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Efficacy of Drug Treatment in Breast Cancer, 2007.
A research proposal for a patient perception study on the efficacy of drug treatment in breast cancer patients.
2,122 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper proposes a patient perception that would look at whether patients' perceived efficacy of their cancer treatment equals that of their doctors' analysis of their well being as cancer patients. The study seeks to establish whether a particular type of treatment and cancer drug helps improve the patient's perception of the improvement of their health condition. The paper discusses and analyzes extensively descriptions of patient profiles and their attitude towards their sickness.
Outline:
Introduction
Review Of Related Literature
Research Objectives
Methodology
a) Research Design
b) Research Methods
i) Survey
ii) Focus Interviews
c) Sampling
d) Data Analysis
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Though this study follows a dominantly quantitative paradigm, the researcher will also informally interview medical doctors in order to generate information that may not be provided or discussed in the patient perception survey. These information and data includes interviewing the doctor about patients' histories, response to cancer drug treatment, and his/her overall opinion about the patient in general."
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Clinical Decision-Making Skills, 2007.
This paper is a research proposal to study the relationship between levels of knowledge and clinical decision-making skills in third-year nursing students in pre-registration degree and diploma programs in a U.K. university.
2,835 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that novice nurses cannot come forth with any type of intuitive judgment without first having gained experience but the novice can bring to the clinical situation the years of experience gained in multiple clinical and life situations. The author proposes using a phenomenological interpretive methodology, which is based on the principle of hermeneutics and is of an interpretive qualitative nature. The paper discusses the procedure for using this focus group methodology with paired interviews of novice and expert nurses.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Strengths/ Weaknesses or Limitations
Procedure of Focus Group Interview
Summary
From the Paper
"Through use of this analysis, the competencies required as the individual moves from the stages of novice to expert are easily identified. Benner discovered through listening to expert nurse narratives that the key to their development of expertness was based in their ability to 'experience' nursing, and to integrate this experience into both existing and new knowledge. From this integration of experience and knowledge, new paradigms are developed and available in future 'like' situations."
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IS Strategy and Design, 2007.
This paper is a research plan to understand how external events influence information systems (IS) strategy and design, to identify potential negative impacts and to reconcile ethical issues.
4,815 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 154.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques the three basic enquiry methods, described in the paper, which are the simple mode, including inductive consensual and analytic-deductive methods, the complex mode, including the multiple realities method, and the innovative mode, including the unbounded systems thinking (UST) method. The author points out that the rationale behind the PEST analysis is that there must be a fit between the capabilities of the company and the external environment if the company is to survive. The paper uses HP company as the example for analysis and the project of the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Task 1 - Modes of Enquiry
Critique of Modes of Enquiry
Inductive-Consensual
Analytic-Deductive
Multiple Realities
Unbounded System Thinking, UST
Task 2 - External Environments
Company Introduction
PEST Analysis
Political
Economic
Socio-Cultural
Technological Environment
Task 3 - Impact on IS Strategy
Enterprise Virtualization
High-end Printing 16
Mobility
Acquisitions
Lay-Offs
Ethical Issues
Task 4 - The Next Five Years
From the Paper
"By concentrating on the three major business and aligning them with the IS strategy, HP ensures that the needs and requirements of growing technological trends will be met. In addition to the technology factors, the social factors in terms of lay-offs will have to be considered since human resources are always an important factor in IS strategy and design. Further, acquisition of other companies or technology entities to feel the IS niche is a viable option to safeguard their status as a technology leader."
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3G Wireless-Enhanced Services, 2007.
This paper is a research proposal to study the increasing of revenues in mature markets from the sales of 3G wireless-enhanced services.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that 3G wireless devices will be akin to personal computers inclusive of an operating system, client applications and multiple voice modules and will function as a phone, personal digital assistant, computer, television, pager, video-conferencing center, newspaper, diary and credit card. The author points out that the methodology of this study will be qualitative and will be conducted through a review of relevant peer-reviewed literature. The paper relates that, because developed Asia leads the world in 3G market growth, the growth experienced in developed Asia will be used as a measure of growth in other 3G markets.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Aims of the Dissertation
Methods
Feasibility
Background
Importance of the Research
From the Paper
"Predictions for the 3G wireless market are very positive and state a great potential for revenue growth therefore validating the need for this specific study to be conducted. As stated in the work "The 3G Scenario Today" the market size for 3G technologies "appear to be big enough for infrastructure suppliers to make attractive products available" with data service access being the primary enabler. Furthermore increase in subscriber numbers "increase as a consequence of newly enabled data services" which serves to increase revenues in this area."
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ESL Instruction in Egyptian and British, 2006.
This paper is a complete research project to compare the effectiveness of English as a second language instruction (ESL)in Egyptian and British secondary schools.
16,370 words (approx. 65.5 pages), 38 sources, APA, AU$ 311.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the way information and communication technologies (ICT) resources are currently being used in secondary classrooms in the United Kingdom and Egypt to determine how these can be better used for language education applications. The author used methodologies that include a critical literature review, a statistical analysis of grade point averages before and after ICT initiatives were used and a qualitative and quantitative survey of the secondary students in three secondary schools each located in Egypt and the UK. The paper relates that the delivery of effective language instruction in Arabic and English require a different set of tools and techniques although both ASL and ESL students are motivated by comparable factors and experience similar reactions and emotions concerning their language instruction. This paper includes many table, graphs, quotations, questionnaires and a complete analyzes of the data.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Research Questions
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Definition of Terms
Preliminary Literature Review
Background and Overview
Education in Egypt
Education in the United Kingdom
Information and Communications
Technology and ESL Applications in the Classroom
Constraints to ESL Delivery in the Arabic-Speaking Egyptian Classroom Constraints to ESL Delivery in the UK Classroom
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-Gathering Method and Database of Study Population
UK Schools Participating in Study
Egyptian Schools Participating in the Study
Data Analysis
Egyptian and UK Student Survey Results
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary Conclusions
Egypt
United Kingdom
Recommendations
Egypt
United Kingdom
Excel Spreadsheet Used in Analysis
From the Paper
"The educational systems in Egypt and the UK bear some similarities as well as important differences that will be discussed further below. One of the similarities, though, is the manner in which the stages of general education are provided. In Egypt today, there are three stages of state general education: (a) primary (six years), (b) preparatory (three years), and (c) secondary (three years). The primary education is for students between the ages of 6 and 12 years and is compulsory; students who are successful in examinations have the opportunity to continue their education first at the preparatory and then at the secondary level. In this regard, there are two types of secondary school, (a) general and (b) technical; the majority of Egyptian technical schools are either commercial, agricultural, or industrial."
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Dressing for Service, 2006.
A discussion regarding the question of whether mode of dress affects the quality of customer service received.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the research proposal to determine whether or not a customer's level of dress affects the level of customer service he or she receives. In this paper, it is anticipated that a well-dressed customer is more likely to receive superior customer service than one who is not.
Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Subjects for the Study
Ethical Considerations
Measurement
Data Collection Methods
Analysis
From the Paper
"More data needs to be collected with actual shoppers, and not simply confederates of researchers posing as shoppers. This research hopes to correct that. For the one study found that did study actual shoppers and the level of customer service they received, results may have been skewed as it was the researchers' opinions on whether or not the subject was receiving a specific, subjective level of customer service, as opposed to the subject's personal experience. In addition, this particular study, conducted by Kim and Lennon, focused solely on female customers in a plus-sized clothing store. Although this was done in an effort "to ensure that the body size of the customers was not a factor in how they were treated" ("Well-dressed women", 2006), the results of this research are so specific to plus-sized women and specifically plus-sized clothing retailers that more research needs to be conducted with a broader subject base and product base. Only in this way can a study truly contribute to the basic understanding of human nature, and specifically human interaction and the treatment of others based on visual appearances. "
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Biangular Reflectance and Elliptometry on the Nano-Scale, 2006.
An in-depth discussion regarding the need for the broader impacts of a scientifically and technologically literate and diverse workforce, and a review of the University of Central Oklahoma's optical/thermal scattering facility research project.
5,846 words (approx. 23.4 pages), 35 sources, MLA, AU$ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how engineering encounters many surfaces that posses vast quantities of irregularities and application of fundamental theories neither proves practical nor precise in obtaining true representations due to these irregularities. The paper further discusses how there exists a need for accuracy in thermo-physical property data in both industrial applications which demand a reliable method of determining data. According to the paper, this need can be met by the establishment of the optical/thermal scattering facility at the University of Central Oklahoma. The paper then reviews the advantages and disadvantages of this research program.
Outline:
Introduction
Importance of the Research
Review of the Literature
Scope of Academic Benefits
Research and Academic
Management Plan and Timeline
Dissemination and Sustainability
Evaluation
Summary and Conclusion
Methodology
From the Paper
"This project also plans to augment the radiative heat transfer science behind this experimentation. The Hemispherical Scatterometer will be constructed based on the most widely used methods for solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and the discrete ordinate method (DOM). Despite the fact that there has been a wide construction of similar apparatuses for BRDF determination [4,15,17,18,33-35,40,43-46] there has not been any device that makes use of the quadrature scheme of the DOM to obtain this property. By using the DOM theory, commercial computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software can be easily incorporated to develop new research and/or mathematical models. These involve heat transfer problems to be compared with standard or previous models. Another aspect where the PI's project will certainly have an impact on the community is in the surface and cataloging of pattern recognition of the mentioned surfaces. Many surfaces in engineering, specially the ones dealt in this project will perhaps contain roughness characteristics similar to the ones shown in Figure 4. Even though is a very smooth material (looked through one's eye) theoretical prediction of reflectance or surface properties is not feasible. However, performing cataloging and pattern recognition is a method that will allow us to recognize intrinsic features of materials and provide a deeper knowledge of material's use and extended applicability. At the same time possible complication while using textbook calculations comes from the fact that they take the surface to be an homogeneous material rather than, say, a layered structure without considering subsurface complications or they are too cumbersome to apply. Therefore, the result is that actual measurement of the reflectance function is the best way to determine this radiative property and measure it in such manner that could also be applied to radiation heat transfer solution method or any other industrial application. This is again, where this project takes the lead."
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Korean Restaurant in Vancouver, 2007.
An investigation of the potential of establishing a Korean food restaurant in Vancouver today.
6,772 words (approx. 27.1 pages), 22 sources, MLA, AU$ 193.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop an overview of the business climate in Vancouver. It uses a mixed methodology to provide a "snapshot" of the city today to determine the viability of establishing a Korean food restaurant. A critical review of the relevant literature is accompanied by interviews with industry professionals and surveys of consumers. Relevant conclusions, a summary of the research and recommendations are provided in the final chapter.
Outline
Chapter 1:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2:
Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3:
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-Gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4:
Data Analysis
Chapter 5:
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Today, there is a growing Asian community in Vancouver, and the trend is expected to continue in the future (Hiebert, 1999). While the history of Indo-Canadian settlement in Vancouver can be traced to the late 19th century, the community remained relatively small until the 1960s (Hiebert & Walton-Roberts, 1997). In fact, South Asian immigrants have a long history of settlement in Canada; however, the majority of this community arrived after the criteria for entering Canada were relaxed during the 1960s; in addition, the arrival of significant numbers of Vietnamese immigrants is even more recent, beginning in the mid-1970s (Hiebert, 1999). "
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School Inclusion Programs, 2006.
This paper is a complete research project to analyze the effect of student diversity on student learning in an inclusive classroom.
5,105 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 21 sources, APA, AU$ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues involved in delivering educational services in classrooms with varying levels of student diversity, with a focus on elementary schools in general and on one such school in particular in the State of Mississippi. The author's methodology includes a critical review of the literature followed by an analysis of the available statistical data from the State of Mississippi to discern any differences in academic achievement as reflected by the Mississippi curriculum test results. The paper relates that this research indicates that the United States is becoming an increasingly diverse society as indicated by the demographic composition of classrooms in many regions of the country; however, while the impact of increasing classroom diversity has been the subject of a growing body of research, there remains a paucity of timely studies concerning the impact of a lack of diversity on academic achievement. The paper includes several quotations and a data analysis presented in tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Impact of Diversity in American Classrooms Today
Developing Culturally Sensitive Educational Approaches
Recent Trends in Mississippi Public Schools
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-Gathering Method and Database of Study
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, though, many public schools today are failing to provide a quality education for many of their students. In fact, young learners from low-income families and those from some minority groups, especially African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and some Asians, have experienced higher rates of dropping out, retention in grade, and special education placements than other children. In this environment, struggling students can be expected to fall further behind and those students who are high achievers will likely experience frustration with the pace of learning and how it is being presented."
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Battered Immigrant American Iranian Women, 2006.
This paper is a dissertation, including an extensive literature review, about battered immigrant American-Iranian women.
15,450 words (approx. 61.8 pages), 40 sources, APA, AU$ 311.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the many abuses and violent events that occur toward the American Iranian woman in the process of daily living, immigration and assimilation into a foreign society. The author points out, in the literature review, the customs, which Iranian women are conditioned to in terms of their treatment and their validity as knowledgeable and capable human beings. The paper stresses that immigrant women specifically, those of the Muslim culture, undergo much in the way of abuse and injustice not only in their countries of origination but even more so in their immigration to the United States because the laws and regulations of the United States are not structured in a way that provides protection of the rights of women, who are victims of abuse as well as immigrant women with the many complicating factors of Islamic marriage. The paper includes two statistical tables and several long quotations.
Table of Contents:
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Nature of the Study
Research Instruments
Sampling Methods and Location
Methodology
Significance of the Study
Nature of the Study
Hypotheses/Research Questions
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Scope, Limitations, and Delimitations
Literature Review
Conclusion
Research Methods
From the Paper
"In relation to access to credit, women of color are stated to be as innovative and entrepreneurial as any other group, they face lingering stereotypes and bias that often prevent them from receiving fair and equal access to the bank credit and capital necessary to start up new businesses. In a 1998 study by the National Foundation for Women Business Owners, findings state that less than one-third or 29 percent of women business owners, who are also women of color, surveyed presently have bank credit compared to over one-half or 53% of European American women."
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Television Ratings, 2007.
This paper examines current rating systems and looks at whether the
Q-Score reports accurately represent the American television viewing public.
4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
This research proposal identifies the known problems with the rating systems and proposes a study that would help determine if the Q-Score reports are misrepresenting the American television viewing public. In this article, the writer discusses whether Marketing Evaluations'
Q-Scores for television ratings accurately represent the television viewing habits of all Americans, including minority groups, or whether the limited population samples and data analysis methods are skewed in such a way that minority populations are underrepresented in ratings and the media. The writer claims that this is an important study because of the integral role that television and the media play in the lives of all Americans, and as a part of American society overall. The writer concludes that if there is a misrepresentation of minority groups in the current Q-ratings reports, this must be identified and this information made available to the public so that all members of society can make an informed decision regarding media-related activities, such as advertising, that are affected by the quality of television ratings reports.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose and Rationale
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Limitations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"If a small-scale study finds a significant problem, other researchers will be interested in doing further analysis on this issue. Also, the public may simply be made aware of the issue, therefore considering these questions when taking stock in ratings reports. It is known that the television media industry and their advertisers depends on ratings reports to make decisions regarding programming and product placement. It is also well documented that minority groups have been significantly underrepresented in the Nielsen ratings, the country's leading marketing provider of television ratings, as will be illustrated by the following literature review. What is not known is whether the Q Rating system, which collected data in different ways than the Nielsen ratings, also has a problem in properly representing minority groups and providing accurate data on the television viewing habits of the American public."
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Substance Misuse Treatments, 2007.
A comparison of treatment effectiveness for substance misuse with the use of different treatment models.
8,816 words (approx. 35.3 pages), 24 sources, MLA, AU$ 230.95
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Abstract
This trial investigates the models that are often used in the treatment of substance abuse in individuals that also have serious mental health conditions. The paper analyzes if dual diagnoses are common and how treatment is different from treating a singular diagnosis. It then compares the advantages and disadvantages of using the Integrated Treatment Model versus the Standard Treatment Model and the degree and incidence of substance misuse that is reduced with the use of both models.
Table of Contents:
Full Title Of Trial
The Need For A Trial
What Is The Problem/Question To Be Addressed?
What Are The Principal Research Questions To Be Addressed?
Why Is A Trial Needed Now?
How Will The Results Of This Trial Be Used?
Background Information
Implications for Treatment
Integrated Treatment Model
Standard Treatment Model
The Proposed Trial
What Is The Proposed Trial Design?
What Are The Planned Trial Interventions?
What Are The Proposed Practical Arrangements For Allocating Participants?
What Are The Proposed Methods For Protecting Against Other Sources Of Bias?
What Are The Planned Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria?
What Is The Proposed Duration Of Treatment Period?
What Is The Proposed Frequency And Duration Of Follow Up?
What Are The Proposed Outcome Measures?
What Is The Proposed Sample Size?
What Is The Likely Rate Of Loss To Follow-Up?
How Many Centers Will Be Involved?
Are There Any Planned Subgroup Analyses?
Will The Trial Address Any Economic Issues?
What Is The Estimated Research Cost Of The Trial?
Will There Be NHS Cost Implications For This Trial?
Over What Period Is Funding Requested?
Trial Management
Participating Centers
Application History
Ethical Issues
Future Work
From the Paper
" Lastly the standard treatment model acknowledges that significant others play a role in recovery. The institute asserts that during the initial stages of treatment family members complete a detailed questionnaire concerning the client's alcohol and/or drug use and the ensuing consequences (Owen, 2003). In addition counselors may have other meetings with family members during the assessment phase to gain more information about the client (Owen, 2003). In addition the families may be invited to participate in a separate family program where they will be taught more about the nature of addiction (Owen, 2003). There may also be a family conference that takes place near the end of treatment during which the counselor, the client, and the client's family discuss any concerning issues and review goals as they relate to discharging the client (Owen, 2003). The majority of families will also have to seek aftercare and may attend Al-Anon (Owen, 2003)."
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Test Anxiety Research, 2007.
An in-depth evaluation of a study performed that examined the impact of brief cognitive therapy on test anxiety.
3,901 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 133.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a study that sought to determine the effectiveness, if any, of brief cognitive therapy intervention in the reduction of test anxiety. The paper explains that it would appear from the data that cognitive intervention had successfully reduced anxiety and with this available data, a hypotheses could have been proved. However, the paper discusses the drawbacks of the study; it may have been biased and there were too few participants used. The paper concludes that certainly other factors could have been integrated into the study and may have produced results other than what was produced by this study. But, for as far as it went, this study accomplished its goals and objectives. It proved that such cognitive therapy did work, albeit to a small degree.
From the Paper
"There are a number of factors that affect how a study is perceived and whether the conclusion of the study is deemed valid or not. Especially difficult to verify are components of studies and tests that measure or attempt to measure items of a mental nature. In assessing these types of tests, many outside factors that cannot be controlled affect the tests as well, and oftentimes these uncontrollable factors leads to controversy concerning the studies."
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Methodological Concepts, 2007.
An analysis of methodological concepts as applied in sociological (empirical) research.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a journal article by Scott South, Kyle Crowder and Erick Chavez where the issue of social mobility is discussed extensively and quantitatively. In the article, entitled, "Exiting and Entering High Poverty Neighborhoods: Latinos, Blacks, and Anglos Compared," the authors provided a profile of people, particularly based on different ethnic membership, who are most likely to go down the social mobility ladder, that is, experience high poverty. The paper discusses the four methods utilized extensively in the study: cross-sectional study, panel study, survey research and meta-analysis. The paper reveals that an important insight generated from this study is that a problem can be better resolved with the help of more than one research method.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodological Concepts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The study generated interesting findings concerning the different profiles and propensities to experience high or low poverty among the three ethnic membership studied: Latinos, Blacks, and Anglos. While the study's finding showed that Latinos are more likely to find themselves in high-poverty neighborhoods, the descent from low- to high-poverty occurs increasingly among Blacks. Meanwhile, Anglos have the least susceptibility to experience high poverty, and have the highest chance of ascending from high- to low-poverty status."
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Observational Studies of Police, 2007.
This paper discusses the ethics and risks involved in the research of police officers.
2,731 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper examines observational studies of the police officer and the risks, including ethical risks, that one might face in the course of conducting such a study. The paper notes the danger that is presented in one 'going native' and losing his/her objectivity, thereby clouding the research. The paper reviews various studies about the risks in such a research initiative. This paper finds that optimally one would research from a more detached or objective view and certainly accompany an observational study of the police officer with other types of data and analysis methods. The paper concludes how it is clear that the observational study of the police officer is one with inherent risks that the researcher should be well-prepared for.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem of Access
Impartiality
Going Native
Overt Vs Covert
Ethics
How Reliable/How Valid
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another factor to consider is the confidentiality of the information one might obtain in the conduction of research and the fact that a court order might order disclosure compliance and simultaneously conflict with principles in research and ethics. Related in one report are two specific instances when a court order might demand confidential research information being disclosed. Those two situations are: "(1) When maintaining confidentiality would undermine a defendant's right to full answer and defense, and (2) When public safety is endangered. (Lowman and Palys, nd)"
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Exercise and the Well Elderly, 2006.
This paper describes and evaluates an article by Grove and Spier entitled 'Motivating the Well Elderly to Exercise' from the "Journal of Community Health Nursing", Vol. 16., 1999.
1,160 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the researchers established that exercise is important for elderly people; however, even after redefining the frequency of exercises from three times a week to two times a week, only six out of the 137 people invited stuck with the program for six months. The author of this paper points out that, while the researchers considered using peer leaders as successful, as soon as peer leadership was part of the program, attendance declined, which suggests that the residents valued having a medical professional visibly leading the program. The paper concludes that, while the researchers accurately reported their program and presented their study in a cohesive way, they did not seem to look closely at what worked and what did not work.
Table of Contents:
Research Purpose
Research Framework
Design
Measurement, Data Collection, Data Analysis
Strengths and Weaknesses of Study
From the Paper
"The authors [of 'Motivating the Well Elderly to Exercise'] noted that although regular exercise supports good health and reduces health care costs, only about 1/3 of those over 65 exercises on a regular basis. The researchers wanted to see if making an exercise program easily available to this population would change exercise habits. The authors looked at literature on the topic and cited numerous studies demonstrating that exercise improves general health as well as heart and lung function; can reduce injuries such as hip fractures; and have positive effects on chronic conditions..."
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