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Public Service Announcement: Marriage Techniques, 2008.
A description of a workshop aimed at married couples who are experiencing problems in their marriage.
1,259 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some reasons for the current high divorce rate, in particular, the lack of interpersonal communication, and proposes a workshop that will help married couples to regain contact with the self, and through this, reestablish contact with a partner. The author explains that self-love is not selfish but a sound basis for personal as well as marital happiness. The loss of self-love leads to a loss of self-esteem and self-respect, which in turn causes resentment of the partner. The author describes the proposed workship in detail and concludes by expressing the belief that all people have within them the ability to make their marriages work, if they are willing to look beyond their resentment and personal pain.
Outline
Introduction
Overview
Target Audience
Learning Objectives
From the Paper
"According to authors such as Bob Narindra and Sandra T. Spalding, communication is one of the most important foundations of a good marriage. However, the way in which this communication occurs can become problematic. One of the partners may for example communicate by fighting all the time, while the other partner responds by being fearful for the majority of their lives together. Others may interact with silence, facial expressions, and gestures. Communication styles differ among people. The particular style is not of importance. What is important, is that communication should occur effectively. Each partner needs to be able to interact in a way that makes him or her feel satisfied and valued. This often does not happen, and I believe that the core of the problem is a lack of self-esteem in at least one partner. This can be remedied by self-love."
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Early Sex Education to Prevent STD's and Early Pregnancy, 2008.
A discussion about the best way for children to gain their sex education.
1,294 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that children should be taught sex education at early ages to prevent STD's and early pregnancy. In addition, it argues that children and teenagers need more in their sex education than how to prevent problems. The primary arguments addressed in this paper include the following components: the role of the parents, the role of the church, and the role of the educational institution.
From the Paper
"There is certainly a problem with STD's and early pregnancy, but the causes for both are different. STD's may be caused by unsafe behavior or promiscuousness. The more promiscuous the teen, the higher the chance of STD being acquired (Hopkins). Part of the reason that there is such a high transmission rate of STD (twice as high as in Europe) amongst teens is that there is a gulf between 'planned' and 'spontaneous' sexual activity. It is unlikely that the teen, schooled in the prevention of STD's and pregnancy with condoms, is likely to use them in the heat of the moment; this goes a long way to explaining the high rate of unexpected teen pregnancies.
Contrary to the assertions of some conservative groups, sex education does not promote promiscuity. Contrary to the assertions of some liberal groups, it does not reduce it. Nor does it result in a meaningful reduction in either STD transmission or teen pregnancy (Dreweke). Abstinence education also does not show an effect in public education (Beil). Since none of these programs offered through public schools is effective in reducing STD or teen pregnancy, the debate about increasing their use in public schools is moot--nothing works."
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Nurse Training in Cardiac Procedures, 2008.
A review of the benefits of pre-operative nursing teaching on the stress/anxiety levels of patients who undergo heart surgeries.
8,617 words (approx. 34.5 pages), 25 sources, APA, AU$ 235.95
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Abstract
The paper states that a patient undergoing any heart-related procedure could expect to experience a certain amount of stress which goes beyond the physical stresses associated with the procedure. Emotional responses before, during, and after the procedure have an impact on the ability of the patient to cope. The paper notes that additional stress affects the patient's recovery and his willingness to make life changes to accommodate his condition and also has a negative effect on his family. This paper examines the effectiveness of nurse training on reducing the stress level of the patient postoperatively.
Outline:
Chapter 1: Research Problem
Significance of the Problem
Theoretical Basis of the Study
Experimental Overview
Hypotheses/Research Questions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The test group will receive the training, while the control group will receive no pre-operative training. After the patients undergo their procedure and spend the required time in the hospital, they will be administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults as part of their pre-discharge routine. This survey instrument is a standard instrument that is useful in addressing stress related to traumatic events such as medical procedures. There is a considerable amount of information available about this survey instrument and its reliability traits. It is expected that there will be significant differences between the control and test groups. The test group is expected to demonstrate reduced anxiety, as opposed to the control group."
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Nature Vs. Nurture, 2008.
A look at the roles of genetics and the environment in the development of the personality.
1,211 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how behavior is partly a function of inherent biological factors and partly a function of external conditioning and exposure to the environment. The paper first outlines the findings of experimental observation of primates with known biological predispositions that suggests that the environment is more important than genetics. The paper then examines studies of identical human twins and deviant behavior that suggest that biology and environment are equally responsible for behavior. The paper concludes that our psychological development is likely a function of the complex interrelationship between our genetic heritage and the many influential experiences to which we are exposed during our formative developmental stages.
Outline:
Introduction
Nature
Nurture
Interplay Between Nature and Nurture
The Significance of Extreme (Deviant) Human Behavior and Identical Twin Studies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Human beings and other so-called "higher" forms of biological life are products of their environments in many respects. Exposure to certain environmental factors and being reared under certain circumstances can influence the direction of many types of behavior. At the same time, the field of genetics demonstrates conclusively that inheritance also determines much of the development of everything from fundamental aspects of personality to the most superficial habits, likes, and dislikes."
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The Immune System and Stress, 2008.
This paper looks at the possible effects of stress on the immune system.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the immune system. Specifically, the writer discusses how negative emotions such as anger, depression, sadness, over-thinking and anxiety can affect the immune system. The writer points out that almost all forms of stress, such as anger, depression, sadness, and anxiety can negatively affect the immune system. Studies show this can lead to many other ailments and diseases, including cancer. The writer maintains that stress is a powerful force and it can cause powerful reactions in our bodies. Too much stress can also lead to permanent damage, as several medical studies indicate. The writer concludes that managing stress and anxiety is good for a healthy existence, and as these studies show, it can also help to reduce instances of serious diseases such as cancer.
From the Paper
"This build up of the immune system to chronic stress can also lead to many other conditions, such as tolerance and dependency on many types of drugs. For example, a person under chronic stress who relies on aspirin or other pain relievers may develop a tolerance to the drugs, requiring more drugs to gain the same affect as fewer drug dosages before. Thus, the immune system in high gear can build up tolerances to drugs and other medications in its continued effort to protect the body and fight stress and anxiety. This is also dangerous, because the patient must take more drugs to gain the same result, and some drugs may simply become useless, leading the patient to need new drugs, or perhaps to a situation where no drugs will work against the problem. Continued stress, then, can lead to a wide variety of health problems, all concerning how the immune system reacts and what it does to manage the body in times of stress."
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Schizophrenia and Nash, 2008.
This paper looks at professor John Nash's struggle with schizophrenia, concentrating on the movie "A Beautiful Mind", directed by Ron Howard.
1,337 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of schizophrenia. Specifically, the writer discusses the film "A Beautiful Mind" directed by Ron Howard, which discusses Professor John Nash's lifelong battle with schizophrenia. The writer points out that the film chronicles Nash's life, but most of all it gives a graphic portrait of what it is like to live inside the mind of a schizophrenic. The writer discusses that there are many parts of this movie that seem so real, and yet they all occurred in Nash's mind, showing the difficulties of living and working with schizophrenia. The writer notes that it also brings public awareness to the disease, and that is a positive aspect of the film.
From the Paper
"This film follows the progression of schizophrenia, from its roots when Nash was a young man, to the culmination, which leaves Nash able to cope with the disease and still function relatively normally. In between, the disease is a central focus of the movie, giving a good look into what it must be like to live with this terrible disease. As with many people who suffer from this disease, Nash manages to live through the worst of it, and emerge later in life relatively able to continue his work and live his life normally. This is common with this disease, and so is the onset in late adolescence or early adulthood, just as Nash is depicted in the film. Early in his life, he seems normal, if a bit too obsessed with mathematics and solutions to complex problems. He seems more or less like his other friends, except for his preoccupation with his problem solving and educational issues and he seems like he has a bright future ahead of him. However, there always seems to be something shadowy in the background and as the film progresses, it becomes clear that Nash is suffering from something that affects his mind, and that tit could have very dire consequences on his life and career."
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Childhood Animacy, 2008.
A meta-research examination of Jean Piaget's conclusions on development of the concept of animacy.
2,580 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Jean Piaget argued that, until the age of eleven or twelve, children were fundamentally animistic, the incapacity to be able to clearly differentiate between animate and inanimate objects. The paper presents a complete meta-research analysis into this theory, which reveals that the wide body of literature on the subject undermines Piaget's claims. The paper's findings illustrate that the development of this psychological concept occurs much earlier in the developmental process, even as early as age three or four. The paper concludes that, whatever Piaget's contributions to developmental studies, his conclusions on animacy must be abandoned in favor of the weight of academic discourse on the subject.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dewart's (1979) research into language and animacy highlights the important point that Piaget's late development of a concept of animacy is incorrect. Similarly Schwartz (1980) found that a child's ability to judge a sentence anomalous was based on the preexisting knowledge of animacy. Working with young children and combined with Dewart, this study impressively pushes the development of a conception of animacy to at least preschool ages. Dewart found that children as young as five were able to determine animacy based on sentence structure."
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Ritalin, 2008.
A review of Ritalin as a misclassified drug..
1,509 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the drug known as Ritalin (methylphenidate), used to improve one's power of concentration, which according to the paper has been misclassified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) amendment V. The DSM-IV does not recognize the potential for misuse and abuse of this drug, despite the evidence that exists, which shows that people are using it for the incorrect reasons. The paper reviews the reasons for the drug's misclassification and provides recommendations that this be reviewed. The paper discusses why the drug is misused and the fact that doctors are not fully aware of the drug dependency status that may manifest itself with certain patients.
From the Paper
"Ritalin is covered more in the way of a substance rather than a substance of abuse or a substance of misuse. Under this categorization it might as well be classified as a food supplement because the DSM-IV TR does not recognize the potential for misuse and abuse of the drug Ritalin. Despite this there is ample evidence that especially among children and young adults Ritalin abuse is quite high (Sadock & Sadock, 2007; Spitzer & Wakefield, 1999; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006). There are similar medications in the DSM-IV that are categorized as substance abuse or misused medications, because there is clear evidence that users can abuse the substance or misuse it. "
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Single Parenting, 2008.
A portrayal of the problems encountered by single parents and their children.
1,789 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the subject of single parenting, the demographics, contributing factors and issues with which single parents have to contend. The paper comments that the large percentage of single parents fall into the African American or Latin American racial / cultural origin group and highlights the reasons, needs and the problems experienced by this specific group and, more specifically, the effect that this has on the offspring.
From the Paper
"Who are the single-parents? Where do they live? The vast majority of single parents are women, are of African American or Latin American racial / cultural origin, are below the national average for household income, are below the age of thirty when they first became a single parent, and therefore a significant number of the children of single parents are living in conditions that would be potentially much better were there to be two wage earners in the home."
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Mental Illness Case Study Interview, 2008.
A presentation of an interview regarding diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a woman with a mental illness.
1,368 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an interview conducted with a woman with a mental illness. The paper presents the unstructured diagnostic interview that aimed to determine a diagnosis, a rationale for the assessment, treatment options, a proposed treatment plan and a prognosis. It also looks at information on family dynamics, history of mental illness and trauma as well as the current status of mental illness and personal history of the interviewee to ascertain a diagnosis for formulating treatment and assessment.
From the Paper
"If a therapist treated Pamela, the range of treatment options would be extensive. Research has shown medication to be effective in many cases of Bipolar disorder (Zucherman, 2005). Pamela should be given a referral to a psychiatrist. The client would potentially benefit from education regarding this disorder so she can recognize triggers, enabling the client to avoid destructive patterns and increase self efficacy. An adequate social support system is critical to improving Pamela's quality of life. Participating in small groups would be advantageous. Behavioral modification would help Pamela during depressed times and use of positive affirmations would increase her self esteem. Also, an exercise program would increase endurance and stamina while helping her combat obesity."
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Theories of Motivation and Addiction, 2008.
This paper looks at key theories of motivation in relation to drug use and addiction.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that addictive behavior is a process that is initiated by certain motivational factors and causative features. The writer maintains that the use of psychological theories to describe and analyze these motivational patterns of behavior is essential in order to understand and create preventative strategies to combat addiction. In this essay, various theories of motivation are used to explain the addictive syndrome. These include cognitive and behavioral theories as well as socio-psychological and other theoretical stances. The pleasure principle and motivation towards fulfillment and self-efficacy and the search for excitement are also dealt with in relation to disinhibition theories of motivation. These are discussed to provide a clear and integrated overview of the central motivational theories that lead to and maintain addictive behavior. The writer concludes that the various theories of motivation are important points of departure in the alleviation and the reduction of the negative outcomes of addictive behavior in society.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Overview of the Motivational Theories and Addiction
Sensation and Experience Seeking
Opponent Processes
Developmental Theories
Summation and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Motivation is one of the complex aspects of our psychological makeup. The reason why we do certain things and the causative factors that influence human behavior and actions are often seemingly mysterious and even irrational. Various theories of motivation can be applied to views of addictive behavior, and especially to harmful and potentially deadly addictions such as some forms of drug abuse.
"Drug addiction and abuse has a long and complex history in human society with regard to individual and social developments and actions. Drugs and their effects on the mind and consciousness states of experience can be traced back to the origins of human history."
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"Experiences in Groups", 2008.
A personal account of how Wilfred Bion's work, "Experiences in Groups" can be related to working in group or individual settings.
817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Wifred Bion's 1961 work, "Experiences in Groups." It suggests that through this work, one can understand how to successfully organize and motivate individuals through reviving their innate place within a supportive work group in order to accomplish goals and expectations. The paper relates Bion's work to the writer's own experiences of working within group and individual settings.
From the Paper
"My examination of these theories has offered me insight into my own group and individual situations in everyday life. By understanding how Work Avoidance truly works in decision making, I can try to avoid it as much as possible. From now on, I will attempt to use the successful group working strategy rather than allow my fate to be placed in the responsibility of another, including a messiah. Sometimes, all you want is to be saved, but eventually you will realize that there is no one out more equip to save you from your situation that yourself. After reading and analyzing Bion's work and theories on group interaction and behavior, I will definitely attempt to make the extra effort in working through my problems rather than taking a simpler way out or letting the group influence me into believing that avoiding the situation will somehow resolve the conflict. There is a certain power involved with taking charge within your own life and also within a group. By seeing what could happen if I let the group tae control of me, I now know that I want to take charge of the group and direct them into an active decision making process, instead of letting them take a back seat and avoid the work needed to be successful in situations."
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Drug Addiction as a Disease, 2008.
An argument that drug addiction is a disease and not simply an individual choice.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper argues as to whether drug addiction should be considered a disease or an individual choice. The paper presents and discusses the debate regarding the nature of drug addiction and how it should be viewed. It concludes that drug addiction is a disease and not simply a choice made by an individual to become addicted to drugs.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Drug Addiction is a Disease
The Debate
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Alan I. Leshner, Director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse - National Institute of Health states that it is all too common that the individual who first experiments with addictive drugs such as cocaine with the intention of trying it only once "enjoys the drug's euphoric effect so much that in ensuing weeks and months he uses it again - and again. But in due time, he decides he really should quit. He knows that despite the incomparable short-term high he gets from using cocaine, the long-term consequences of its use are perilous. So he vows to stop using it. His brain, however, has a different agenda. It now demands cocaine." (Leshner, 2007) No matter how the individual tries at this point, many are unable to resist using the drug again and they use the drug beyond their own control in a compulsive and addictive manner."
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Leadership, 2008.
An overview of the literature about leadership, especially in business.
2,030 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 19 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the characteristics of leadership and the essential personality traits of a leader. The author stresses that, notwithstanding the reported theories, extensive research leadership shows that these qualities differ from individual to individual. The paper concludes that research has shown the relationship of positive leadership to productivity, which can make a business successful.
Table of Contents:
Essential Personality Traits to Leadership
What Makes a Good Leader
Why do we Need Them So Much?
Why do we Need Good Leaders on the Job?
Five Practices
Competency Profile of Good Leadership
Creativity
Intellectual
Organizational Awareness
Team Work
From the Paper
"There are four things that everyone look for in a good leader. Firstly, people want a leader who is honest to them, trustworthy, and has integrity. Secondly, people want someone who looks forward that is forward looking, who has a vision of the future, and thinks about the long term, also people want someone who can forecast things in case of crisis. Thirdly, people want someone who is consistent, competitive, expertise and knows what they are doing. Fourth, people want a person who is inspiring, energetic, optimistic and positive about the future."
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Self, Reality and Ideal Self, 2008.
An examination self, reality and ideal self and how these concepts of Carl Rogers relate to the writer's life.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and compares Carl Roger's concepts of self, reality and ideal self. The writer then discusses how many experiences have changed and altered her view of herself. It suggests that her conceptualization of life in some ways tends to reflect the Rogerian self -triangle where the base is the ideal self and the two sides are composed of the perceived self and the real self.
From the Paper
"My Ideal Self, the base of my triangle, is usually the driving force of my ambitions for life, love, success, educational goals and so on. However, I sometimes wonder whether this is a construction completely of my own doing or has it been created from the interaction between others and myself. For instance my parents were very supportive and encouraging of my education and wanted me to travel to the United States to complete part of that experience. That became one of goals for the completion of my Ideal Self-concept and I am in the process of doing so. But how does one separate what one actually wants for themselves or how much that view has been influenced by others. When I look at what I perceive as myself, sometimes I would have preferred to remain in Japan and completed my studies there, I was certainly a little fearful in leaving home and my parents to come to the United States. I have found now that it has been an experience I would have not wanted to do without. So where my perceived self may have not gone ahead my ideal self and intentions persevered and the reality of the experience was achieved."
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Celebrity Obssession, 2008.
A discussion of the power of celebrities in American culture.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the effect of celebrities such as O.J. Simpson and Paris Hilton on American culture, which illustrates the extent to which virtually anyone who is famous even for negative behavior can inspire emulation. The paper explains the psychology behind this emulation and discusses how celebrities are generally negative role models. The paper therefore concludes that although there may be reason to admire celebrities for their specific accomplishments, the blind admiration of fame without regard to personal shortcomings is damaging, especially to young people still in the process of formulating their personal values.
Outline:
Introduction
The Psychology of Celebrity Emulation and Its Detrimental Effect on Society
Celebrities Tend to Make Bad Role Models
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to news reports at the time, when O.J. Simpson was on trial for murdering his ex-wife and Ron Goldman in 1995, national sales of white Ford Broncos, Bruno Magli shoes, and white Akita dogs all increased dramatically. In fact, Bruno Magli sales of the particular model skyrocketed as a result of the unexpected publicity of the association with Simpson, and pet stores reported that people asked for "O.J. dogs" instead of referring to the Akita by name. Such is the power of celebrity in American culture."
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