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The Holocaust's Criminals, 2008.
An examination of the motivations behind the soldiers and other German officials who participated in the methodical extermination of approximately six million of Europe's Jews.
3,073 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the question of how so many otherwise ordinary, moral German citizens could; first, so broadly adopt the practice of violence; and second, could relish so fully in its practice. The paper notes that this question is one of the primary questions historians and humans in general have been forced to grapple with in light of one of the most horrific chapters in world history--the Jewish Holocaust. The paper further relates that it remains undeniable that something or someone drove these individuals to inflict pain and death of such massive proportions. The paper then goes on to discuss some of the explanations that are given in attempts to identify more general patterns, and more conclusive answers to the social and psychological phenomena responsible for human acts of malice.
From the Paper
"Another explanation that relies upon the notion of mandatory conformity is connected strongly with the mob mentality and the following of orders. Writers like Christopher R. Browning point to instances in which groups of Nazi officers initially felt ill-suited to the acts of violence they were ordered to commit, but eventually became quite accustomed to them. "Once entangled, people encounter a series of 'blinding factors' or 'cementing mechanisms' that make disobedience or refusal even more difficult." This approach takes into account the joy expressed by many Nazi executioners by attributing it to peer pressures, pressures from above, and routine exposure to bloodshed. Still, it seems difficult to argue that the majority of the Nazi's who perpetrated the Holocaust were simply "going with the flow," and had no ideological or moral association with the actions they took. This would be to deny that the forces that brought the Nazi's to power had any association with romantic visions of Germany's future--that deeply rooted emotional ties supported the Nazi's racial cause and dream."
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The Authoritative Parenting Style, 2008.
An analysis of the authoritative style of parenting and how it can be relevant in the mental health setting.
907 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the authoritative style of parenting and compares it to the authoritarian style. It discusses precisely what makes a parenting style authoritative in nature. It then looks at how parenting styles can be a focus of attention in the mental health setting. The paper concludes with a brief examination of how an authoritarian parenting style was of benefit to the writer as a young person.
Table of Contents:
What is Authoritative Parenting?
Authoritative Parenting and Psychology
Response
From the Paper
"The best outcome occurs with the application of the authoritative parenting style. This parenting style provides guidance without the excessive control demanded by the authoritarian parent. The authoritative parenting style relinquishes enough control over the child to permit the child to experience personal decision-making. However, it also contrasts with the permissive parenting style by providing enough guidance to enable the child to develop "appropriate morals and goals" (Bornstein & Bornstein, 2007, p. 2). A permissive parent, for example, might say that a child can go to his or her friend's house without first learning if the friend's parents will also be home. An authoritarian parent may deny the child permission regardless of any facts in the case. By contrast, the authoritarian parent uses both the facts and the child's needs as factors and may even include the child in the decision-making process."
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Personal Trust and Self-Confidence, 2008.
This paper describes a personal experience in which a person, Steve, whom the author trusted, has let him down and how this occurrence affected the author's sense of personal trust and self-confidence.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, in terms of self-concept, the author of the paper learned from his altercation with Steve that his self-esteem was directly impacted by the loyalty of others, which he had never sensed before in other similar experiences. The author realizes that he too often makes sweeping generalizations about others, possibly caused by his desire to trust without hesitation, which has led to many instances of disappointment that affected his self-esteem. The paper relates that this epiphany has given him a great deal of personal strength. The author states that, instead of viewing the situation as a new generalization that no one can be trusted, he was able to see that he can always trust himself to get done what needs to be done. The author underscores that, in terms of Steve's behavior, while many people try to follow the social rules around them, some are unable to actually handle the relationships with others thus they inflate their own self-concepts.
From the Paper
"At this point, I had stopped searching for a used car. I had utmost confidence that Steve would come through, despite his recent lapses in communication. Another week passed, and I received no word of my car. I decided to call again. There was no answer. I began to realize that there never actually was an answer--only the answering service. I called and called. I became desperate. School was about to begin and I had no vehicle and no supplemental income. I had been waiting for Steve...but, who was Steve? In the end, Steve did call me back. It was over a month later that I received the call, only to be curtly chastised for my annoying requests."
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Ebbinghaus' Memory Research, 2008.
This paper explores Herman Ebbinghaus' major contributions to our understanding of memory.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Herman Ebbinghaus' contributions to the discipline of psychology, particularly his contributions regarding aspects of human memory. The paper examines the intellectual tradition from which Ebbinghaus built his theories, notably the work of Wilhelm Wundt, and highlights the implications his work has had for contemporary practices in psychology. The paper shows how Ebbinghaus made a lasting contribution to the history and development of psychology, specifically in his work that applied experimental research to study the formation of associations.
From the Paper
"Indeed, Ebbinghaus was the first psychologist to investigate the properties of human memory. Ebbinghaus was influenced by the British empiricists, and he began with the assumption that memory involved the formation of new associations and that such associations would be strengthened through repetition. He wanted to observe this process and so developed tests using a set of items to be committed to memory. These items were called "nonsense syllables," meaning they would have no associations with known words that might somehow mediate memory. Lists of these nonsense syllables would have perhaps twenty items, and he would memorize these lists by reading and repeating each syllable to himself."
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Adult Onset of Schizophrenia, 2008.
This paper examines the psychological disorder of schizophrenia.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that schizophrenia is a psychological disorder from an underlying brain disorder and that individuals diagnosed with acute schizophrenia have hallucinations and delusions. The paper then relates that individuals having lesser symptoms experience withdrawal, social isolation, and unusual speech, thinking or behavior. The paper also points out that although there are many mental disorders, schizophrenia is more complex yet it affects approximately 1 percent of people globally. The paper then explores the etiology, characteristics, assessment, and treatment of schizophrenia.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Etiology
Characteristics
Assessments
Treatment and Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Schizophrenia, a complex mental health disorder, involves a harsh, persistent, and hindering interruption of the brain. There is no specific cause of obtaining schizophrenia. However research has suggested that it develops from a chemical imbalance in the brain from inherited factors such as genetics, behavioral, and environmental conditions. Schizophrenia affects men and women however the symptoms are more prone to men in their late teens and/or early 20s, women between 20s and 30s. Individual diagnosed with severe schizophrenia may have hallucinations or delusions. Lesser symptoms include individuals with disordered thinking. A licensed psychiatrist usually diagnoses schizophrenia. Treatment is given to individuals with schizophrenia by many factors i.e. age, health, medical history and therapy."
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Paranoid Schizophrenia in "Sophie's Choice", 2008.
An analysis of the indications of paranoid schizophrenia in the character of Nathan Landau in William Styron's 1979 novel, "Sophie's Choice" and the 1982 film adaptation directed by Alan J. Pakula.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of schizophrenia of the paranoid type as shown in the character of Nathan Landau in William Styron's 1979 novel, "Sophie's Choice" and the 1982 film adaptation directed by Alan J. Pakula. The paper describes the character of Nathan Landau and then looks at the indications of paranoid schizophrenia that are evident. The paper presents some personal concluding remarks.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nathan Landau
Indications of Paranoid Schizophrenia
Findings on Paranoid Schizophrenia
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Indeed, this paper might have argued that Nathan Landau actually suffered from acute bipolar disorder, or bipolar disorder with psychotic features, but a start was made from the character of his brother and the revelation of paranoid schizophrenia. The latter suits a film set in the 1940s when a great many patients stood to be diagnosed with schizophrenia that might today be assessed differently and in the presence of drugs to reduce or eliminate symptoms, at any rate, making a precise diagnosis less important. Tsuang Et Al (2000) explained how psychiatrists in the present tend to diagnose broadly a psychotic disorder of particular features so as to not rule out the possibility of bipolar disorder or non-specific psychosis to create what may be paranoid or other features. At the same time, bipolar patients often present anger, but less often the persecutory delusions shown by Nathan Landau in different episodes in which Sophie is the target of his disordered thinking, accusations and emotional attacks."
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Police Officers Stressors and Supervision, 2008.
A research analysis and comparison of police officers' internal stressors and their supervisors' perceptions of those stressors.
2,812 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 34 sources, APA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper studies and compares, through survey inquiries, police officers' perceived stressors and supervisors' perceptions of those stressors. The analysis of the data prioritizes officers' perceived internal stressors and then compares the rank order of these stressors from both an officer group and a supervisor group. The paper presents the research design and the conclusions of the study.
Table of Contents:
Outline
Background of the Problem
Purpose Statement
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Theoretical Framework
Scope of the Study
Limitations
Delimitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An additional factor which must be considered is the stage of the career of any participant in the survey. A good deal of testing has been done concerning police applicants. Speilberger, Westberry, Grier and Greenfield (1981) studied only individuals who had left police departments, which in many instances marked the end of their police careers. The focus group survey will need to give due consideration to whether or not an individual officer's responses reflect the stage of the development of his or her own career, and the individual's perceived prospects for the future of his or her career."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2008.
A critique of the film "What About Bob?" by Frank Oz and book
"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The Latest Assessment and Treatment Strategies" by Gail Steketee.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a critique of a film, What About Bob", and a book, "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The latest Assessmentand Treatment Strategies, which are both about obsessive compulsive disorder. The paper explains that the author learned from the film that the sociopathic, interpersonal behaviors, which the character of Bob in the film exhibits, are some of the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). The paper then relates that a major area of contention in the book is the use of medications to help resolve the common symptoms of OCD. The author stresses that Steketee provides a great deal of insight about behavioral therapy, which provides far more solutions to OCD than the medicinal and surgical treatments often found in other studies done for patient treatment.
From the Paper
"Some of the others question about Steketee's reliance on behavioral therapy for treatment is the Appendix where she describes many of the findings of clinical studies that provide information about behavioral therapy. Certainly, the success rates of behavioral therapy need to be addressed far more often than the heavily sponsored pharmaceutical studies being done due to their massive financial resources. Steketee provides the foundation for behavioral studies that give her the premise of providing more behavioral solutions for patients that are suffering from this disorder."
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The Politics of Psychoanalysis, 2008.
An analysis of the authoritarian perspective of psychoanalysis and its role in the political economy of our time.
2,801 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques psychoanalysis with particular emphasis on its role in the political economy of our time. It argues that psychoanalysis fosters an authoritarian perspective between the analyst and the subject/patient who is defined as a non-agent. This paper suggests that this denial of agency within psychoanalysis has direct analogies to the denial of agency in our socio-political structures.
From the Paper
"This view has clear and present analogies for technology and the practice of cyborgology in our modern world. Consider, for example, who controls the Internet. Is it the state, or the people? No, it is the large corporations who not only own, but administer and define the Internet. The Japanese have been allowed into the Euro-American club of technology, while the Chinese have been granted permission to build the technology and the Indians to program and serve as offshore support systems for the technology. Nonetheless, the club remains almost exclusively Euro-American, as does the Internet itself."
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The Toronto Drug Treatment Court, 2008.
This paper is an extensive discussion of the Toronto drug treatment court (DTC), a successful adult drug diversion program.
4,615 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 193.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Toronto drug treatment court (DTC), a diversion program, has been a response to a Canadian normative criminal justice system that does not approach the underlying problem of addiction. The author points out that diversion programs, such as DTCs, are ways to interrupt the continuum of incarceration now associated with offenses created by the drug culture. The paper relates that the conventional criminal justice system offers little or nothing to counteract addiction beyond a possible referral to a treatment center, which usually brings no results. The author underscored that the Toronto DTC has a 4% recidivism rate as compared to a 45% recidivism rate of persons charged with drug-related offenses who do not pursue treatment diversion. The paper states that the cost-benefit analysis underscores the savings to the taxpayer.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Toronto Drug Treatment Court
Suitable Offenders
Making an Honest Effort
The Rights of the Offender
Benefits
Challenges to Expanding Drug Diversion Programs
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"The Toronto Drug Treatment Court is located in the Old City Hall complex as is thought to be Canada's busiest court house, a place to be experienced for its many mainly poor Canadians to appear, its old fashioned premises and the main venue of the city's Aboriginal Diversion (Gladue) Court. On two visits to Drug Treatment Court, it was observed that the atmosphere is civil and collaborative. Judges spoke in a direct humane manner to offenders unlike what was observed in other criminal court settings. Support workers from agencies and volunteer groups, including former graduates of the Court, were present."
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Models of Family Therapy, 2008.
This paper discusses and explains different models of family therapy.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at different models and forms of therapy for families that are experiencing problems. The writer notes that natural therapy is a form of psychotherapy that does not allow for medications, but that uses techniques that are aimed at assisting the individual to overcome issues through a natural approach. The writer looks at cognitive behavioral therapy in which the problem is seen to exist through the individual's thoughts and actions. The writer then discusses structural therapy and strategic family therapy. The writer maintains that the solution focused model of family therapy identifies the outcomes that the family desires and uses those outcomes as the focus of the therapy. In the narrative model the writer notes that clients are asked to take part in a narrative history of life and in collaborative therapy the patient and the therapist work as partners in the discovery of issues and the implementation of solutions to the issues.
Outline:
Natural System Model
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
Structural Model
Problem Focus Model
Strategic Model
Solution-Focused Model
Narrative Model
Collaborative Language System Model
From the Paper
"Change for the patient requires that the thoughts and actions impacting the person's life must be identified initially. This may occur through the patient speaking with the therapist and answering questions that serve to allow the therapist to determine where the issues exist. However, the patient should be the one that identifies the problem areas through discussion so that he or she is capable of understanding that change is significant.
"Techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy are implemented once the identification of the problem has occurred. The therapist may give the patient "homework" and a new mental or physical response to a situation. That new response is used by the patient in place of the negative response and it is through practice that a new method of thought or behavior can be experienced on an ongoing basis, replacing the former thoughts and action."
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The Serial Killer, 2008.
This paper studies the serial killer and looks at the related psychopathology.
1,234 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the serial killer has become a staple in crime fiction, movies, and television shows, including the recent film 'Zodiac', which tells the story of a serial killer who terrorized San Francisco for almost a decade. The writer points out that as the latter shows, the serial killer is a reality and not just a plot device, and the psychopathology of this sort of killer has been studied closely for its cause and different ways in which it is manifested. The writer notes that such studies are of use to psychiatrists, of course, but also to a profiler who uses the data to make assessments of serial killer cases in order to hone in on a suspect and stop the crimes. The writer concludes that studies of serial killers are necessarily largely confined to those caught and convicted, leaving some uncertainty about killers who have not been caught and even more about the many who may not even have been discovered or recognized.
From the Paper
"Victims may be chosen for their symbolic value as much as for any other reason. A series of murders undertaken for financial gain would not qualify. Cult murders would also be eliminated because there is a different motivation for that sort of crime.
"The serial killer is most often identified as a psychopath or sociopath. The criteria for this disorder have been identified by the American Psychiatric Association as follows. First, this individual shows a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. This would have been true since the age of 15."
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Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), 2008.
This paper explores the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by reviewing a journal article that modeled this theory and by applying TPB to the activities of American soldiers at the Abu Gharib prison in Iraq.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of a journal article that modeled the theory of planned behavior and used an experiment-related exercise to show the facets of the theory. Also, the paper uses a very public example that was presented in the media to show the applicability of the theory of planned behavior to explain human behavior. The example chosen was the activities of American soldiers at the Abu Gharib prison in Iraq. The paper concludes with an interpersonal example that is linked to the major hypothesis of the theory of planned behavior.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Journal Article Analyzed: Modeling the Theory of Planned Behavior and Past Behavior
Mass Media Example of the Theory of Planned Behavior: Abu Ghraib Prison Behavior
Personal Interpersonal Example of the Theory of Planned Behavior
From the Paper
"According to Stannard, Zimbardo's study showed that prisons are an institution that are designed to change the psychological make-up of the occupants; what is not clear, is how it affects other occupants, that are their by choice, most notably the guards. Stannard uses Zimbardo's study to state that prisons present an environment where the power differential is so uneven that it presents an environment for abuse, which is prisoners are powerless, while, guards have complete control and complete power."
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Gestalt Therapy, 2008.
A literature review of qualitative and quantitative studies discussing the interaction of Gestalt therapy with those suffering from anxiety symptoms.
2,801 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the academic literature on gestalt therapy and focuses on some of the quantitative and qualitative studies that explore the impact of gestalt therapy on relieving psychological anxiety in subject groups. The paper looks at how cultural integration can influence gestalt therapy and how it can permit this therapy to assist people in optimizing their quality of life and psychological well-being. The paper concludes that while the scholarly literature is not uniformly in favor of gestalt therapy, the academic view is generally a favorable one.
From the Paper
"The number of purely qualitative studies that have been done on gestalt therapy is actually rather small; for the most part, it appears as though researchers prefer studies that are predominantly quantitative in nature - or studies that are a "mix" of qualitative and quantitative measures. As one consequence of this emphasis upon statistical measures, several of the studies pored over by this writer utilized bivariate and multivariate regression analysis to control for variables such as age, ethnicity and gender (sometimes also for socio-economic status) but these studies also used descriptive or qualitative devices to contextualize (or, more importantly, to defend) their empirical findings."
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Perception of Evil and Wickedness in Literature, 2008.
A comparison of Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" and Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery".
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the similarities, in terms of evil and wickedness, between the book "Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad and the short story "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson. The paper explains that in both works, the reader is forced to consider whether wickedness and evil are outside sources that influence the people or, conversely, if evil and wickedness are inside every human being. The paper then looks at how both authors force the reader to consider what actions constitute evil and wickedness, particularly where social normalcy and self-preservation are involved. The paper also suggests that the texts vary in terms of community and social ties as an avenue of evil; "The Lottery" depicts social tradition and normalcy as an opportunity for seemingly senseless violence, while "Heart of Darkness" calls on human kinship as a way to avoid evil and corruption. The paper concludes that in addressing these complex issues, both Conrad and Jackson grapple with the same concerns: the perception of evil and its relationship with being human.
From the Paper
"Evil and wickedness are often talked about as an external force since people do not like to admit that they are capable of evil and wickedness. Instead, many like to believe that evil is an outside force that makes people do things or, at worst, an occasional individual who has become evil after being affected by such forces. For example, Neilson describes Kurtz when the "darkest element has taken control" (41). Does this imply that Kurtz is no longer himself and that a greater force is responsible for his acts? A similar quandary exists in "The Lottery." After reaching the end of the story, the reader has gotten to know the characters in Jackson's story. They seem to be normal, average citizens. How, then, can they be part of the brutal lottery ritual if some outside force is not acting upon them?"
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