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Aggressive Driving, 2007.
A discussion of aggressive driving.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines all aspects of aggressive driving. The paper explains that aggressive driving can be defined as driving that fails to consider the safety of others and that aggressive drivers know they may be driving in such a way that could endanger others. The paper then looks at the difference between road rage and aggressive driving. The paper points out that studying the behaviors of aggressive drivers and knowing what to do when someone is driving aggressively is vital in reducing the number of accidents caused by aggressive drivers. The paper then looks at why male drivers are more aggressive than females. The paper concludes with suggestions on how one can protect oneself from aggressive drivers.
Outline:
The Dangers of Aggressive Driving
Understanding Aggressive Driving Behaviors
Male Drivers Are More Aggressive than Females
Protecting Oneself Against Aggressive Drivers
From the Paper
"If a driver intentionally intends to harm another driver or another person, they can be stated to be aggressive drivers. Some people may not intend to be aggressive drivers, but they know they are taking risks that could endanger the lives of others which make them aggressive drivers. Some of the behaviors that aggressive drivers have are tailgating, failure to obey traffic signs, weaving in and out of traffic with no regard to safety, passing on the right, honking, yelling, and facial or hand gestures (Aggressive Driving). Most aggressive drivers have high levels of stress and may be angry at loved ones and/or angry at themselves. Often these drivers may have mental health problems. Three factors are in common and they are "lack of responsible driving behavior, reduced levels of traffic enforcement, and increased congestion and travel in our urban areas" (Aggressive Driving)."
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Short-Term Memory and Aging, 2008.
A discussion of the possible causes for short-term memory loss in old age.
2,550 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses short-term memory loss among the elderly. The paper points out that the habit of viewing difficulties of short-term memory loss as normal in aging is countered by knowledge of the phenomenon as a frequent indication of changes in other memory functions. The paper mentions current models, which address short-term memory in relation to brain connectivity, such that impaired short-term memory may be read as a sign for other alterations in memory or brain function that are more significant. The paper looks into a variety of causes in order to gain a better conceptualization of a condition that is a frequent symptom, rather than a disorder all its own. The paper concludes that symptoms involving cognition and memory indicate something, and are not reducible to old models of steady decline, especially mental decline, in old age.
From the Paper
"An aging North American population and much research attention given to Alzheimer's and dementia have produced considerable knowledge of help in understanding other conditions of brain function including mental and nervous disorder. Grady, Furey Et Al (2001) examined altered brain connectivity and the decline of short-term memory of a sample of Alzheimer's patients and a normal control group. Alzheimer's disorder is increasing defined as a syndrome of dysfunctional connectivity within the brain whose most apparent indication is often much impaired short-term memory. Given the technology available to neurologists and neuro-psychiatrists of today, much more is understood of what happens to the memory of the Alzheimer's patient in addition to knowledge allowing us to know more of the normal or aging person who does not present the condition. Delays in cognitive processing due to Alzheimer's changes affect other aspects of memory. For instance, impairment in the functioning of the prefrontal cortex of means the patient cannot recognize a once familiar face, or the face of a caregiver or other individual that is seen daily."
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Identity Theory vs. Functionalism, 2008.
A comparison between identity theory and functionalism.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explores functionalist theory and identity theory. Specifically, the paper briefly describes each, outlines their similarities and differences, discusses the relative shortcomings and strengths of each, and briefly advances which one is preferable. The paper concludes that, while it may be argued that functionalism is a more persuasive approach to understanding the human mind than is identity theory, ultimately neither philosophical school is entirely persuasive when it comes to explaining the activities of the human brain.
From the Paper
"At the same time, the computer analogy outlined above is infelicitous in the sense that, suggesting the "high-level" functions of the brain are shaped by the "hardware" of the brain, can raise some confusion in the minds of novice students. To wit, if "the software is a function of the hardware" ("Functionalism: How is functionalism different?" Para.2), then can it not be argued that the software is really more akin to the hardware than functionalists would have people believe? In other words, if there is such a dependency, then the difference between functionalism and identity theory is not very great, indeed; in fact, it may really not exist at all."
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Drug Addiction in Professional Nursing, 2008.
This paper explores chemical dependence in nurses and its implications for the nursing profession.
2,008 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the biological and psychosocial prerequisites for substance abuse and subsequent addiction in nurses. The paper then looks at the treatment programs available as well as the preventative measures in place. The paper also discusses the implications of substance use, abuse and subsequent dependency for present and future nursing practice.
Outline:
Introduction
Position
Predisposing Factors
Treatment
Prevention
Implications
From the Paper
"In order to understand fully the pathogenesis of addiction, the biological and psychosocial prerequisites for substance abuse and subsequent addiction will be discussed. The pathogenesis of substance dependence conforms to a general behavioral pattern of cause and effect. An external stimulus such as stress in multiple spheres of an individual's life (e.g. work/school, home, personal) may trigger an initially behavioral response to these stressors. The pleasurable stimulation from intake of these substances, the escapist theme, and the aversiveness of the "reality" of the individual's situation conditions the individual to avoid the aversive stimulus and take in these substances, where their pleasurable effects serve as a reward, a positive reinforcement for substance-seeking behavior. Behaviorally-oriented treatments involve extinction of this reinforcement."
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"28 Days", 2008.
A film review of Betty Thomas' film "28 Days".
725 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper is a critical review of Betty Thomas' movie "28 Days", starring Sandra Bullock as the protagonist, Gwen. The movie tells the story of Gwen's struggle with accepting and overcoming an addiction. The paper comments that the movie seems to follow, in a relatively textbook manner, the road from living an addiction to establishing a new and strong, sober life. The paper maintains that the movie is successful in covering the process of coming to sobriety. Also, despite the textbook nature of the movie, the paper admits that the film provides interesting insight into the process of rehabilitation. The paper concludes by recommending that the reader see the movie.
From the Paper
"Gwen's return to her old life in New York is a time of re-evaluation for her. She meets with her boyfriend and realizes that they are no longer working out together. He won't stop talking, and keeps trying to tell her good stories. Gwen says, "I'm tired of stories. I've got enough stories to tell." This is critical, for it shows that rather than continue to live the lifestyle that she has in the past, she is choosing to live a new one. This symbolically is reflected in her ability to get the horse to raise its foot. Before, while she was in rehab, she could not get it to happen, no matter how hard she tried. Now, after coming to a deeper place of peace, is able to do it. At last, after all the pain, her internal thoughts match her external actions. It is with this knowledge that she is able to tell her boyfriend goodbye, and walk away into a new life. She, in this action, does not secure her future, but rather makes one more step forward in the recovery process."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2008.
An argument that anorexia nervosa is a social construction that maintains balance in gender relations.
1,822 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how anorexia serves the purpose of ensuring that women remain in their proper position in society, with only limited power. The paper explains the beauty myth and how the female body has been socially manipulated as a means to maintain the current system of power relations between the sexes and profit the weight loss industry. The paper discusses how none of this pursuit would be possible without the mass media which defines the ideal body image and gains by exploiting the image of the anorexic. The paper appends a large amount of source material to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
The Beauty Myth
The Body as Part of Culture
The Mass Media
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Anorexia nervosa is a condition that affects virtually only women and is also an epidemic which has attained similar proportions to AIDS. Far from being a disease on the personal level, anorexia involves the whole society and its structures. The most effective way to approach anorexia is through the structural functionalist perspective because anorexia serves a purpose in maintaining the status quo for the society. Wolf (1997, p. 187) terms the trend the great weight shift which "must be understood as one of the major historical developments of the century, a direct solution to the dangers posed by the women's movement and economic and reproductive freedom"."
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 2008.
A case study analysis of a patient requiring cognitive behavioral therapy treatment and the expected outcome of the treatment.
1,089 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a psychology patient who is a 35- year-old married female from a working class background. It lists the presenting problems, as well as the relevant behavioral observations that were made of the client. The paper then presents a diagnostic formulation and clinical formulation. Finally, the paper discusses treatment options and lists the expected outcomes for the patient.
Table of Contents:
Assessment
Presenting Problems
Relevant Behavioral Observations
Diagnostic Formulation
Clinical Formulation
Diversity/Cultural Issues
Treatment Formulation
Outcomes Expected
From the Paper
"Based on processes of cognitive behavioral therapy it is apparent that first, Clarissa needs to be aware of the reasons that she is experiencing the feelings that are impacting her existence, i.e., the results of her first marriage. Additionally, Clarissa needs to understand how her gender role philosophy has impacted her inability to take action and be a full partner in her current relationship. These realizations can be accomplished through counseling and the client being capable of discussing the issues that are impacting her life realistically."
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The Holocaust's Criminals, 2008.
An examination of the motivations behind the soldiers and other German officials who participated in the methodical extermination of approximately six million of Europe's Jews.
3,073 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the question of how so many otherwise ordinary, moral German citizens could; first, so broadly adopt the practice of violence; and second, could relish so fully in its practice. The paper notes that this question is one of the primary questions historians and humans in general have been forced to grapple with in light of one of the most horrific chapters in world history--the Jewish Holocaust. The paper further relates that it remains undeniable that something or someone drove these individuals to inflict pain and death of such massive proportions. The paper then goes on to discuss some of the explanations that are given in attempts to identify more general patterns, and more conclusive answers to the social and psychological phenomena responsible for human acts of malice.
From the Paper
"Another explanation that relies upon the notion of mandatory conformity is connected strongly with the mob mentality and the following of orders. Writers like Christopher R. Browning point to instances in which groups of Nazi officers initially felt ill-suited to the acts of violence they were ordered to commit, but eventually became quite accustomed to them. "Once entangled, people encounter a series of 'blinding factors' or 'cementing mechanisms' that make disobedience or refusal even more difficult." This approach takes into account the joy expressed by many Nazi executioners by attributing it to peer pressures, pressures from above, and routine exposure to bloodshed. Still, it seems difficult to argue that the majority of the Nazi's who perpetrated the Holocaust were simply "going with the flow," and had no ideological or moral association with the actions they took. This would be to deny that the forces that brought the Nazi's to power had any association with romantic visions of Germany's future--that deeply rooted emotional ties supported the Nazi's racial cause and dream."
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Personality and Developmental Stages, 2008.
An overview of personality theories and developmental stages according to Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson and Karen Horney.
2,381 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how psychoanalytic theory has had one of the most influential impacts on personality theory and development. It looks at how Freud, Erikson and Horney have uniquely contributed to the stimulation of new ideas regarding the human psyche and its development from infancy to adulthood to death.
Outline:
Introduction
Freud: Psychoanalytic Theory
Erikson and Development
Horney and Development
From the Paper
"It is of historical interest that although Freud spent nearly his entire life formulating, reformulating and developing his theories into one cohesive framework, the fundamental concepts behind psychoanalytic theory remained unrefined. It would be up to his followers to branch out from his theories, taking with them an important classical psychoanalytic construct that would later become a "neo-Freudian" theory independent of its classical roots. Although they shared the common notion that his view on sexuality was overemphasized, they retained the structural model of the psyche (particularly the ego) and, with regard to development, the different stages with corresponding tasks or conflicts that must be resolved for normal development. "
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The Authoritative Parenting Style, 2008.
An analysis of the authoritative style of parenting and how it can be relevant in the mental health setting.
907 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the authoritative style of parenting and compares it to the authoritarian style. It discusses precisely what makes a parenting style authoritative in nature. It then looks at how parenting styles can be a focus of attention in the mental health setting. The paper concludes with a brief examination of how an authoritarian parenting style was of benefit to the writer as a young person.
Table of Contents:
What is Authoritative Parenting?
Authoritative Parenting and Psychology
Response
From the Paper
"The best outcome occurs with the application of the authoritative parenting style. This parenting style provides guidance without the excessive control demanded by the authoritarian parent. The authoritative parenting style relinquishes enough control over the child to permit the child to experience personal decision-making. However, it also contrasts with the permissive parenting style by providing enough guidance to enable the child to develop "appropriate morals and goals" (Bornstein & Bornstein, 2007, p. 2). A permissive parent, for example, might say that a child can go to his or her friend's house without first learning if the friend's parents will also be home. An authoritarian parent may deny the child permission regardless of any facts in the case. By contrast, the authoritarian parent uses both the facts and the child's needs as factors and may even include the child in the decision-making process."
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Personal Trust and Self-Confidence, 2008.
This paper describes a personal experience in which a person, Steve, whom the author trusted, has let him down and how this occurrence affected the author's sense of personal trust and self-confidence.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, in terms of self-concept, the author of the paper learned from his altercation with Steve that his self-esteem was directly impacted by the loyalty of others, which he had never sensed before in other similar experiences. The author realizes that he too often makes sweeping generalizations about others, possibly caused by his desire to trust without hesitation, which has led to many instances of disappointment that affected his self-esteem. The paper relates that this epiphany has given him a great deal of personal strength. The author states that, instead of viewing the situation as a new generalization that no one can be trusted, he was able to see that he can always trust himself to get done what needs to be done. The author underscores that, in terms of Steve's behavior, while many people try to follow the social rules around them, some are unable to actually handle the relationships with others thus they inflate their own self-concepts.
From the Paper
"At this point, I had stopped searching for a used car. I had utmost confidence that Steve would come through, despite his recent lapses in communication. Another week passed, and I received no word of my car. I decided to call again. There was no answer. I began to realize that there never actually was an answer--only the answering service. I called and called. I became desperate. School was about to begin and I had no vehicle and no supplemental income. I had been waiting for Steve...but, who was Steve? In the end, Steve did call me back. It was over a month later that I received the call, only to be curtly chastised for my annoying requests."
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Ebbinghaus' Memory Research, 2008.
This paper explores Herman Ebbinghaus' major contributions to our understanding of memory.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Herman Ebbinghaus' contributions to the discipline of psychology, particularly his contributions regarding aspects of human memory. The paper examines the intellectual tradition from which Ebbinghaus built his theories, notably the work of Wilhelm Wundt, and highlights the implications his work has had for contemporary practices in psychology. The paper shows how Ebbinghaus made a lasting contribution to the history and development of psychology, specifically in his work that applied experimental research to study the formation of associations.
From the Paper
"Indeed, Ebbinghaus was the first psychologist to investigate the properties of human memory. Ebbinghaus was influenced by the British empiricists, and he began with the assumption that memory involved the formation of new associations and that such associations would be strengthened through repetition. He wanted to observe this process and so developed tests using a set of items to be committed to memory. These items were called "nonsense syllables," meaning they would have no associations with known words that might somehow mediate memory. Lists of these nonsense syllables would have perhaps twenty items, and he would memorize these lists by reading and repeating each syllable to himself."
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Adult Onset of Schizophrenia, 2008.
This paper examines the psychological disorder of schizophrenia.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that schizophrenia is a psychological disorder from an underlying brain disorder and that individuals diagnosed with acute schizophrenia have hallucinations and delusions. The paper then relates that individuals having lesser symptoms experience withdrawal, social isolation, and unusual speech, thinking or behavior. The paper also points out that although there are many mental disorders, schizophrenia is more complex yet it affects approximately 1 percent of people globally. The paper then explores the etiology, characteristics, assessment, and treatment of schizophrenia.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Etiology
Characteristics
Assessments
Treatment and Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Schizophrenia, a complex mental health disorder, involves a harsh, persistent, and hindering interruption of the brain. There is no specific cause of obtaining schizophrenia. However research has suggested that it develops from a chemical imbalance in the brain from inherited factors such as genetics, behavioral, and environmental conditions. Schizophrenia affects men and women however the symptoms are more prone to men in their late teens and/or early 20s, women between 20s and 30s. Individual diagnosed with severe schizophrenia may have hallucinations or delusions. Lesser symptoms include individuals with disordered thinking. A licensed psychiatrist usually diagnoses schizophrenia. Treatment is given to individuals with schizophrenia by many factors i.e. age, health, medical history and therapy."
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Paranoid Schizophrenia in "Sophie's Choice", 2008.
An analysis of the indications of paranoid schizophrenia in the character of Nathan Landau in William Styron's 1979 novel, "Sophie's Choice" and the 1982 film adaptation directed by Alan J. Pakula.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of schizophrenia of the paranoid type as shown in the character of Nathan Landau in William Styron's 1979 novel, "Sophie's Choice" and the 1982 film adaptation directed by Alan J. Pakula. The paper describes the character of Nathan Landau and then looks at the indications of paranoid schizophrenia that are evident. The paper presents some personal concluding remarks.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nathan Landau
Indications of Paranoid Schizophrenia
Findings on Paranoid Schizophrenia
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Indeed, this paper might have argued that Nathan Landau actually suffered from acute bipolar disorder, or bipolar disorder with psychotic features, but a start was made from the character of his brother and the revelation of paranoid schizophrenia. The latter suits a film set in the 1940s when a great many patients stood to be diagnosed with schizophrenia that might today be assessed differently and in the presence of drugs to reduce or eliminate symptoms, at any rate, making a precise diagnosis less important. Tsuang Et Al (2000) explained how psychiatrists in the present tend to diagnose broadly a psychotic disorder of particular features so as to not rule out the possibility of bipolar disorder or non-specific psychosis to create what may be paranoid or other features. At the same time, bipolar patients often present anger, but less often the persecutory delusions shown by Nathan Landau in different episodes in which Sophie is the target of his disordered thinking, accusations and emotional attacks."
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Police Officers Stressors and Supervision, 2008.
A research analysis and comparison of police officers' internal stressors and their supervisors' perceptions of those stressors.
2,812 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 34 sources, APA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper studies and compares, through survey inquiries, police officers' perceived stressors and supervisors' perceptions of those stressors. The analysis of the data prioritizes officers' perceived internal stressors and then compares the rank order of these stressors from both an officer group and a supervisor group. The paper presents the research design and the conclusions of the study.
Table of Contents:
Outline
Background of the Problem
Purpose Statement
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Theoretical Framework
Scope of the Study
Limitations
Delimitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An additional factor which must be considered is the stage of the career of any participant in the survey. A good deal of testing has been done concerning police applicants. Speilberger, Westberry, Grier and Greenfield (1981) studied only individuals who had left police departments, which in many instances marked the end of their police careers. The focus group survey will need to give due consideration to whether or not an individual officer's responses reflect the stage of the development of his or her own career, and the individual's perceived prospects for the future of his or her career."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2008.
A critique of the film "What About Bob?" by Frank Oz and book
"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The Latest Assessment and Treatment Strategies" by Gail Steketee.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a critique of a film, What About Bob", and a book, "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The latest Assessmentand Treatment Strategies, which are both about obsessive compulsive disorder. The paper explains that the author learned from the film that the sociopathic, interpersonal behaviors, which the character of Bob in the film exhibits, are some of the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). The paper then relates that a major area of contention in the book is the use of medications to help resolve the common symptoms of OCD. The author stresses that Steketee provides a great deal of insight about behavioral therapy, which provides far more solutions to OCD than the medicinal and surgical treatments often found in other studies done for patient treatment.
From the Paper
"Some of the others question about Steketee's reliance on behavioral therapy for treatment is the Appendix where she describes many of the findings of clinical studies that provide information about behavioral therapy. Certainly, the success rates of behavioral therapy need to be addressed far more often than the heavily sponsored pharmaceutical studies being done due to their massive financial resources. Steketee provides the foundation for behavioral studies that give her the premise of providing more behavioral solutions for patients that are suffering from this disorder."
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