Force, 2008. This paper reviews and discusses the article "Police Culture and Coercion" by W.Terrill, E.A. Paoline, and P.K. Manning. 750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 33.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the article "Police Culture and Coercion" by Terrill, Paoline, and Manning, and explains that the article is about the possible connection between police culture and coercive tactics or the use of force in performance of police duties. The writer then explains the initial expectations and the findings expressed in the article and then concludes with his own response to the findings of the article.
Outline:
Introduction
Initial Expectations
Experimental Findings
Response
From the Paper "The article accurately described the likely evolution of what it characterized as the traditional mindset reflected universally among police officer, particularly first-line police officers engaged in street patrol. According to the authors, the combined strains associated with police work in the form of perceived threat potential from citizen contacts and arbitrary, unpredictable, and punitive enforcement of procedural rules by superior officers and police administration. Those psychological strains produce an "us against them" mentality with respect to citizens and police administrators alike.
"The authors correctly defined the component elements of the described police mindset in terms of the three main contributing variables of attitude toward the public, attitude toward immediate superiors and police administration, and self-described roles as law enforcement officers. The study effectively limited the effect of extraneous factors by appropriately excluding both working environments where increased vigilance and concern for officer safety are to be expected, as well as issues corresponding to the most likely areas of idiosyncratic prejudices capable of skewing the accuracy and relevance of the results observed."
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Children, TV and Video Games, 2008. This paper looks at the effects of television and video games on children. 3,172 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 116.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer notes that controls are placed on certain products and on advertising when targeted to children. The rules covering these regulations have changed over the yeas, based on perceptions of potential harm to children and the Internet age has raised new issues related to video and computer games, the content of which is often violent. The writer points out that television is a special case because it comes into the home and because controls can be imposed more easily as broadcasters must adhere to the requirement to serve the public in exchange for a license. Today, though, most people get television through cable, with many channels that are specifically for cable, and the same regulations and controls do not apply. The writer explains that this reduces the ability of government to pass and enforce rules on content for children. The writer notes that video and computer games are also widespread, though some regulations have been passed to reduce the ability of children to get such games if they are deemed to be not for children, largely through a ratings system with varying degrees of adherence to imposed norms. The writer maintains that concerned parents still want more rational and more effective controls on such content and a solution to the problem.
From the Paper "Advertising on programs for children has been under fire for many years. Some object to images of violence, as with the sale of war toys or cowboy gear, and others object to unrealistic images of women, exemplified by products like the Barbie doll. Controversy has also centered on the very concept of developing the next generation of consumers, with some seeing television advertising to children as a way of creating a need where none existed and selling products that are not needed while accustoming children to the idea of being consumers. At some level, this can be a more abstract fear, not as clearly tied to a specific product or type of image, but it can be quite persuasive when one consider the number of ads directed at children, the way toys and other products are sold to children, and the way other products are geared to children, such as sugary cereals and soft drinks. Advertising to all markets increases at certain times of the year, notably in the fall into December, with advertising developed for Christmas and the buying season then and after as bargains attract buyers into the new year. An analysis of the commercials directed at a young audience for films, DVDs, and video games shows some of the selling methods and the appeal made to young people as well as the pervasive nature of such advertising messages, increasing as they do during the months before Christmas in order to increase sales of these products."
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Media Influences On Violent/Criminal Behaviour, 2008. An analysis and commentary of various research publications on the influence of the media on criminal behavior. 4,127 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 141.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses various newspaper articles on the influence of violent videos and movies. The paper discusses comments by various authors and researchers who recommend that reseachers study violent people, not the media, to understand them. The paper concludes that the researchers expect that the debate about whether or not media exposure constitutes a significant risk factor for violent behavior, will continue to claim a number of audiences in the future.
Outline:
The Ongoing Debate
Media's Power
Distorted and Troubling Images
Myths and Facts
Gaps in Answers
News Media's Coverage
Portrayal from the Past
Positive Media Impact Potential
From the Paper "Anderson argues that according to a historical assessment of the research, debate regarding whether media exposure constitutes a significant risk factor for aggressive and violent behavior should have been dismissed years ago. (Bushman & Anderson, 2001, cited by Anderson) "After 40+ years of research," Anderson stresses, "one might think that debate about media violence effects would be over. Four types of media violence studies [nevertheless] provide converging evidence of such effects: laboratory experiments, field experiments, cross-sectional correlation studies, and longitudinal studies." Whether the media's power is frail, as noted by Aquino (cited by Simpson) in this paper's introductory quote, or whether the media contributes to challenging concerns regarding criminal/violent behaviour, the question, as noted by Anderson, along with Danl and Vigna in the following excerpt, still merits debate."
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Postpartum Depression Role Attainment, 2008. This paper looks at depression following childbirth, both for women and the families involved. 2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 27 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that postpartum depression is a serious and invasive social problem affecting millions of women and their families every year. The writer notes that it is clear from the research on the subject that postpartum depression is both a biological and an environmental problem that can be successfully treated, if the individual seeks such treatment. The consequences of untreated postnatal depression are broad, as it can affect not only the individual woman but her infant, any children she previously bore and her partner, where one is present as well as extended relations and other social support structure members. This work addresses the issue of postpartum depression and the maternal role attainment, to develop a now suspected link between social and personal stagnation and postpartum depression.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of Literature
Methodology
Sample
Sample Selection
Variable Identification
Data Collection/Data Analysis
Instrumentation
Protection of Subjects
Limitations of Research Design
Expected Results
Summary/Conclusion
From the Paper "Research is conclusive of one fact, and that is that postpartum depression has long term effects, as individuals need but a few weeks to develop a habit, and many habits of child rearing, social inaction and role inaction or negative action can compound to result in long term social and personal stagnation relating to the interruption that this supposedly glorious developmental even creates. The difficulty regarding research is that most research regarding postpartum depression revolves around theses that are interested only in the infant well being, and not so much in the long term or even short term coping of the mother. In fact is often only in extreme high-risk population, such as rape victims, extremely young mothers, or known drug using mothers where the welfare of the mother is not considered the secondary factor to the disorder research. It is also clear form the existing literature that research is often compounded based on the idea that depression, in all its forms is environmental as well as biological and that it needs to be treated with multidimensional treatment plans. Yet, a true long term study regarding post partum depression and long term role attainment by mothers has not been done. It would therefore be prudent to develop a research base that responded to this gap as a way to understand the give and take of role attainment with regard to postpartum depression."
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Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), 2008. A discussion of reactive attachment disorder (RAD). 1,291 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 55.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses reactive attachment disorder (RAD). The paper explains that RAD arises from failure of developing a loving, lasting relationship with an attachment figure. The paper then looks at the two types of RAD - the inhibited and the dis-inhibited types. the paper also points out that adolescents who failed to bond with an attachment figure may also present with problems that reflect an inhibited type of RAD. The paper discusses the several controversies surrounding RAD and concludes that there is a need for the welfare sector to recognize the risks of being institutionalized.
From the Paper "Children who are institutionalized or are adopted often fall deprived of having formed a bonding relationship with their mothers. It has been said that the longer a child is institutionalized, the graver is the child's hunger for affection or withdrawal from others. However, problems of RAD are not exclusive among adopted children. A child who failed to form a concrete bond with his mother may develop RAD. The effects of reactive attachment disorder are often reflected throughout the various stages of one's life. A study involving toddlers less than 48 months old and were maltreated and subsequently placed in foster care showed symptoms of RAD. It revealed that these toddlers present with symptoms of RAD severely. The study also correlated the existence of maternal risks such as psychological problems, age, ethnicity, and history of substance abuse. It was seen that children of these mothers often showed RAD of the inhibited type (Zeanah et al., 2004). It should also be emphasized that these children often experience the effects of interrupted bonds long after they have formed attachments in the more favorable care giving environments of their adoptive homes."
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Sacha Baron Cohen's "The Ali G Show", 2008. Describes Sacha Baron Cohen's British television comedy "The Ali G Show". 2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the British comedy "The Ali G Show" revolves around four interviews by three different characters played by the Baron Cohen: Ali G, Borat and Bruno. The author points out that each of the characters come from different countries, have different cultural backgrounds and interests and usually target different aspects of the American society. The paper relates that the goal of the show is to emphasize different underlying traits of the American society and how the influences of the American modern culture are impacting the rest of the world.
From the Paper "This brings us back to Ali G, the character coagulating the entire show. As a hip hop TV show host, I think that Ali G wants to bring together the stereotypes that the other two characters have sought and met throughout the US and summarize the cultural impact of the US culture as simply a culture of ignorant hip-hopers. Ali G is a "completely illiterate, wannabe gangsta, from this streets of Stains, England" who discovers America by being ignorant. By this, Cohen plays into bringing forth the ignorant characteristics of the Americans themselves, in his view. "
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Domestic Abuse and Homelessness, 2008. This paper researches the relationship between domestic abuse and homelessness in women contacting the women's aid helpline in Ireland between 1997 and 2006. 2,913 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 110.95 »
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Abstract The paper aims to establish the extent of the correlation, if one exists, between incidences of domestic abuse and homelessness among women in Ireland between 1997 and 2006. The paper uses both anecdotal evidence and statistical analysis to portray the trends and factors involved. The paper shows how homelessness due to domestic violence can affect many women in Ireland each year.
Outline:
Introduction
Preliminary Literature Review
From the Paper "Today, Ireland is the most digitally connected nation in the world and much progress has been made in recent years concerning the status of women. Nevertheless, a number of social problems remain, with one of the most upsetting, at least to the author, is domestic violence. The past decade has seen greatly increased numbers of women who have jobs and have their own money, as well as more houses and apartments being built. Anecdotal evidence from newspapers, magazines and broadcast media would suggest however, that there is still a problem with homelessness among both men and women. Since the reasons that people become homeless appear to be many, the decision was made to focus on one specific area and time period to identify to what extent, if any, domestic violence and homelessness are related. "
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Pension Protection Act of 2006, 2008. A case study to determine whether the Pension Protection Act of 2006 does or does not protect employees as well as, costs (if any) related to the Act. 9,948 words (approx. 39.8 pages), 22 sources, APA, AU$ 257.95 »
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Abstract This case study explores the costs an employee incurs for a pension plan from Everest Reinsurance [U.S. Company) prior to, as well as after, the ratification of the Pension Protection Act of 2006. During the course of this study effort, the researcher provides a detailed review of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, a unique, contemporary law that affects companies across the U.S. The researcher also assesses and analyzes information relating to Everest Reinsurance, a company based in New Jersey. Staff of Everest Reinsurance, along with the company's employees enrolled in the 401 (K) plan, founded by Prudential Financial, constitute this study's population.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
From the Paper "This case study explores the costs an employee incurs for a Pension Plan from Everest Reinsurance [U.S. Company), prior to, as well as, after the ratification of the Pension Protection Act of 2006. During the course of this study effort, this researcher provides a detailed review of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, a unique, contemporary law that affects companies across the U.S. This researcher also assesses and analyzes information relating to Everest Reinsurance, a company based in New Jersey. Staff of Everest Reinsurance, along with the company's employees enrolled in the 401 (K) plan, founded by Prudential Financial, constitute this study's population. In addition to fulfilling the Aim for this study, analyzing pension plan prices before and after the "New Act", this researcher expects to identify the number of employees currently participating in the plan, as well as, note individuals not enrolled in the plan, prior to the Pension Protection Act of 2006 becoming effective. After this stage of the study is complete, this researcher then researches and ascertains the cost of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 per employee. With these calculations completed, this researcher expects to calculate the cost impact of "the Plan". When this researcher completes this step, the researcher should have assessed enough material to determine the additional costs the Act added to employee expenses, versus the previous costs for employees prior to the Pension Protection Act of 2006 enactment. "
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Nozick's Entitlement Theory, 2008. Looks at the issue of distributive justice and evaluates Robert Nozick's entitlement theory. 2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the meaning of the concept of distributive justice, which guarantees that everyone is supplied with a certain level of material means, can be interpreted based on different philosophies. The author examines Robert Nozick's libertarian three-part entitlement theory and then compares with John Rawls' difference principle. The paper concludes by demonstrating why Nozick's theory fails the test of moral justification.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Distributive Justice
Literature Review
Robert Nozick
Comparing Nozick with Rawls
Nozick / Libertarianism
Nozick / Libertarianism II
Kantians
John Locke
Conclusion
From the Paper "Like John Locke, Nozick basically believed that an individual has the right to: one, own what he makes; and two, to "appropriate [i.e., take] anything not already owned" with the proviso that in appropriating [taking possession of] the item that person leaves enough for others and certainly leaves them "no worse off" for having appropriated the item. And further, Nozick wrote that in appropriating the item (distributive justice in action) that act does not leave the other person in a lesser position in terms of being able to appropriate something he or she desires."
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Homeless in the U.S., 2008. A research proposal to evaluate a way to renew public interest in homelessness in the U.S. 1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that over the decades the homeless problem in the U.S. has decreased; however, due to the recent increase in home foreclosures and the floundering economy, the numbers may be once again increasing. The author proposes a way to renew interest in the homeless, especially about those individuals who are not purposely on the streets. The paper reports literature and describes a day-long seminar on this topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Stated Problem
Research
Literature
From the Paper "Marcus also relates the history of homelessness in the United States, contextualizing the growth of poverty and homelessness in the 1980s with similar growth during the Great Depression and the post WWII era. He may acknowledge economic factors, such as high inflation, declining wages, and job loss in deepening poverty in the 1980s, Marcus stresses the continuity of the homeless phenomenon of the Reagan era with the skid rows, vagabonds, and hobos dating back to the 1930s. He is interested in why the 1980s are conceived of as a "homeless crisis," when poverty and lack of affordable housing were not defined as such in other historical periods."
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Fairy Tales, 2008. Looks at several 'happily ever after' fairy tales and their relationship to culture. 2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that, like myths, fairy tales have great importance as cultural productions because they emphasize the basic aspects of each culture. The author relates that certain predictable ritualistic motifs, such as the wicked stepmother in "Cinderella" or the marriage between two antagonist characters, one ugly and the other beautiful, in "Beauty and the Beast", are absolutely essential fairy tale ingredients. The author also relates that the theme of love and marriage or the 'happily ever after union' is an archetype; wherein, the human being is fulfilled through his or her union with another being and the fulfillment is naturally achieved after a great quest and fantastic trials. The paper includes references to several fairy tales.
From the Paper "Without being a general pattern, many of the folktales focus on the love union between a hero and the heroine. The blueprint here varies widely, but in many stories, the love bond is formed sometimes between two characters that belong to different worlds. It can be said in most of the stories one of the two characters that will be together "happily ever after" always pass through sufferance or great trails before the love bond is formed. Also, in almost all the fairytales, the hero is usually the active character who has to win the princess through great efforts and deeds while the latter passively waits for him. However, there are some exceptions to this rule, and in some stories the heroine is given the active role, while the prince is passive."
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Bronfenbrenner and Development, 2008. This paper discusses Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development. 1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that in many ways, the ecological theory posited by Bronfenbrenner can be used to describe the levels of development in the writer's personal and academic life. This theory of development is based on interactive levels of input and experience that can be transposed and used to discuss the decisions made in the writer's personal life, which led to a change from a career focused on children and family services to the geriatric population and gerontology. This paper not only attempts to show how this personal development corresponds to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development but also analyzes and elucidates this theoretical standpoint and its ramifications.
From the Paper "In essence, the theory put forward by Bronfenbrenner stresses the quality as well as the context of the developmental environment that extends from childhood to adulthood and to later life. A central facet that is emphasized in the theory is the interaction between the individual and the environment and the complexity of this interaction in the developmental process. Many of the above stages can be relate to the different dimensions of an individual's development. For example, the Macrosystem can present environmental factors that can both help or hinder the developmental progress of the childe or young adult. "
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Cultural Comparison through Interviews, 2008. A case study presentation of the cultural differences between an interviewer and interviewee. 2,627 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95 »
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Abstract This paper describes two interview sessions with a single 22 year-old native Israeli male of Jewish decent who recently arrived in the United States to pursue an undergraduate degree leading to a post-graduate degree in marine biology at the University of Miami at Coral Gables, Florida. It describes the relationship between the interviewer and interviewee. The paper provides a cultural comparison from the point of view of the interviewer.
Table of Contents:
Background of Subject
First Interview Session Description
Second Interview Session Description
Cultural Comparison Interviewer's Personal Reaction
From the Paper "In retrospect, I consider the interviews to have been very successful, except that with practice, I believe I could learn to employ more effective techniques for getting to substantive issues in the first session instead of using it as a preparation to do so in subsequent sessions. In part, expect that, as many suggest, (Goldstein 1995) with more practice, I will be able to recognize behavioral cues that indicate readiness to continue conversations further instead of worrying about "prying" for too much too soon. Likewise, I intend to prepare more thoroughly the next time, both before the first interview, but especially, in formulating follow-up questions and lines of inquiry for the second session based on information elicited in preceding sessions. If I had the chance to do this project over again, I would recognize the opportunities that the subject gave me during our first conversation to introduce lines of questioning that occurred to me but concerned me as being "too forward" in the first session."
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