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Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Fact or Fiction?, 2008.
This paper explores the controversy surrounding the reality of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).
1,422 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that because fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is so difficult to classify, there exists a number of researchers who believe that FMS is not a physical disorder at all but it is one that has psychological implications. The paper identifies the symptoms of FMS and discusses the probability of its existence. The paper shows how professional opinions seem to be moving in the direction of confirming the syndrome, but concludes that more research is still needed.
Outline:
Symptoms of Fibromyalgia Syndrome
The Fibromyalgia Syndrome Controversy
Living with Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The term "fibromyalgia" is derived from the words "fibro," Latin for fibrous tissue and the word "myo" and "algia," which are Greek for muscle and pain, respectively. Despite its link with arthritis, it is not a form of that disease, although it is a similar rheumatic condition (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS] 1). FMS is a disorder that primarily affects individuals in middle age; however, some individuals are affected at a younger age (Selfridge and Peterson 6). According to Erik Dalton, FMS is a disorder with an unknown etiology. FMS is a disorder with a "constellation" of symptoms, which are often vague and unexplained (Selfridge and Peterson 8; Dalton 62)."
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Organizational Change, 2008.
This paper explores changing an organization's orientation program from classroom-based to field-based, with a focus on group homes.
1,777 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at a plan to change an organization's orientation program from theoretical or classroom-based to practical or field-based. The paper refers to the work of Kurt Lewin and George Kuh and devotes some time to looking at rational change theory and at a broad definition of the concept of structural change. The paper discusses how decision-makers in a group home must anticipate resistance, must inform their subordinates of why they are pursuing the course they are and must be prepared to let go of staff who refuse to change.
From the Paper
"To begin with, there are a number of different theories, models, concepts and contextual factors which come into play when we assess how best to change a group home's focus away from theoretical training for staff to field-based training for staff - with arguably the most significant insights coming from Kurt Lewin. Lewin (1947b) postulated that group behavior is best described as an intricate set of symbolic interactions which determine group structures as well as group behavior. In a real sense, the shape of things - and the conduct of individuals - was resolved by the enveloping "field" or environment."
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Trends in Depression, 2008.
An overview of mental illness - in particular, depression.
1,503 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the advances that have been made over the years in the understanding of human behavior, relating in particular to mental health and the treatment of illnesses of the mind. The author refers to various articles that have been written about depression and its treatment.
From the Paper
"Modern society has benefited greatly from the advances made in the understanding of human behavior. From the archaic ideas held by the ancients to the rise of empiric scientific query, the study of what makes the human race unique and different from other animal species continues to advance. Among these is the approach to mental health and the treatment of illnesses of the mind. Indeed, the earliest forms of mental illness intervention involved releasing the entrapped demon by trephination, where the skull is punctured to allow the demon to escape. More than two centuries ago, mental health disorders were attributed to such phenomena as demon possession, spirits and imbalances of humors with little understanding regarding their origins. At the dawn of the 20th century, theories of the mind such as classic psychodynamic theory started to take precedence in clinical practice. This was a large step forward in the understanding of the psyche because of the use of clinical observations in formulating and verifying theories of mental illness. As technology began to advance in strides, the study of the human mind began to shift towards exploration of the neurobiological basis of human behavior and integrating this understanding with clinical correlations with the self and the sociocultural environment, which presently forms the cornerstone of psychology, psychiatry and psychopharmacology (Ciccarelli & Meyer, 2006)."
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Adult Influence in Children's Sports, 2008.
This paper discusses the psychological effects that parents and coaches have on youths involved in sports.
2,126 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the psychological effects that parents and coaches have upon youths participating in athletic pursuits. Specifically, the paper argues that positive parental role models can encourage young men and women to grow as people because of their sporting experiences and to become more active in sports. Further, the writer maintains that such influence can show that athletic activities are about more than simply winning and losing. The writer concludes that parents and coaches have an enormous impact upon the psychological development of youngsters participating in sports.
From the Paper
"Similarly, coaches who genuinely care about their charges can boost the self-esteem levels of children and convince those under their care that there is something gratifying and meaningful about playing a team sport or an individual sport. In the end, young people who play sports - just like young people who involve themselves in any extra-curricular activity - are highly impressionable and psychologically vulnerable, and can easily be shaped for good or ill by the adults around them. Consequently, conscientious parents and coaches will never lose sight of the fact that sports are, at least for the very young, a means to an end and not an end in themselves.
"To begin with, parents can exert tremendous pressure upon young people involved in sports. Achievement-by-Proxy Disorder is a situation wherein parents who could never quite achieve sporting success for themselves transfer their yearnings and hopes upon their children. In the end, this unhealthy sort of parental pressure can lead to the abuse and/or exploitation of children or adolescents."
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Integrative Approaches to Psychology, 2008.
A discussion of the writer's personal reflections on "Integrative Approaches to Psychology" by David Entwistle.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a review of David Entwistle's book, "Integrative Approaches to Psychology", and discusses the writer's personal response to the book. In particular the writer notes that, while reading Entwistle's book, he began to realize that he needs to set boundaries against people that violate his space. The writer also discusses his reflections on the book's premise and his response to this premise.
Outline:
Concrete responses
Reflection
Action
From the Paper
"One experience that came to mind after reading this passage in Entwistle's book is how I perceive psychology when I received counseling in my own life. When I was dealing with a troublesome personal issue about a family member, I suddenly began to realize the rift between how psychologists interpret faith-based disciplines. Surely, there was something about my counselor that understood how my faith viewed the way that I saw this particular family member, as they had been verbally abusive to me as a youth. For instance, when I told my counselor that I did not believe in using aggressive means to counter act this person, they understood how Jesus had "learned to love thy enemy." However, the concept of setting boundaries in the psychological field's interpretation became the sole subject that diverged from my system of beliefs. When reading Entwistle's book I began to realize that I should understand that I need to set boundaries against people that violate my space, which I had actually misinterpreted in the sayings of Jesus. When understanding an integrative model that goes beyond biblical text, there is a determined ideology that is trying to clinically evaluate my behaviors through a dualistic disciplinary approach. These aspects of the counseling sessions arose as I had to begin to realize the clash of religion and science that had become part of the dialogue I had with my counselor."
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Children and Play, 2008.
This paper explores Lev Vygotsky's theories on the development of children through social interaction.
1,563 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and beliefs that through social interaction during play, children naturally begin to use abstract thinking and apply what they learned to their lives. The paper shows how research supports Vygotsky's ideas of make believe and play supporting cognitive development in most children. The paper looks at how Vygotsky's ideas on play can be used in the modern classroom to assist students of multiple learning needs.
From the Paper
"Vygotsky (1978) stated, "In play a child is always above his average age, above his daily behavior; in play, it is as though he were a head taller than himself" (p. 102). This belief of Vygotsky was arrived at through the development of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. In the theory Vygotsky disagreed with his peer, Piaget. Vygotsky concluded that while all children were born with the ability to progress cognitively, "just as animals", their environment played a significant role in the scope of that development and the beliefs a child would ultimately hold (Beck, 2001, p. 254). According to Beck (2001), Vygotsky argued that in the first few years of life cognitive development of the child was related to his or her relationship with parents (p. 254)."
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Dating and Nonverbal Communication, 2008.
This paper is a research analysis of the nonverbal communication cues used in both nonsexual and sexual dating relationships.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that nonverbal communication is an important part of a dating relationship, in both nonsexual relationships and in the initiation of sexual behavior within relationships. The paper goes on to assert that, prior to escalating a relationship from a purely dating one, to one of a sexual nature, relationships must be assessed thoroughly, combining both verbal and nonverbal communication cues, for an optimum outcome.
From the Paper
"A positive sexual relationship between couples stems from successful communication regarding sexual and nonsexual preferences when intimate. In 1999, a study was conducted using men and women who were in dating relationships, but not dating each other. They were interviewed regarding sexual preferences and communication of their likes and dislikes. The research indicated that individuals are much more communicative about their sexual preferences when they are in a relationship in which communication was encouraged, not only about sex, but also about all aspects of the dating relationship. It was also determined that couples who have a nonverbal agreement and understanding about sex can be more effective and preferred over open discussion about sexual likes and dislikes."
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Study, 2008.
An analysis of the study "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Due to Childbirth- The Aftermath" by Cheryl Tatano Beck.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes a study "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Due to Childbirth- The Aftermath" by Cheryl Tatano Beck that investigates post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to childbirth. The paper looks at the design, purpose, variables, hypotheses, sample and setting and the study instruments used.
Outline:
Problem
Study Purpose
Research Question
Hypotheses
Study Variables
Conceptual Model/Theoretical Framework
Review of Related Literature
Study Design
Sample and Setting
Identification and Control of Extraneous Variables
Study Instruments/Tools
From the Paper
"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is classified as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It commonly occurs in individuals who had extremely traumatic experiences. The disorder is most commonly reported among war veterans.
"Problematic childbirth can also be a traumatic experience for mothers that can lead to PTSD. It is estimated that worldwide, there is a 1.5 to 6% prevalence of childbirth-induced PTSD. Manifestations of PTSD have been reported as recurring nightmares, depression, interpersonal relationship problems, suicidal tendencies, and sexual avoidance."
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Preschool Child Development, 2008.
An examination of the various theories of childhood development.
1,471 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses and describes the observation of a preschooler, explaining that the purpose of the observation was to focus on one child and the developmental issues that revolved around that student. The paper then goes on to appy the theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky on the child development processes to the preschooler observed.
From the Paper
"Diana was a healthy, vibrant child that appeared to be quite intelligent and socially active with her peers. She was capable of receiving abundant amounts of information and using that information to attempt new concepts in her play and class work. However, Diana also asked the teacher to consistently repeat some ideas and she was concerned with her own needs on a consistent basis. Nevertheless, as Diana continued to function in the classroom, she was influenced by the actions of her peers, which often changed her focus from herself to activities that her peers were involved with."
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Police and Behavioral Science Units, 2008.
This paper discusses the creation of a behavioral science unit
for police department personnel.
852 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that behavioral science units have been implemented in police departments to lessen the stress of trauma and reduce the impact of potential trauma an officer may face in the line of duty. The paper then outlines a proposed behavioral science unit for a police department, including its mental health components, the services the mental health professionals would provide to the department and the structure of the unit.
Outline:
Specific Components of the Behavioral Science Unit and Their Justification
Services the Mental Health Professionals Would Provide to the Department
Structure of the Unit
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Behavioral Science Units have been implemented in police departments across the country to lessen the stress of trauma and reduce the impact of potential trauma an officer may face in the line of duty. It has been determined that a "...systemic view needs to be taken in order to develop effective policy and intervention strategies that will reduce psychological distress and enhance morale among police officers" (Hart, Headey, & Wearing, 1995, p. 156). Implementation of such units is beneficial for the emotional and psychological well-being of officers and should be required of all law enforcement agencies. The mission of the Behavioral Science Unit will be to coordinate employee assistance services for officers and their families, for problem assessment and identification, and if necessary, to arrange referral to other facilities and/or services."
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To Age or Not to Age, 2008.
This paper discusses plastic surgery, the media, and the public.
2,529 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that those in the media and public eye are constantly scrutinized regarding their looks and their age. Women, more so than men, are expected to appear young and vibrant, and many have turned to plastic surgery to achieve this goal. More and more men in the media, however, are also jumping on the surgery bandwagon to compete with their younger male counterparts entering the industry. The writer discusses that this move toward plastic surgery is a wonderful method of turning back the clock on aging as long as it is a voluntary, informed choice, and not done with trepidation as a desperate act to restore youth. The writer argues that having cosmetic plastic surgery should remain a personal choice and whether one decides to alter, improve, or enhance their appearance should not be a reflection, either positively or negatively on their character, as it should not on the individual who decides to forego the procedure. Although those physically attractive people in the media and in society in general often receive preferential treatment and are perceived by others as more sociable and intelligent, it is not perception that is important, but how one feels about themselves on the inside that really counts. The writer concludes that this is what should lead us regarding any decision we should make about the media, plastic surgery, and our lives in general.
From the Paper
"One such example of a female broadcaster who has refused to change her appearance is that of Stephanie Edwards, who had hosted the televised versions of the Rose Parade for many years and was the ongoing spokesperson for Lucky's Supermarkets in their broadcast and print advertisements. Her co-host for the yearly parades was a male game show host and media celebrity, Wink Martindale, who is now the spokesperson for Orbitz, a travel agency. While Stephanie's older co-host, Wink, continued to receive his 5-year contracts, Stephanie was given 1-year contracts instead. Additionally, her contract with Lucky's restricted her to radio spots only. Today, Stephanie Edwards is nowhere to be seen in television media, however, as stated Wink, looking as if he has had some "work" done himself, is successfully doing television commercials for Orbitz."
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Materialism and "Death of a Salesman", 2008.
This paper discusses the false materialistic values of the American dream in 'Death of a Salesman' by Arthur Miller
888 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer analyzes the false values of the American dream that arise in 'Death of a Salesman' by Arthur Miller. The writer maintains that the attitudes of Willy Loman toward his family is a representation of the unrealistic expectations that define the American Dream as being financially secure and living up to external social stereotypes about materialistic success in American society. The writer notes that by understanding the false values of Loman's insatiable desire to accept and follow the American Dream, he invariably destroys his own life, as well as that of his family. The writer discusses the various aspects of materialism that are found within the false values of the American dream within the play and within society.
From the Paper
"Within the American Dream, the common man offers a new perspective on what is good about human nature and the ability to improve oneself, even though Willy is unable achieve his goals. However, Wily is psychologically impaired, and cannot seem to grasp the real depth of his beliefs and suspicions about life beyond what external society expects of him. The false values of Wily's life are essentially dictated by a social expectation--the American Dream-but this is a dream that can never be actualized because of his behaviors within personal relationships. This is how tragedy is expressed in Miller's ideology, especially when Wily cannot realize he is trying to live a dream--not adhering to reality and human error in his judgments about his family. This is how Wily is able to realize the reality of family's own limitations, and how he eventually succumbs to the dream of American life, which is not possible within the error and fallibility of the human condition. "
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Psychopharmacologic Drug SSRI, 2008.
Examines the negative effects of the psychopharmacologic drug SSRI (e.g. venflaxine) on adolescents.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that antidepressants are a group of psychoactive medications that alleviate the signs and symptoms of mood disorders with a pre-dominantly depressive mood. The paper then explains that an understanding of the major mechanisms of action of these drugs can be best accomplished through understanding the pathogenesis of mood disorders. The paper then relates that, by understanding the mechanism of SSRI (e.g. venflaxine), it is possible theoretically to infer the neurobiological component of the pathogenesis of increased suicidality in depressed adolescents.
From the Paper
"The psychopharmacologic effectiveness of anti-depressants center around one of three mechanisms of action: increasing serotonin and norepinephrine levels through blocking of presynaptic 5-HT and norepinephrine receptors (i.e. interruption of negative feedback for neurotransmitter regulation), blocking of serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake by the presynaptic neuron or inhibition of MAO to interrupt deactivation of these neurotransmitters (Bhalla & Aronson). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) will be discussed in further detail."
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Sadistic Personality Disorder, 2008.
This paper explores the research regarding sadistic personality disorder.
1,639 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the characteristics of sadistic personality disorder and examines the theories of Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget on child development. The paper relates that because of the lack of extensive research in this area and the extensive factors that are indicated as part of sadistic personality disorder, it appears evident that both a biological and environmental influence will impact the disorder's development in children. The paper maintains that more extensive research must be conducted in order to understand how the child and adolescent population is impacted by psychological functioning.
From the Paper
"Myers, Burket and Husted (2006) state that there has been little research related to sadistic personality disorder in adolescents or children to date (sec. 2). Myers, Burket and Husted (2006) further state that although there has been a growing concentration on sadistic personality disorder due to it being associated with violent criminal activities, the DSM included it in the third version of the manual and alleviated it from version four (sec. 2). Additionally, Myers, Burket and Husted (2006) contend that many psychologists and psychiatrists do not believe that a diagnosis of sadistic personality disorder is valid because of the close association that the symptoms have with other personality disorders, such as anti-social personality disorder (sec. 2)."
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Pedophilic Behavior in Males Age 12-18 Years, 2008.
The article discusses pedophilic behavior in males and presents an analysis of the causes and effects.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This article describes and analyzes pedophilic behavior in males aged 12 -18 years old. More specifically, the paper attempts to determine the significance of pedophilic behavior exhibited in adolescent boys (ages 12-18 years) in the diagnosis of pedophilia later on in life by understanding the different neurobiological and psychosocial contributors to the development of the disease in the context of both theory and empirical evidence.
From the Paper
"In recent years, however, advances in the understanding of the neurobiological basis for pedophilia have shed some light on the development of pedophilia. Pedophiles may often possess a comorbid mental or physical condition that may be contributory to his pedophilic behavior (Levine, 2000). A plausible contributor to the manifestation of pedophilic behavior is the presence of a developmental disorder or an organic brain pathology that particularly affects higher cortical functioning. Examples of these conditions include mental retardation, substance abuse, mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse- control disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (Levine, 2000)"
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Parenting Guidelines for the Hispanic Community, 2008.
A discussion of parenting guidelines for the Hispanic community in America.
5,590 words (approx. 22.4 pages), 26 sources, APA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses parenting guidelines for the Hispanic community in the United States. The paper explains that the success of any set of parenting guidelines for a particular ethnic group hinges on the author's ability to take on an ethnic-sensitive approach that incorporates the group's specific traditions, culture, religion, and experiences with the new and daunting culture. This paper then attempts to prove that a setting down of concrete parenting techniques (communication, conflict resolution, and the like) must take into account the specific experiences of the Hispanic community in the United States. The paper explains that, in order to prove the validity of this assertion, it is necessary to point to and elaborate on the conflicts that characterize this community. The paper also points out that these conflicts include the traumas of immigration and racism, the unique structure and role of the Hispanic family, and the Hispanic family's role in the acculturation process. The paper then reviews the relevant literature on the topic. In conclusion the paper shows that the ultimate goal of this research is to enlighten both immigrants and American born individuals to the real and perceived experiences those from other countries go through, as they attempt to raise their families in a sometimes stressful and uncomfortable climate. A revised outline for the paper is included with this document.
Outline:
Introduction: Summary of Purpose and Thesis
Racism and the Trauma of Immigration
Acculturation
The Structure and Function of the Hispanic Family
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States, with its fondness for the oft-quoted "bootstrap mentality," often discourages immigrants from dwelling on troubled pasts or inherited traumas. It is hardly shocking to read that immigrant groups (particularly those from non-European countries) encounter racism upon arrival in the United States, but Hispanics, with the large number of the immigrants from Spanish-speaking countries, experience discrimination of considerable magnitude. In their Latinos and Education, Darder, Torres, and Gutierrez argue that Hispanic students, before they even enter their first American classrooms, internalize the racism that seems to blossom in highly industrial countries."
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