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Jean Piaget, 2008.
A biography of psychologist Jean Piaget and a look at his work in cognitive development.
3,963 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 32 sources, APA, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the life of Jean Piaget who was born in 1896 in Neuchatel in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. The paper discusses his education and his career, focussing particularly on how he developed his four stages of cognitive development and how he continues to influence many intellectual fields.
Outline:
The Stages of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Understanding Of the Mind of the Child
The Developmental Process
Influence
Developmental Psychology
Education
Historical Studies of Thought and Cognition
From the Paper
"While helping to mark the results of the responses to various intelligence tests, Piaget noticed that on certain question, young children consistently answered wrongly. He became intrigued with the fact that children at certain ages consistently adhered to the same pattern of mistakes, while they learned that their answers were wrong as they matured. In a moment of insight, Piaget reasoned that at certain stages of a child's life, a young child's cognitive processes, the way it thinks, is profoundly different from the thought process of an adult. Eventually, his research led him to set forth a theory of developmental stages in which he reasoned that in each of four stages of development, individuals exhibit certain distinctive common cognitive patterns."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2008.
A discussion of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among Americans.
1,953 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In particular, the paper describes what the disorder is, how prevalent it appears to be among Americans, what the etiology of the disease is, and what treatments are available to combat it. In addressing these matters, the paper looks at some empirical studies that have emerged in recent years and how they shape our understanding of this still largely inscrutable illness. In conclusion, the paper shows that it appears as though behavioral therapy is the best course of action - and considerably more preferable than any drug regimen.
From the Paper
"The same path-breaking empirical work also goes further with regards to evaluating sub-categories of obsessive-compulsive neuroses. For one thing, there are six discrete sub-categories of obsessive-compulsive thoughts that researchers as early as the middle 1970s found enormously important and pervasive among patients. For instance, there is the motif of "dirt and contamination"; the theme of "aggression"; the theme of "inanimate-impersonal"; religious motifs; sexual obsessions; and miscellany of one sort or another that could not be comfortably placed in any of the preceding categories."
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Patton, Motivation and Leadership, 2008.
This paper looks at the motivations behind those in positions of power in the workplace.
806 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the case of George S. Patton, a skilled military commander. The paper shows how selfishness, a desire for self-aggrandizement and a need for power were what motivated him to lead as he did. The paper discusses how, while Patton's forceful nature and general competence made him an effective administrator in many ways, his selfishness and obvious character flaws made him a deeply flawed leader.
From the Paper
"It is often conceded that life is fundamentally a quest for power ("Power, Love and Sex at Work," 117). For all intents and purposes, power is the ability of one individual to shape the activities of another individual or group of individuals; in other words, it is the ability of one party to make another party do what he or she would otherwise be disinclined to do. Naturally enough, there are people who are consumed by the "Power motive" and will seek out power wherever they find it. That being said, the pursuit of power does not necessarily involve running for high office or campaigning for an elevated position within an organization; to wit, people who seek power may also find some semblance of it in drug use, the exploitation of others (most notably loved ones) and in the constant embrace of risk-taking behavior entailing physical challenges or threats of one kind or another ("Power, Love, and Sex at Work," 118)."
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Homesickness and Residential Patterns in International Students, 2008.
An examination of how homesickness affects international students in a higher education setting.
2,886 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper examines international student homesickness in relation to 25 students boarding on campus and 25 living off the campus of Bryant University in Rhode Island. The paper explains that both groups of international students reported the same phenomenon of homesickness as countered by social interaction, as a positive adjustment, as is encouraged by the institution. The paper discusses how questionnaires and informal interviews substantiated research addressing homesickness as a usual aspect of adjusting to higher education away from home.
The paper then looks at what residential circumstances best aid the newly arrived international student towards satisfactory adjustment and school performance. In conclusion, the paper shows that rather than viewing homesickness as a mere problem to be somehow eradicated, homesickness came into view as a normal, predictable aspect of joining a college away from one's home and the greater challenges of completing a degree as it involves far more than simply completing academic or other formal requirements.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature
Method
Results
Discussion
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"When these recurring, what seemed principal student experiences were raised again in 10 informal interviews after the questionnaire responses had been examined, subjects elaborated on having made more or less positive adjustments to their first-year in a foreign university. However, they also found homesickness was a troublesome as it was unexpected, in terms of its intensity at different times. All interviewees said they had very much looked forward to the adventure of studying abroad, as compared to having come abroad to study in response to the expectations or orders of parents or other family members. It seemed significant that all interviewees reported how they had tried to keep busy and to be engaging with other students, and that they had many distractions from their homesickness in their academic work and other activities. Nevertheless, a degree of homesickness could seem always or usually present."
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Nursing and the Therapeutic Relationship, 2008.
An analysis of the role and responsibility of the mental health nurse in forming a relationship with a client.
2,396 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the characteristics of relationships that are formed between clients and mental health professionals. It defines and describes the mental health professional's role and responsibilities in establishing a successful relationship with the client. The paper also looks at the characteristics that the mental health nurse must possess in order to be successful in her position.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Role and Relationship
Therapeutic Skills
Trust and Commitment
Suspension of Moral Judgment
Empathy
Freedom to Speak Openly
Legal Limitations on Therapeutic Counseling
Problematic Relationships
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Additionally, the mental health professional must work to maintain a professional relationship with the client that is built on objective, empathic recognition of the client's past and current histories, which will help facilitate insight into how and why the client makes specific decisions and how the client frames his or her relationships with others. Limitations imposed by professional standards and the obligations that the therapist has towards the client also serve to define their roles. When this is accomplished, the mental health professional can empower the client with autonomous self-directed decision-making skills, which in turn give the client the ability to make progress when he or she is not currently engaged in the therapy process."
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Hermaphroditism, 2008.
This paper discusses the history of the approach to intersexuality cases, an unusual physiological condition in which the genitalia are ambiguous, also known as hermaphroditism.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as hermaphroditism became an established issue in science, two major concerns were raised by sociologists and scientists: How is sex defined and who has the authority or legal right to decide the sex of intersexed infants? The author points out that, in most cases, the patient is assigned as male or female because society is so conditioned to accept only a binary gender system. The paper stresses that it is not always possible for gender assignment to be purely the patient's decision, especially in the case of a new-born infant. The author underscores that selecting the "true" sex or "brain sex" demonstrates the difficulty in distinguishing between the physical and the psychological factors of intersexuality. The paper concludes that gender cannot be changed by social conditioning.
From the Paper
"However, this has caused some critics to complain that people might want to go through sex reassignment surgery for inadequate or frivolous reasons, such as a male who wants to speak in a high voice and walk in heels undergoing sex reassignment surgery to become a "female". At a more fundamental level, critics charge that all the surgery does is merely alter the biological sex of that particular male. However, it cannot change the psychological sex, and in fact it is the psychological sex that drives this "male" to undergo surgery."
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Schizophrenia: A Case Study, 2008.
This paper looks at the case of an older male who is being treated for schizophrenia.
1,717 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
The writer, a cognitive behavioral therapist, discusses the case of a 67-year-old man suffering from schizophrenia who is being treated with a course of cognitive behavioral therapy. The writer provides a description of the schizophrenic patient and looks at the specific therapeutic goals for the patient. The writer relates the patient's course of treatment and his progress.
Outline:
Introduction
Relevant Treatment Goals
Relative Treatment Goals
Course of Treatment
Treatment Outcomes
From the Paper
"The client in this study is a 67-year-old man suffering from schizophrenia. He is also a black man, and his ideas about race contribute to his paranoia as a black man in white society. He spent a total of 37 years in prison, more than half his life, sentenced to 7 years for attempted murder and 30 years for attempted rape. He is currently being treated at the Walter P. Carter Center near Baltimore. He is fully aware of the nature of his condition and participates as much as he can in his treatment."
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Sex Has Been Gender All Along, 2007.
An examination of the re-framing of the concepts "sex" and "gender".
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper re-frames the concepts of "sex" and "gender". In this paper the term "sex" refers primarily to biological traits, while the term "gender" refers to the behaviors associated with a particular biological sex, rather than merely the biological sex itself. The paper shows that the existentialist Simone de Beauvoir was one of the trailblazers who opened up this field, while Judith Butler completely re-framed the concepts of "sex" and "gender." The paper then points out that Butler's re-framing moved the spotlight from a subject self with a biological sex/gender, to a performance of gender. The paper also looks at how this re-framing of "sex" and "gender" has had the consequence of freeing gender expression from previous restrictions - at least theoretically. The writer concludes that no gender positions are natural, or entirely dictated by biology. Rather, they are all constructed.
From the Paper
"Up until around the middle of the 20th century, it was almost universally believed that gender is assigned by biology, so that maleness inevitably implies masculinity, and femaleness inevitably implies femininity. It was also widely assumed that all infants are born clearly and indisputably either one sex or the other, and that once they reach sexual maturity they will inevitably and universally wish to choose a sexual partner of the opposite sex. This group of assumptions is sometimes referred to as biological essentialism (Butler; Fausto-Sterling, Sexing the Body; Salih)."
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Self-Identity and Cultural Inheritance, 2008.
This paper is a personal essay reviewing the intersection between an individual's cultural inheritance and the formulation of his personal identity and persona.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the curious intersection between our cultural inheritance and the formulation of our personal identities and personas. Specifically, the next several pages look at the defining features of the cultural group of which the author is a part, and then looks at how the author's native language (and a few others) and his cultural inheritance have both shaped his self-identity. The author concludes that, in the final analysis, we are most often the product of sociological (or socio-linguistic) factors and less so intrinsic or biological ones.
From the Paper
"In an interesting study on language learning within different social and cultural contexts, Mei-Yu Lu (1998) illustrated a number of differences between various groups of children with regards to how each group used language to communicate. For instance, a study conducted by Wong-Fillmore (1989) found that Chinese-speaking children tended to be more adult-oriented insofar as they interacted more frequently with adults than with peers; it is also worth noting that these children (in contrast with other minority children) focused chiefly upon meeting the expectations of adults.", Wong-Fillmore found that Hispanic-speaking children were more peer-oriented and turned to peers first when confronted with problems they could not resolve on their own (for another study that corroborates these findings, please see Heath, 1986). Given my own observations, I would expect that Anglo-Saxon children, especially if they found themselves in the minority within any classroom or social setting, would turn first to the adults around them than to their peers - largely because the retiring nature of Anglo-Saxons (on balance, of course, for generalizations are always a dangerous thing) would make them gravitate towards formal and predictable modes of discourse
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Effective Programs for Correctional Rehabilitation, 2008.
An analysis of effective programs for recidivism reduction in substance abusers.
728 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the principles of effective intervention that form the basis for appropriate treatment programs established in the community. It especially focuses on programs that result in successful recidivism reduction. The paper then discusses the principles of recidivism reduction as they apply to the treatment of substance abusers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Substance Abusers
From the Paper
"Evaluation of the radical behavioral approach is made through an assessment of how effectively that approach is reducing offenders' criminogenic needs, their level of risk, and the long-term objective of reducing later recidivism (Van Voorhis, et al., 2005). A process evaluation will determine whether clients are learning such information as how to identify high risk situations. Outcome evaluation will determine how the offender has changed in terms of substance abuse and recidivism."
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The Social Sciences and Youth Violence, 2008.
This paper discusses the causality of youth violence from the perspective of the social sciences disciplines of anthropology, psychology and sociology
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that this anthropological study of youth violence takes an ethnographic approach. The paper then points out that psychology looks at youth violence in terms of cause and effect and how those related issues can determine methods of prevention through intervention with human behavior. In addition, the paper relates that sociology studies the culture of youth violence seeking ways to change the manner in which society functions to correct the problem. The author concludes that these social sciences need to reexamine themselves and make efforts to bring their methodologies into the twenty-first century; however, there is room for all of the current disciplines to co-exist in today's world.
From the Paper
"Judging by recent events, the questions asked by Courtney (1999) are as relevant today as they were when the article was written. Courtney asks why do boys and men commit 95% of the violent crimes in the United States? Why do teen homicides frequently have the common denominator of boys killing boys with guns? Why do one in 10 high school boys carry guns to school, in contrast to one in 70 girls? The answer, Courtney explains, has roots in today's society. Although we tell boys to solve things peacefully, boys are often represented in the media as resolving issues by fighting."
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The Meaning of Life, 2008.
A research study on the meaning of life.
1,969 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an adequate research methodology to outline how age and different characteristics or measurement criteria affect the general notion of how an individual accounts for his existence. The paper explains that the meaning of life ,in this study, is analyzed outside the realm of philosophy. The paper then points out that psychology is one of the few social sciences that provides the necessary objective rather than subjective analysis of such a loaded question. The paper then explains the research design and all the variables.
Outline:
Research Questions
Literature Review (Background Research)
Study Design: Variables
Results: VAR Frequencies: Analyzing Meaning of Life Categories for Age Cohorts; Non-Parametric Test (Spearman's Correlation); Independent Samples Test (t-test for Equality of Means)
Discussion
From the Paper
"As it relates to the idea that specific sources of meaning in life are different in younger compared to older persons; this study proves that this is not the case, in fact, there is a great degree of consistency across age cohorts, as it relates to the categorizations of meaning of life between the two groups (see figure 1 above). What is even more interesting is the similarities between the relative VAR frequencies between the two groups.
"Commitment to meaning in life and the degree of meaning did not have a strong linear relationship; this shows that irrespective of age criterions, individuals associated the relative meaning in life independently from commitment."
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"Nun's Priest's Tale", 2008.
This paper uses medieval dream analysis to unravel multiple themes in Geoffrey Chaucer's "Nun's Priest's Tale".
2,158 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that dreams and their medieval interpretation are central to the structure of the "Nun's Priest's Tale". The paper looks at the style and illustrates how this story is clearly a sophisticated treatment of the beast fable. The paper shows how, although Chaucer refuses simple interpretation, the tale is a powerful meditation on human fallibility.
Outline:
Introduction
Style and Characterization
Role of Poem in Chaucer's Narrative
Analyzing Medieval Dreams
Exploring the Beast Fable
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Nun's Priest's Tale is a 625 line segment of the Canterbury Tales, which is preceded directly by the monk's long and depressing narrative on the lives of fallen men and women. After the Knight interrupts this gloomy account, the Host turns and asks the Nun's Priest to "Telle us swich thyng as may oure hertes glade" (2811) and enliven the mood. In asking a clergyman to recount a secular tale of merriment, particularly after his holy brethren the monk had just offered a long and moralizing account of fame and hubris, the Host is making a sidelong jab at the sanctity of men of the cloth."
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 2008.
An analysis of the benefits and criticisms of the therapeutic approach of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). It discusses the origin and philosophy of CBT, as well as its key conceptual issues. The paper then describes the therapeutic approach of CBT in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the paper discusses the contributions of CBT as well as the criticism of it in terms of it being a valid form of therapy.
Table of Contents:
Origin and Philosophy of CBT
Key Conceptual Issues
Therapeutic Approach of CBT
CBT: Contributions and Criticisms
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conclusion, although other theories of psychotherapy have been popular in the past, such as Freudian and Jungian psychoanalysis, CBT now enjoys broad popularity among a wide range of practitioners. Especially when paired with pharmacological treatment, it appears to offer a balanced methodology that is backed up by empirical support from clinical trials. Although most effectively leveraged in the treatment of depressive disorders, and on behalf of patients with clearly defined nervous triggers, there is potential for CBT to be even further expanded in the future."
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Bulimia Nervosa, 2008.
This paper is a teaching plan for nurses to address the problem of bulimia nervosa, especially during pregnancy.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that education on bulimia nervosa is important for nurses because bulimia threatens the long-term health of newborns and mothers. The author relates that, at the end of the teaching session, the client will be able to understand the concerns that are raised by bulimic behavior during pregnancy, the difference between reasonable steps to control weight gain during and after pregnancy and risk-prone bulimic behavior, the range of resources and the negative perception given bulimic behavior. The paper stresses that, in pregnant women, bulimia can cause cardiac compromise to the fetus. The author underscores that the unique component of the teaching plan is its emphasis on the anti-social aspects of bulimia.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review of the Literature-
Teaching Project Objectives
Teaching Material
The Creative Element
From the Paper
"Bowers remains a classic overview of bulimia nervosa. Bowers has followed up his suggestions on cognitive therapy with a study on the use of medications to enhance outcomes of such therapies. Other studies have found eating present in pre-adolescents. The supposed genetic component has now been dismissed. Recent studies give a cue to addressing the problem: Bulimia carries social costs. It is perceived in a very negative light."
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"Lord of the Flies" and "1984", 2008.
A discussion of two books dealing with the bleakness of human nature -"Lord of the Flies" by William Golding and "1984" by George Orwell.
794 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how both William Golding in "Lord of the Flies" and George Orwell in "1984" present a grim view of human nature, a view that indicates that humanity has an irresistible tendency to fall into an abyss of depravity and oppression. The paper explains that at first, Golding seems to offer a less pessimistic view of human nature than Orwell does but in the end their views are nearly identical. The paper looks at how Golding's boys begin free from the oppressions of society, but fall into savagery and how Orwell's society has already fallen before the novel opens, and escape is out of the question. The writer concludes that, in the end, it is harder to say whose vision is more negative, and a reader can do little more than hope that neither author is correct in his bleak vision.
From the Paper
"Orwell presents a society already fallen. The Party controls every aspect of life, especially through the control of the constant propaganda that is bombarded on the inhabitants of Oceana, in which London is located. With the telescreens that watch every person (Orwell 2, 5-6, 9, 11, 27, 97, 148), the "two-minutes hate" each day, to the monthly public hangings (Orwell 23-4, 49-50, 57), the constant fear of the thought police (Orwell 4-5, 62, 101), grim depravation in which goods are always in short supply (Orwell 49, 162), and everything from cigarettes (Orwell 5), to gin (Orwell 5, 77, 150) to housing (Orwell 20-21), is of such poor quality that there is no possibility of joy in life (Orwell 41, 49, 60-61), this is a totalitarian society."
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