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Global Warming, 2008.
This paper discusses the impact and causes of global warming, concentrating on the greenhouse effect.
1,123 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that global warming is an issue that has been occupying Canadian as well as global headlines recently. The writer points out that although the severity of the problem has been recognized for quite some time, global warming has only recently become a 'mainstream' issue amongst Canadians and public interest in putting pressure on the governments of the world, to take action. The writer then discusses that this is a complex and all consuming task that requires extensive commitment and cooperation not just of governments, but also of industries of the world. The writer maintains that the main obstacle cited to pursuing the reduction of the greenhouse gases is the fear that it will negatively impact the economy and cut jobs. The writer concludes that many scientists, including David Suzuki and the United Nations IPCC, believe that any further increase in greenhouse emissions will devastate economies in the long run and keeping greenhouse emissions near current levels would cost only a very small fraction of the world's economic output.
Outline:
Introduction
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
What is Global Warming?
The Effects of Global Warming and Global Climate Change
From the Paper
"The Sun provides earth with great amounts of energy, of which about half is reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere. Ultraviolet light is absorbed by the ozone layer, while infrared (heat energy) is absorbed by the CO2 and water in the atmosphere. The energy absorbed by the earth surface is reradiated back into space. However, while most of the solar energy reaching the earth is visible light, the energy reemitted by the Earth is mainly infrared. This infrared energy is absorbed by the CO2 and water in the lower levels of the Earth's atmosphere. Because of this naturally occurring effect, the Earth's surface temperature is such that the planet is capable of sustaining life. This phenomenon is called the 'greenhouse' effect."
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Prison Reform Sanctions, 2008.
This paper discusses whether intermediate sanctions are a better alternative than traditional incarceration.
1,578 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that in the United States, there are two types of prisons: public, paid for by taxpayers, and private in which business and industry run prisons for capital gain. The writer maintains that although public prisons are far from perfect, they appear to be a better alternative than private sector prisons. Since both have major flaws, alternative sanctions must be explored when examining the issue of prison reforms. The writer then discusses that there are many valid alternatives to public and private prison incarceration, which may be as effective in reforming the offender. The writer concludes that alternative sanctions appear to be effective options to long prison terms and may reduce recidivism rates, while saving American taxpayer money.
Outline:
What is the Current Condition of Prisons in the United States?
What Alternative Sanctions are Available?
From the Paper
"Although safety may be a factor in private prisons, the efficiency level at which these facilities are run appears to be above that of public prisons. One study actually found that the incarceration length of an average inmate in a private prison is less than half that served by an inmate in the public sector.
"As stated, private prison systems are very cost effective, often 5 to 15 percent below public prison costs of operation. However, the failure to rehabilitate prisoners in a productive manner may cost society a bigger price in the end."
"Overall, although private sector facilities house less dangerous inmates, these prisons appear to be a more dangerous environment due to the lack of staff on duty. Although public prisons are far from perfect, they appear to be a better alternative than a private sector prison."
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Mill's Utilitarianism, 2008.
This paper explores John Stuart Mill's approach to utilitarianism.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that utilitarianism is based on the pursuit of pleasure. The paper then focuses on Mill's belief that it is not the quantity of pleasure that is important, but rather the quality of that pleasure, both on the individual and the social level. The paper explores the implications of this approach and analyzes its merits and drawbacks. The paper reveals that there are significant flaws in Mill's approach that undermine the effectiveness of the proposal specifically and utilitarianism in general.
From the Paper
"Utilitarianism has become all but synonymous with John Stuart Mill, not surprisingly since he literally wrote the book on the subject. In Utilitarianism, Mill (1861) writes, "It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied" (p. 153). This is a central point in Mill's philosophical and ethical approach, one that has significant implications for utilitarianism. An examination of the merits and drawbacks of this position reveals that there exist significant flaws in Mill's approach, flaws that undermine the effectiveness of the proposal specifically and utilitarianism generally."
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Max Weber, 2008.
This paper reviews Max Weber's classic "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism".
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Max Weber's "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism", just 150 pages, has been his most influential words. The author points out that, in this breakthrough study, Weber analyzed the relationship between the spirit of abstinence and self-denial that was at the core of ascetic Protestantism and emergent spirit of industrial capitalism. The paper relates that Weber argued that the modern capitalistic spirit was drawn in large part from the intellectual and cultural background of religious creeds, particularly Calvinism. The author underscores that Weber thought that Calvinism produced a mindset suited for involvement and success in business ventures.
From the Paper
"Weber observed that capitalism imposed the "calling" on the modern worker, while Protestantism induced it form the medieval worshiper. Asceticism helped to create the "tremendous cosmos of the modern economic order." Today, this mechanistic capitalist order dictates the lives that people live. Their attachment to material goods has become "an iron cage." Goods control the individual. At the same time, the spirit of religious asceticism has been lost. It "has escaped from the cage." Whether this was a final escape or not Weber cold not say."
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John Locke, 2008.
An overview of the beliefs of John Locke.
736 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses John Locke's belief in a social contract and his belief that government should protect the natural rights of life, liberty and property of its people.
From the Paper
"Locke is cited to be the first British Empiricist. He believed that government was only legitimate if it had consent from the people. Locke also believed that government protected the natural rights of life, liberty and property. If the people did not give consent to the government then there was no legitimacy and they had a right to rebel against the government that was imposing its will. Locke believed that there was a social contract between government and the people to govern in the way the people wanted. This paper will discuss Locke's belief in a social contract and his belief that government should protect the natural rights of life, liberty and property of its people (Locke, 1980, p. 9)."
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Chavez's Regime, 2008.
A political study of President Hugo Chavez of Venezuela.
2,445 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper is a political study that analyzes the fascist tendencies of the Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, within the context of his leadership in radical South American politics. The author explains that by examining his role through a fascist perspective, one can realize the growing animosity toward capitalism and the rise of a extremist socialist government that is becoming increasingly dictatorial, rather than democratically implemented in the Venezuelan government.
From the Paper
"Often, the conflict of economics is the main reason why Chavez creates so much animosity in his foreign policy, since he is seeking to radically separate foreign dominance over monetary profits made by colonial European and North American companies. The pro-Chavez supporters often cite the massive influence that the United States and the European nations wield over the banking and oil institutions that dominate the country. Currently, these foreign companies have a free reign to take many of the natural resources from the Venezuelan's, and do not contribute to the well being of the majority of peoples that must collect and distribute these resources outside of their own country. This issue has created a government that is controlled through the economic power of the American banks that continue to limit the social and governmental autonomy of Venezuela by controlling monetary value, as well as having massive lending power through loans to dictate the course of governmental policy. In this manner, pro-Chavez supporters often see a leader that is seeking to stop this type of economic imperialism through socialist values that will re-distribute the wealth of these international companies for the greater good of his people. Within Venezuela certain citizens feel that he is working for their best interests, which has not always been the case through the foreign imperialism of governments past:"
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Parental Discipline, 2008.
This paper discusses the perils of spanking as a disciplinary method.
1,522 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as recently as the 1950s, parents were fierce champions of spanking as a form of child discipline. The writer then points out that since then, a large crop of studies on child psychology has surfaced, with a considerable number of them concluding that spanking breeds detrimental results, and that non-physical discipline is far more likely to cement the desired long-term positive behavior. The writer argues that Sally Lieber's proposed bill, even if it never passes into law, opens up a topic that many parents do not wish to discuss. The writer concludes that it is hoped that this discussion, which aimed to pinpoint some of the sexual and behavioral risks involved in the practice of spanking children, will entice one to abandon this undignified and humiliating practice.
From the Paper
"Children, naturally, imitate the behavior of elders and authority figures, and caregivers must remember that their sons and daughters will one day become husbands and wives, mothers and fathers, etc: that is, the children will likely imitate the behavior of their own parents when they, too, have children of their own. The family, then, is entrusted with instructing a child in life skills, and one's ability to deal with conflict in one of the more important of these skills. As such, kids who learn to address conflicts with the use of the open hand or clenched fist are, consequently, more likely to develop aggressive or violent behavior. What more, spanking sends a clear message about human relationships, and that message will likely include the understanding that it is perfectly justifiable for the strong to intimidate and dominate the physically weak, the small, or the helpless ..."
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Is Wire-Tapping Constitutional?, 2008.
This paper argues that the wire-tapping program of the United States government is necessary in today's world.
3,257 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the provisions of the United States Constitution as well as pertinent federal statutes that are affected by wire-tapping. The paper looks briefly at previous decisions of the United States Supreme Court vis-a-vis government wire-tapping. The paper argues that a solution to government wire-tapping is for a constitutional amendment to be passed authorizing its use - but only if specific criteria are satisfied. The paper then discusses the social implications of the proposed solution.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Constitutional Issue
Research on the Issue: Federal Statutes and Court Precedents
Proposed Solution with Supporting Argument
Social Policy Implications of Proposed Solution
From the Paper
"The constitutional issue at the heart of the ongoing controversy over the government wire-tapping initiative comes down to Article II of the United States Constitution. Among other things, this article gives the President the power to serve as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy as well as the authority to preside over the militia of the nation's states; he or she also has the power to make treaties and these treaties are binding as long as two-thirds of the Senate is in accord. In the overview, Article II appears to give the President considerable scope or latitude in the realm of national defense. With this in mind, it may be argued that the White House's wire-tapping initiative is validated by the explicit obligation the President has to protect the well-being of the nation in times of peril."
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Rhetoric of the War on Terror vs. the Cold War, 2008.
An analysis of the power of the definition of terms such as "Cold War" and "War on Terror."
1,288 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the rhetoric and arguments that surround the Cold War and the War on Terror. It discusses how the definition of terms such as "Cold War" or "War on Terror" has a large impact upon how these wars are viewed. The paper argues that those who define and utilize the terms, primarily governments, often do so with ulterior motives, with the understanding that the one who controls the definition also controls the methodology of approach and influences public attitudes.
From the Paper
"The orthodox interpretation of the Cold War, for instance, stated that the beginning of the Cold War can be traced to the Soviet attempt to expand its sphere of control into Eastern Europe. This theory notes that the Soviets violated treaties made during the war to limit its reach. Thus, the U.S. is portrayed as acting in a purely defensive way to protect itself and stem the expansion of communism worldwide, through such strategies as the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. This standard view of the Cold War, which certainly had much evidence in its favor, began to be questioned in the 1960s, as the failure of the Vietnam War, then a major theater of operations in which the U.S. faced off the communist expansion, became impossible to ignore. Some writers around that time began to argue that the U.S. itself was an "empire" with global reach, not unlike many other empires throughout history, and thus was not solely in a defensive position against its opponent. More recent writers, notably Noam Chomsky, make a similar argument. Related to this critique of U.S. actions is the argument that the U.S. economic motivation, to force all nations in the world to open themselves to U.S. trade and economic influence, is also a source of worldwide conflict and opposition, both during the Cold War and during the current War on Terror (Richelson and Evans)."
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Information Systems and Security, 2008.
This paper critically examines the information systems of the United States with regards to the struggle against terrorism.
2,977 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 126.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and looks at how the United States' information systems fail to meet the tests of universality and of platform and operating systems compatibility. The paper then looks at how border security and the war against bioterrorism have been facilitated by cutting-edge technologies that are compromised by the same interoperability issues. The paper concludes that the failings of the DHS is proof that a more streamlined, centralized data-gathering and data-exchange process is needed.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Information Systems and Standards Universality, Oversight and Compatibility: the Case of the United States Government
Federal Information Systems and the Border
A brief Look at Federal information Systems and Bioterrorism
Future Vision
Conclusions/Summary
From the Paper
"A Government Accountability Office Study conducted in June of 2005 found many problems with the information system in place at the Department of Homeland Security - problems that clearly reveal logistical and planning problems that must be overcome both in the public and in the private realms if the terrorist threat is to be appreciably reduced. To begin with, if the DHS is to be held up as an example, the United States government has done a desultory job of putting in place universal information security practices and controls. Things like a proper risk assessment, security plan, a regime of security tests and evaluations, remedial action plans, and a structure for the continuity of operations have (in one way or another) fallen short of expectations or have simply been absent (Government Accountability Office, 2005)."
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The Russian Revolution of 1917, 2008.
A comparative book review of John Reed's 'Ten Days That Shook the World', Edward Carr's 'The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923,' and Robert Service's 'Lenin: A Biography'.
2,339 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This comparative book review compares and contrasts three books about the Russian Revolution of 1917: John Reed's 'Ten Days That Shook the World', Edward Carr's 'The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923,' and Robert Service's 'Lenin: A Biography'. The writer notes that these books have been selected for comparative review because they provide a broad range of perspectives on the revolution. The writer points out that all three authors agree that successful revolutions require leaders of charisma who can personify the ideology, revolutionary sentiments, and political aspirations of the citizenry. They agree as well that in the critical autumn of 1917, Lenin possessed these qualities in abundance. The writer concludes that despite their different perspectives, all three authors agree that through his leadership, Lenin forced his political enemies and rivals to react to what he was doing instead of vice versa, and in turbulent and unpredictable revolutions, that is a decisive advantage.
From the Paper
"But because Lenin recognized that political, economic, and social conditions in Russia had not developed enough to attempt a proletarian revolution, he focused his efforts on developing a class consciousness in the Russian proletariat. Lenin and Russian Marxists understood that once this proletarian consciousness was developed, the proletariat would understand the need to destroy bourgeois culture elements such as religion, private ownership of property, the corrupt legal system, and the capitalist economic system. Consequently, they knew that many political, economic, and social changes would need to be made in the aftermath of a successful proletarian revolution, and that this would require ruthless determination because strong resistance would be inevitable."
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The U.S. F-1 Student Visa, 2008.
This paper looks at the eligibility guidelines of the F-1 Student Visa as well as its essential purpose.
883 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how long the F-1 Student Visa is usually valid, whether or not an alien can work while in possession of an F-1 Student Visa and whether it is possible for the holder of a student visa to switch to another designation while in the United States. The paper shows how there are relatively few restrictions placed upon aliens entering America for educational purposes. The paper points out, however, that this is dependent on the foreign student keeping the government apprised of any changes to his status and always having the proper documentation.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the F-1 visa application has very specific eligibility guidelines for interested individuals. For one thing, an applicant for a U.S. student visa must be coming to the United States in order to pursue an academic program in an institution recognized by the United States government. In a related vein, the alien must have a "valid education purpose" for coming to America and he or she can only stay in the United States on an F1 visa for as long as he or she is enrolled in school (United States Immigration Support, para.2). Suffice it to say, the F-1 visa adheres to fairly strict timelines and guidelines when it comes to who can, and who cannot, enter the United States of America."
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George W. Bush: A Cultural Icon, 2008.
A strong argument that claims George W. Bush is a cultural icon who has abused his power.
2,111 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper asserts that George W. Bush is a cultural icon who embodies the positive and negative aspects of American culture. The paper explains why political strategist Karl Rove crafted a public image of Bush as an icon and as a compassionate conservative, pro-life Christian who supports family values, is pro-military and is a tax cutter. The paper contends that this image has been shattered because of his criminal incompetence, reliance upon systematic deceit and abuses of power unparalleled in American political history. The paper includes source material.
From the Paper
"Initially, this strategy of presenting Bush to the American public as an icon was very successful, for conservative voters have always longed for an iconic leader who symbolizes positive American traits and characteristics. President Ronald Reagan fulfilled that longing a generation ago and has been deified ever since by conservatives as the ideal American president. For the same reason, George W. Bush was groomed and marketed to the public during his two terms as governor of Texas as the conservative heir of Ronald Reagan, and that effort continued throughout the early years of Bush's presidency."
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Homeland Security, 2008.
A look at the work of The Homeland Security Department.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the work of The Homeland Security Department - the specific federal agency charged with coordinating all manner of security measures to fight terrorism and to address other broad-based threats to public safety. The author reveals that the effectiveness of the strategy for homeland security is a matter for discussion, and how effective it has been is a matter of some controversy.
From the Paper
"The impetus for the passage of the law and for the creation of the Homeland Security Department was the same, that being the 9-11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001. The term "homeland security" became w3idely known after that event, and the phrase served as a symbol and a goal, the preservation of the security of the homeland. Homeland security then became a policy concept, leading to the decision by President George W. Bush to release his National Strategy for Homeland Security on July 15, 2002. At that time, the concept was defined as "a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur."
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Karl Marx and His Challenge of Liberalism, 2008.
An examination of Karl Marx's challenge to liberalism in "The Communist Manifesto."
1,831 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Karl Marx challenged liberalism in works such as "The Communist Manifesto", in which he condemned capitalism and predicted that the exploited working classes of capitalistic societies would become alienated and overthrow the system of capitalism. The paper explains that Marx was convinced that once liberalism was discredited and capitalism was overthrown, there would be a brief period of rule by the dictatorship of the proletariat and then the classless society of communism would emerge. The paper also discusses how Marx believed that working class Germans should be the chief focus of his revolutionary efforts because the political consciousness of the proletariat in Germany was more developed than in any other country in Europe. The paper then examines liberalism and its impact on society, in order to fully analyze Marx's challenges to liberalism.
From the Paper
"Marx believed that many political, economic, and social changes would be necessary in the aftermath of a proletarian revolution, for in his view, the only way the proletariat could free itself from exploitation was to abolish capitalism. In achieving this goal, the proletariat would have to destroy every remnant of bourgeois liberal culture because this culture perpetuated their misery. Family, religion, the worship of personalities, morality, and the legal system would all have to be abolished. According to Marx, the result of this abolishment would be "an association in which the free development of each is the condition for the development of all.""
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Accountability for Education, 2008.
This paper discusses the No Child Left Behind program, arguing its ineffectiveness.
1,253 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the so-called No Child Left Behind program has been a key educational initiative promoted by the Bush Administration, which claims that the program means accountability, that children are helped by the program, and that the program should in fact be expanded so as to assure that children receive the education they deserve. On the other hand, the writer notes that critics find that the law is ineffective, that the program does not serve the needs of children at all, that what happens is that teaching is changed so everyone teaches to the test so children can pass, that children are not really being educated at all and that the program might work if redesigned. The writer maintains that the evidence does show that the program does more to make schools look good to parents without actually improving education. The writer concludes that teaching to make certain students pass a standardized test does little to educate those children in how to think, and the test only gives political leaders a false belief that they are improving education and accountability when they are only adding a new layer of uncertainty and confusion.
From the Paper
"Critics of the legislation see it as a broad attack on public education in favor of federal control. The irony is that this approach comes from the Republican Party, which has long fought against any federal role in education at all, and in truth, even under the No Child Left Behind Act the party only sees value in federal control if the federal government is controlled by Republicans.
"Criticisms of the No Child Left Behind program come from several different perspectives. One group sees the program as another unfounded federal mandate, and more than 20 states and school districts across the country have objected to the regulations and with the way the program is funded. A survey in 2005 showed that almost half the stets then had testing programs in place for reading and math, but the report also showed that the number of schools cited as needing improvement had doubled over the last year."
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