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A Consumerist China, 2008.
This paper discusses consumerism vs. poverty in China's capitalist development.
2,684 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the works of Maurice Meisner and Minxin Pei concerning the high social, political and economic price of China's approach to development. The paper then explains the phenomenon of Chinese consumerism that exists while millions struggle to obtain basic subsistence. The paper portrays the disparity in the American-style high consuming class and the working or unemployed poor.
Outline:
Introduction
Consumerism - Chinese Style
Disparities and Frustrations
Time and Unfulfilled Promises
Consumerism and Culture
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Meisner noted a small percentage of urban population are members of the nouveaux riches that support "the world's most rapidly growing market in luxury goods." (1999 534) Otherwise there is much conspicuous lesser spending. A report for business people planning to do retail business in the PRC in 2005 with China's permission of foreign distributors with World Trade Organisation membership stated that the Chinese consumer still shops daily, likes processed and packaged foods, expects shopping to be an outdoor, urban activity and favours products to do with sport, leisure and general convenience. (Iyengar 2004) Car ownership is proportionately low and the distances great so that distributors have to work hard, if promoting a new product in China, to see that it reaches every targeted region. Mail order business is unknown and Internet shopping just beginning. The leisure culture taking form in the 1990s showed little sign of declining. Consumers were less automatically taken by foreign manufactures but wanted goods that made their lives more convenient. A Euromonitor International article referred to a positive attitude in the PCR towards owning one's housing, letting housing out to others, high demand for household durables and leisure goods that allowed for a busier lifestyle. (2006)"
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Categorization and Prejudice, 2008.
A project proposal for exploring the link between categorization and prejudice within the social cognition perspective, particularly focusing on race, gender and age.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This research proposal aims to explore the link between categorization and prejudice within the social cognition perspective. It utilizes a multiple, or inter-sectional, approach to social cognition research and looks at three separate yet complementary aspects of social identity - race, gender and age. The paper aims to render a more nuanced account of stereotyping and the social-cognitive context in which these prejudices are enacted.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Aim
Project Description
Methodology
Participants
Stimulus Materials
Procedure
Choice of Methods for Observation
From the Paper
"The complexity of this intersectional research project involves a large number of operational variables. It is felt that by situating the project in a research laboratory environment and controlling for the age and race of the participants, a more accurate picture of automatic prejudice can be rendered. The laboratory is also well-suited to the restrictive timeframe being placed on participant responses, as well as the need for participant isolation and anonymity. It is hoped that these mechanisms will aid in eliciting automatic rather than conscious responses from the participants."
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Mediation and Domestic Violence, 2008.
This paper argues against mediation in cases of domestic violence.
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the issue of domestic violence has been debated for decades throughout the criminal justice system, government and society. The writer points out that because there has been a steady increase in the number of domestic violence cases over time, it has been suggested that mediation may be the solution to resolving issues, saving families and stopping the continued violence through communication. The writer discusses that mediation, however, by its very nature suggests that there are two parties that are equal and that there is a desire for there to be a solution that is equitable to both individuals. Therefore, the writer maintains that while there are many segments of society that believes that mediation is appropriate in domestic violence cases, it is evident that if equality does not exist between the parties, mediation is not a solution to the issue.
From the Paper
"Although this is becoming the standard of practice in the court system, it is also not always achieved effectively because of the lack of skill in domestic violence cases that exists in the court system. Therefore, wives that have experienced domestic violence may be directed to enter mediation, even though the situation calls for other actions to be taken that would prevent further violence.
"The State of Georgia has determined that mediation can be effective in domestic violence cases if proper screenings occur prior to the onset of the mediation process. The state has placed into affect procedures in which mediation can be considered in domestic violence situations, where there is no threat to the individuals being abused and in which the mediators are specifically trained to work with domestic violence cases."
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The Biracial Family, 2008.
This paper reviews "Clover" by Doris Sanders.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the book "Clover" by Doris Sanders that portrays the life of a young black child reared by a white woman in a close-knit, African-American farming community. The paper considers the book's dominant themes of intermarriage and women and work and highlights Sanders' depiction of gender-specific expectations.
Outline:
Part One: Summary of Text
Intermarriage
Women and Work
From the Paper
"Dori Sander's, Clover, is a thoughtful look at what it is like to be a young black child reared by a white woman in a close-knit, African-American farming community. The book explores Clover's own conflicting feelings towards Sara Kate and the difficult time Sara Kate experiences by virtue of being a white interloper in a protective and tightly-bound black extended family. Furthermore, the book looks at how Clover finds herself uncomfortably straddling two worlds that are divided by cleavages that extend beyond race. To wit, Sara Kate is well-educated and intelligent and white (and apparently fairly upper-class) and Clover's family is working poor, African-American, rural and not terribly urbane. In a real sense, the little girl is the embodiment of the fears, tensions and insecurities many children endure when thrust into biracial marriages in a society that has not yet embraced them."
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The Dissolution of the "Nuclear Family", 2008.
An analysis of the contributing factors to and the implications of the dissolution of the nuclear family structure.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the trend of the shift away from the nuclear family structure. It discusses the social and evolutionary changes that have contributed to this shift, as well as the psychological and social implications to the family of the shift. The paper discusses some of the problems that have been associated with this shift towards an individualistic society.
From the Paper
"The shift from the nuclear family toward an individualistic society seems inevitable, and yet regrettable. The social and psychological results of the shift hold substantial risk to all members of society. Under the individualistic model, adults are not guaranteed the "vital" functions of sex and conjugal bonds (Soto 499). Adults and children are both at risk in the absence of a nuclear family structure due to the lack of permanent or stable paternity and childcare. Finally, children are at risk of social and psychological confusion, as well as the lack of "patrimonial knowledge" gained from a cohesive parental unit (Soto 499). Children raised without a clear structure or understanding of their social system create a cycle wherein society fails to protect and work for its members. As such, the individual and the family are in crisis as it becomes more and more socially acceptable to move away from the nuclear family model."
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Homelessness in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of homelessness as a social issue in Canada.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how homelessness has been described as a chronic illness affecting all societies regardless of the degree of economic development and overall wealth of the nation. It contends that homelessness seems to be a social ill that, short of mandating public housing facilities for every citizen, cannot be completely eradicated. It also examines how the various research projects that have been tasked with studying this difficult social conundrum have typically approached the issue with strong academic objectives and usually combined with a sincere desire to affect positive change.
Outline
Overview
Homelessness
Dimensions of Homelessness
From the Paper
"Burt has pointed out the causality of homelessness by identifying its three primary causes: structural, individual and governmental (Burt). Yet, all of these various causes are nuanced and tend to manifest themselves either in unique fashions from one society to another or in a complexity of several of them together. As one homeless individual describes his homelessness, the direct impact that governmental policies, local or national, can have on homelessness, is readily apparent (Kerr par.23). Clearly the impact of urban revitalization can be a real stimulant to homelessness because by removing all the low-income housing in an area without supplying new low income housing elsewhere is guaranteeing an increase in the local homelessness rates. "
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Genre Applications in Education, 2008.
This paper argues for the balance of normative and adaptive applications of genre for teacher/scholar educational standards.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer analyzes the basis for genre standardizations that would include both a normative approach and adaptive approach in educational research and application. The writer notes that by realizing the importance of normative genres in language studies, students can better understand how to categorize various issues in writing. However, the writer maintains that these normative standards cannot be so heavily relied upon that they deny new genres of significant importance. In essence, the writer argues that a balanced approach to normative and adaptive genre applications must be adhered to in an effective writing criterion for modern educational perspectives.
From the Paper
"Critics of normative genre approaches in writing provide important arguments that explain why genre studies norms must be provide a form of standardization that must be adhered to. The premise of normative standards is only providing an outline for the growingly diverse set of genre studies that have arisen in the new globalized community. Many more cultural norms and values are being expressed, which reestablish the normative ways in which people think and write. However, the premise of normative genre values is essential for various cultures to establish their cultural identity, which provides the foundation in which to understand other cultures and genre-based evaluations. This perspective is helping teachers to understand the complexities of genre studies. Devitt defines this critical stance in educational standards that is important to realizing why genre categorizations can be dangerous to effective critical thinking, yet they are needed to establish a basis for localized identity issues for the educational scholar.."
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Male Sexuality, 2008.
The paper assesses an article by Charles Michael Smith 'The Politics of Penis Size (Book Review)' in "The Gay and Lesbian Review" relating to the stereotype that African-American males are "well-hung".
2,745 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper explain that, in Charles Michael Smith's article 'The Politics of Penis Size (Book Review)', which is a review of Scott Poulson-Bryant's book "Hung: A Meditation on the Measure of Black Men in America", the idea of the black sexual Olympian is ridiculed but Smith fails to avoid making some sweeping generalizations that the available literature cannot substantiate. The author points out, from the literature review to assess this article and book, that the myth about African-American men being "huge" and thus more "man" than Asian or Caucasian men is really a projection of deep-seated fears of inadequacy. The paper argues that, if these fears are addressed, then anxiety about the sexual prowess of black men, on the part of those who are non-black will be replaced by a more holistic view of African-American males that restores to them a measure of their full humanity.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Summary of Account
Background Research (or what the scholarly literature has to say about penis size and about black men)
Assessment of the Popular Account
Implications and Future Directions
From the Paper
"According to Charles Michael Smith (2006) the penis is one manifestation of masculine power. Smith goes on to state that penis power is male power and that the tallest buildings, the imposing skyscrapers that dot the landscape of the modern western world, are really the ultimate phallic symbols. In short, the penis equates with all that is seen as masculine, virile, powerful, and potent. Smith, in his review of Scott Poulson-Bryant's, "Hung: A Meditation on the Measure of Black Men in America", writes that white slave-holders often justified the brutal treatment of African-American men by seizing upon the desire of the latter to assault and seize for themselves the womanhood of white females."
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Cultural Relativism and Feminism, 2008.
This paper discusses human rights versus the right to cultural self-determination and group rights.
2,428 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 93.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that one of the key tensions in contemporary feminist theory is the tension between cultural rights on the one hand, and gender equality rights, that is, women's human rights, on the other hand. It is argued that cultural relativism cannot be allowed to supersede universal rights, and therefore that radical cultural relativism must be rejected. The writer maintains that at most, a partial cultural relativism may be accepted - but what is really needed is an ongoing debate to try and arrive at universal human rights that can be agreed on globally. Whatever these rights turn out to be, the key point that is argued is that claims of cultural relativism function to preserve male privilege, just as in the West, rhetoric about traditional family values has tried to hold the fort against the introduction of basic human rights, such as votes for women and marriage for same-sex couples. The appeal to culture or tradition does not automatically confer legitimacy on unjust customs.
From the Paper
"One solution is to try to reform these cultures from within. The problem is that within a paradigm of collective rights, this is often neither practical nor possible. It is argued that Nagengast (1997) has a better solution, when she proposes that what is really needed is continuing debate, with a view to arriving at a consensus as to what would constitute universal rights - and that while we are doing this, radical cultural relativity must be rejected.
"Coomaraswamy notes that Asian scholars have also suggested a way of reframing this debate, by couching it in terms of Asian values as specifically non-Western values. In this reframing, the key point that is argued is that Western values privilege individual rights over communal values .."
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Teen-aged Pregnancy, 2008.
This paper is a proposal to study the relationship of culture and attitudes to teen-aged pregnancies.
3,095 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for at least a century in North America, the phenomenon of teen-aged pregnancy has been examined as social malady with its pathology in questions of low morality or education, sexual abuse, low self-esteem or other defects of the affected girl. The author points out that there is relatively little research on how a pregnancy may directly harm the teen-aged girl. The paper proposes a project of straightforward functionalism to gain possibly new insights into how this phenomenon originates and how it continues when North American girls mainly are well informed as to reproduction, birth control and the non-desirability of teen-aged pregnancy. The author underscores that some cultures regard teen-aged pregnancy as less negative than a much abhorred termination of pregnancy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Reflection on a Timeless Issue
Review of Literature
Theoretical Considerations
Methodology
Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Dissemination of Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"All persons to express interest in becoming participants in the project, or those merely wishing to ask about its nature and aims, will be assured verbally of the confidentiality of what they, or someone they know, may choose to contribute. When a person is contacted with a brief questionnaire a formal written guarantee of confidentiality will be provided that explains clearly the purposes of the research and its potential uses. The imperatives of confidentiality and explaining a sound agenda of research in terms of wanting to clarify why teenaged pregnancy occurs and attitudes towards it are obvious."
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Bruce Springsteen and the Rebel Youth Culture, 2008.
This paper looks at Bruce Springsteen and discusses individuality, class hierarchy and the "rebel" youth culture of America.
1,193 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This anthropological study analyzes how Bruce Springsteen has become more than a rock 'n' roll musician in his cultural influence on American youth culture. The writer notes that not only has Springsteen been a major musical influence in the rock 'n' roll genre, he reflects the social dreams and desires of American youth culture through a variety of class distinctions and lifestyles. In essence, the writer notes that Bruce Springsteen sings of different class backgrounds. Further, the writer maintains that Springsteen defines a rebellious and individualistic identity in youth culture through his lyrics and musical understanding of American social norms.
From the Paper
"The type of feeling that calls for redemption of the poor people in the world can also be seen in his music on a domestic note. This forms the main corpus of lyrics and music that respond to the deeper troubles that youth sought within the often depressing and economically down turned post-Nixon era of American culture. Bruce Springsteen, although not above singing songs of the more carefree traditional songs of Little Richard, is more apt to be singing about the quest for freedom from authority for young people. After all, Bruce Springsteen had come from a middle class background, and he had known the suffering of being without money or of having a place to live. For instance, in "Born to Run", Springsteen uses a lyrical example of the desperation of youth culture, as the confines of social norms drives the young people to reach beyond barriers through escaping cultural isolationism."
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A Bottle of Coke, 2008.
This paper focuses on the Coke bottle to highlight the important role of material artifacts in our lives.
2,651 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Coke bottle, with specific reference to its status as a global meta-commodity or meta-symbol. The paper explores how material artifacts provide valuable insights into what is important to a culture. The paper analyzes the film "The Gods Must be Crazy", which illustrates how even the most powerful meta-symbol is powerful only because of its connotations and associations. The paper concludes by emphasizing how material artifacts affect our lives.
From the Paper
"The Coke bottle is one of the most recognizable material artefacts in the world. Its shape and distinctive label is recognized globally. For some it evokes warm, fuzzy feelings, and for others it invokes a paroxysm of anti-capitalist or anti-American feelings. It may evoke arguments about art vs. commodities, or about West vs. Islam. In the USA, your attitude to the bottle may depend on which side of the colour divide you fall on. Love it or hate it, it is unquestionably an important aspect of contemporary material culture."
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The Ethics of Advertising to Children, 2008.
A discussion of the ethics of advertising to children.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at that question of whether advertising directed at children is ethical. It points out that the amount of advertising targeting children continues to grow. Children view an estimated 360,0000 advertisements on television before graduating from high school. The paper also claims that, not until the early 1970s, was advertising directed at children seen as a problem in the United States. The paper argues that, although studies show that children under the age of seven cannot distinguish the difference between an advertisement and fact, there is little if any regulation of advertising directed at children within the United States. The paper compares the US to other countries, which have adopted the philosophy that advertising directed at children is immoral and have stepped in with varying levels of regulation. The paper concludes that, regarding television, it is unlikely there will be any restrictions placed on advertisers; however, with the proliferation of sites such as MySpace, YouTube, blogging, and other future technological advances to the Internet, there may eventually be a public outcry for more stringent regulations.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Advertising & Advertising to Children
Advertising and Its Impact on Children
Why So Much Emphasis on Advertising to Children?
Notable Examples of Advertising to Children
The Regulation of Advertising
Regulations in Other Countries
How Likely Change Is in the Future & Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the US, there are currently few policies or standards for food advertising and marketing aimed at children. The advertising industry maintains self-regulatory policies established by the Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) of the National Council of Better Business Bureaus. CARU's guidelines apply to all forms of children's advertising, but it has no legal authority over advertisers and can only seek voluntary compliance. CARU has a group of about 20 advisors and 35 supporters, many of whom are from the food industry, such as Burger King, Frito-Lay, McDonald's, General Mills, Nabisco and Hershey. The CARU voluntary guidelines list seven basic principles, which address areas such as product presentation and claims, endorsement and promotion by program characters, sales pressures, disclosures and disclaimers and safety concerns."
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Foreign Aid, 2008.
This paper discusses economic development and foreign direct investment.
1,663 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
In this document the writer discusses globalization and looks at its impact on poverty and economic development across emerging markets. The role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) within this dynamic is also examined as well as how the WTO and the global economy interact to encourage or develop greater levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to spur economic development.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
The World Trade Organization's Role in FDI
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thus, it can be seen that the discussion of poverty and its alleviation, especially reference to Mexico, or indeed any other emerging market, is really a discussion of how these economic structures are re-characterized in respect to the global economy. The intent is to assist these markets with their internal economic structures, without compromising national integrity, so as to result in a more universal elevation of quality of life standards across the spectrum of their societies.
"While many authors tend to immediately jump to the issue of poverty when discussing globalization and its impact, others are quick to note that globalization can be effective at alleviating poverty. Fenstra and Hanson pointed out that the outsourcing explosion brought about by NAFTA between the U.S., Mexico and Canada, resulted in positive economic growth in Mexico's border areas where foreign factories invested in factories to handle their inputs in the production of goods almost completely destined for export."
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Helping the Mentally Ill Homeless, 2008.
An examination of possible solutions that could help the metnally ill homeless.
1,423 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of homelessness in the United States, particularly with regard to the mentally ill. The paper focuses on how the mentally ill homeless can be helped. It discusses the solution according tothe government, which is to de-institutionalize those who have mental illness and then looks at the problems associated with that solution.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
History of Mental Illness
The Problems of Homelessness
De-institutionalizing the Mentally Ill
A Study of Homelessness, Mental Illness, and Citizenship
From the Paper
"The solution according to the government is to deinstitutionalize those who have mental illness, but in reality many of these patients are released from the institutions and become homeless. The process of deinstitutionalization sounds easy and most professionals believe the mentally ill can adjust to the community (Zissi, 2006). Few people understand the problems of the mentally ill when it comes to social environment factors and living in the community. A major problem with the mentally ill adjusting to the community is the stigma of the labels they receive once they are diagnosed. "The stigma of mental illness remains a serious social problem and critical impediment to treatment seeking among diagnosed individuals" (Teachman, Wilson, and Komarovskaya, 2006, p. 75). People who have mental health problems have trouble adjusting to the community because it is not easy for them to make friends and even for family members to develop close relationships with them. Many homeless people who have mental health issues would rather return to the environment of being homeless because they have friends who are also homeless and they are not treated as abnormal."
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The Impact of Various Media on Children, 2008.
A discussion of the negative effects of mass media on children and a suggestion of possible solutions to the problem.
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of various forms of mass media upon children. Specifically, the paper focuses on the impact of videos, TV shows, movies and the Internet. The paper takes a look at how each media can lead to potentially disastrous outcomes if not enough is done by parents to stem the over-exposure of their children to violent or unhealthy programs, games, or films. The paper also devotes some time to looking at a few important but often under-valued steps parents can take that will protect their children with regards to all of the various types of media outlined above.
From the Paper
"Excessive television watching, just like excessive time in front of a computer screen playing video games of one kind or another, can harm children in many more ways than merely psychologically. For one thing, too much television viewing can negatively impact a child's eating habits, weight, physical activity, interest in scholastic matters, physical health, and school performance. Every bit as troubling, a child's sleep patterns and his or her susceptibility to seizures can genuinely be affected by how much television he or she chooses to watch (Gupta, 1994). Parents who fail to understand these facts run the distinct risk of endangering the health and long-term welfare of their children."
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