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Gender & Race in the Presidential Campaign, 2008.
A discussion of how newspapers in the United States reported the Democratic Party's presidential candidacy race in relation to gender and race.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
The author of the paper examines how newspapers in the United States reported the Democratic Party's presidential candidacy race in relation to gender and race. The writer states that for the first time ever, Democratic Party members not only had to choose between male and female candidates, but also between white and black candidates. The author examines how this phenomenon was reported by journalists in the New York Times and the Washington Post.
From the Paper
"The 2008 presidential campaign in the United States is unique in that never before have voters in the Democratic primaries been offered a choice between a woman candidate and an African American male candidate. It can be safely stated that never before have race and gender played such a major role in American presidential politics. While the Republican candidates are all white males, the major Democratic candidates are males (African American Barack Obama and Caucasian John Edwards) and female (former first lady and New York Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton)"
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John McCain, 2008.
An examination of the military and moral influences that have affected John McCain's life.
3,240 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the background and family environment of John McCain as well as his military experience, education and values. The paper posits that McCain uses his military background and morals as a guide in life as well as in the presidential election. The paper discusses McCain's personal qualities and asserts that his desire for justice and his respect for the generations that contributed to the history of the nation make him one of the most respected politicians of the moment.
From the Paper
"The character of a man, regardless of his status or political involvement, is the full result of his family background and influences, his life time experiences, as well as the events he witnessed and helped shape throughout his life. In this sense John McCain is one of the most relevant examples. John McCain is considered to be one of the most important figures on the United States political scene. He has been a remarkable personality that has stirred controversy, respect, and criticism at the same time. However, it is precisely this complex nature of his character that has made him become one of the most talked about Republican candidate for presidency. He found purpose in his life when he joined the army. He wanted to live up to the standards of both his father and grandfather, both of whom were officers in the navy. McCain presented courage and character when serving as a naval aviator during the Vietnam War. His experiences in the military and his father's moral influence helped shape him into the man and politician he is today."
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The World's Response to Apartheid, 2008.
The author of the paper examines how world powers responded to the system of apartheid in South Africa.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
The paper examines and discusses the response of major powers in the world to the rule of apartheid in South Africa. In particular, the author focuses on the United States, the (now defunct) Soviet Union and Great Britain. The author examines the development of apartheid in South Africa and describes how differing power blocks worked towards an abolition of Apartheid. The author then compares the course chosen by the Soviet Union, the United States, Great Britain and other western countries to end apartheid and looks at the effectiveness of those policies.
Outline:
Thesis
Antithesis
Synthesis
Works Cited
From the Paper
"It is important to note that, once the United States and Britain took some level of meaningful action in the mid-1980s, apartheid was gone in less than a decade. South African Pres. F.W. de Clerk began dismantling apartheid in 1990 and held the country's first free, open elections in 1994. Certainly, the demise of apartheid could be attributed to the cumulative effects of years of pressure from other nations, but when the United States and Britain officially condemned apartheid with economic sanctions, the South African regime lost its last elements of legitimacy. It is reasonable to think that, with continued American and British support, apartheid could have lasted longer in South Africa. It is equally important to note that the effects of weak measures by the Americans and British were arguably devastating to the South African people. By all accounts, the 30-plus years of limited or no activity by the American and British were marked by thousands of cases of execution, torture and unlawful imprisonment. Twenty-two thousand South Africans have been officially recommended for government reparations, although this number it considered a dramatic understatement, and it does not, obviously, include the dead (Singer, 2004). And, certainly, government-forced poverty took a toll on millions of other South Africans. In short, the cost of American and British inactivity was extremely high."
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Counterterrorism Strategies, 2008.
This paper explores the need for counterterrorism strategies to be aware of causative factors and technology.
1,817 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how terrorism has become an international phenomenon due to modern means of technological and digital communication. The paper then explains the need to create a counterterrorism strategy that is defensive but also includes a proactive and integrated approach to the causes that motivate terrorist actions.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Causes and Communication
Technology and Counterterrorism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is true that terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human history. Terrorist acts and tactics as a means of attaining social and political ends have been recorded throughout human history. There are however a number of critical differences between the terrorism of the past and modern terrorism. One of these differences is that modern terrorism makes use of contemporary technology, such as computers and the Internet. As one commentator on terrorism states; "....while terrorism has a long history; the current wave of this form of violence has been given impetus by a series of new developments in the post-World War II period. Any analysis of terrorism in the contemporary world must begin with a discussion of these developments" (Evans, 1979, p. 11)."
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Al Qaeda Training Manual, 2008.
This paper explains the significance of the Al Qaeda training manual as a source of information for counter-terrorist services.
1,129 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Al Qaeda training manual outlines the main qualities, attributions and actions relevant for the terrorist organization, as well as different means of training and communication routes. The paper discusses each of its constituting elements and analyzes how they can be incorporated into a counter-terrorism strategy in order to prevent events like the 9/11 attacks.
From the Paper
"The so called Al Qaeda Training Manual, retrieved from a Manchester based suspected Al Qaeda member is an important source of information for the counterterrorist services around the world. It represents an essential set of rules and norms about the way in which terrorists conduct their activities inside their terrorist organization and outside, in the states they activate. The importance of the document resides in the fact that it outlines the main qualities, attributions, and actions relevant for the terrorist organization, as well as different means of training and communication routes."
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Making US Embassies Safe, 2008.
An analysis of the vulnerabilities and weaknesses of U.S embassies in overseas countries.
3,111 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper considers examples of attacks on US embassies in the Middle East, Africa and Europe in order to determine the vulnerable areas and design a possible improved framework of security. The paper presents several possible solutions for reducing the vulnerability of American embassies. The paper concludes by emphasizing how important it is that the US take action to improve the security of its embassies throughout the world and also reduce the vulnerability of its premises and its missions.
From the Paper
"The United States is widely viewed as being one of the most important targets for terrorist attacks due to the increased violence actions around the world. The 9/11 events have pointed out the fact that the territory of the US is becoming increasingly vulnerable to the acts of uncontrollable and unpredictable violence. In this sense, both its national ground, as well as its territories oversea is faced with the constant threat of terrorism. Especially in the last two decades, the number of terrorist attacks increased as more diplomats and US citizens have been the victims of embassy bombings. The events in the 80s that took place in Beirut and other parts of the Middle East proved the US their vulnerability in terms of defending against asymmetric threats. Furthermore, at the end of the 90s the Kenya and Tanzania embassy bombings showed the degree in which vulnerabilities can harm and endanger the lives of diplomats and the diplomatic service. This is why it is important to consider the various aspects which could create a vulnerable position for the US embassies from around the world."
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Imports and Exports, 2008.
An analysis of the effects of the devaluation of the dollar and emerging nations on importing and exporting for the United States.
2,221 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the history of importing and exporting in the United States and introduces how the move from the 'gold standard' to the 'floating dollar' has affected importing and exporting for the US. It examines the devaluation of the dollar against the euro and examines how the US will need to learn new ways to deal with emerging nations, such as India and China. Finally, the paper looks at how globalization has changed the manner in which the US conducts business both at home and abroad.
Table of Contents:
Objectives
Background of the Study
US Steadily Growing Trade Deficit
Devaluation of he Dollar
Factors for Consideration in US Trade Relations with China
Globalization and the Changes in Conduction of Business both at Home and Abroad for the United States
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The hope for promises of the NAFTA free trade agreement have not culminated in many positive situations and China has not followed the trade rules as closely as would have been desired initially however, new groundwork has been laid for coping with the complexities of the import and export trade with China which has been acknowledged as beneficial for both China and the United States. It will be of primary importance that China is held to the trade regulations in a transparent manner. Greater accountability and enforcement are the call-words for the future trade relations with China and other developing, emerging and rapidly growing countries involved in import and export trade with the United States. The United States has announced intentions to promote export trade with China and other developing countries and their markets."
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Scope of International Law, 2008.
This paper discusses the scope, benefits and challenges of international law.
1,163 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the current changing paradigm of increasing globalization, the proliferation of non-government organizations, and the growing activities of multinationals, the scope of international law has become much broader. The writer points out that the jurisdictional and protective reach of international law now extends far beyond traditional state-to-state interactions to international organizations as well as individuals. This paper looks at the background of the expanding scope of international law. The writer then discusses some of the challenges, benefits and trade-offs that such a growing reach of international law necessarily brings.
Outline:
The Expanding Scope of International Law
Challenges
Benefits
Trade-Offs
Works Cited
From the Paper
"International law is often perceived to encroach upon domestic sovereignty of nation-states. Most governments are jealously protective of their sovereignty and consider any international law that conflict with their domestic laws as unwanted intrusion in their internal affairs. It is, however, noticeable that the most fervent opposition to a more widespread implementation of international law comes from coercive, dictatorial regimes such as China, Russia, and the military regime of Burma governments who do not like to adhere to civilized norms of behavior, particularly in the treatment of their own people. Even a number of democratic countries, such as the United States are only supportive of international law as long as it serves their narrow national interest. Hence, the biggest challenge to extending the scope of international law beyond its traditional boundaries is to devise and implement it in such a way that it does not conflict with domestic laws and does not threaten sovereignty of nations. "
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Social Needs and Public Services, 2008.
This paper discusses the issues of social citizenship and welfare, focusing on Britain.
2,097 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the concepts of social citizenship and welfare are intertwined in terms of views on basic human needs and the right to the means of meeting these needs. The writer discusses that the concept of social citizenship itself is based upon the investigations and writings of T.H. Marshall. The writer maintains that while welfare even in its earliest forms has always been based upon the well-being of citizens within a country, Marshall expanded this idea to include the rights of citizens beyond only legal and political equality. The writer discusses that this expansion also includes social equality rights such as a minimum level of economic security and social welfare that should be provided by the state. The writer then looks at social citizenship and the British welfare state.
Outline:
Social Citizenship and Welfare
The British Welfare State
The Contribution of Social Citizenship
From the Paper
" Social citizenship and its relation to the welfare state has received increasing attention from critics over the last decades of the 20th century to date. Indeed, some have gone as far as stating that Marshall's views are no longer relevant for the current welfare state. Mass opinion appears to tend towards a defection from relying upon the state to provide economic and health security, as an increasing number of citizens tend to make private policy provisions for their health and future pension. This appears to indicate a fundamental disillusion with the concept of social citizenship and with the ability of the state to provide its citizens with the level of financial and health security that they need."
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International Law, 2008.
An examination of the history and development of international law and how American foreign policy relates to it.
1,363 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses international law. It explains some of the history and customs that lie behind today's accepted principles of international law and discusses how and why the laws were developed. The paper specifically focuses on American foreign policy with regard to international law and how new international law would affect today's leadership.
From the Paper
"International law consists of customs, principles and rules legally binding upon sovereign states and other participating international entities (Joyner 2002). It derives from treaties and international conventions, customs and customary use, and generally accepted principles of law and equity as the three main sources. Judicial decisions made by international tribunals and domestic courts form part of the law-making process. Examples of these are resolutions of international organizations, such as the United Nations. The current rules of international law are premised on state sovereignty, so that each State has the option to participate in international negotiations, sign or ratify any international treaty. Every member-State of an international agency, such as the United Nations, can freely opt to ratify a convention adopted by the agency (Joyner)."
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U. S. Foreign Policy, 2008.
Describes U.S. foreign policy especially since 9/11 and the viewpoint of European countries regarding this foreign policy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for years, the United States has used its power and influence to help forge international consensus on vital issues. The author points out that this foreign policy is viewed by many countries as being militaristic because it resorts quickly to the use of force to resolve international disputes. The paper relates the attitudes of the European countries that, even post 9/11, this United States' foreign policy is highly overrated. The author concludes that the United States foreign policy, which supports the war on terror, should be continued despite the opposition from other countries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Europe
Opposition
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This has been clearly represented in America's war with Iraq and the 'Axis of Evil' that has been dominating American Foreign Policy discourse since 9/11. This contrasts with a Europe, which is seemingly committed to 'soft politics, wanting to build a world where economic strength means more than military strength. A world where international institutions and laws- such as those demonstrated by the United Nations, reign supreme over unilateralism and a state-centric view of the world."
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Rule of Power, 2008.
A discussion on The United States' foreign policy regarding the principle of the rule of power.
1,245 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques America's foreign policy and argues that the United States has become the greatest obstacle to establishing the rule of law in international affairs. The paper also provides research that supports this viewpoint. The paper maintains that rather than utilizing its position of power in order to act as leaders in the promotion of the rule of law in the international community, the US has opted to base its foreign policy on the rule of power, finding it preferable in the furthering of American interests.
From the Paper
"Rather than utilizing their position of power in order to act as leaders in the promotion of the rule of law in the international community, they have opted to base their foreign policy on the rule of power, finding it preferable in the furthering of American interests. In doing so, the United States has sent the message to the international community loud and clear: they will do whatever they want, whenever they want, and no one can stop them. Time and time again, they have demonstrated an utter and blatant disregard for international treaties. This attitude becomes even more appalling when considering that these are treaties to which they belong. Furthermore, their ongoing track record of inexcusable military operations is nothing less than atrocious."
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An Imperial Presidency?, 2008.
An examination of Arthur Jr. Schlesinger's "The Imperial Presidency", Forrest McDonald's "The American Presidency: an Intellectual History" and Arthur Rudalevige's "The New Imperial Power: Renewing Presidential Powers After Watergate".
3,091 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes and compares Arthur Jr. Schlesinger's "The Imperial Presidency", Forrest McDonald's "The American Presidency: an Intellectual History" and Arthur Rudalevige's "The New Imperial Power: Renewing Presidential Powers After Watergate". The paper discusses the theme of these three books, the arguments supporting the challenges each of the authors try to address, as well as the evidence used to support the books' thesis. The paper concludes that each author demonstrates that the presidential prerogatives, depending on the historical conditions, experienced modifications that are not in line with the Constitution.
From the Paper
"The issue of the presidential powers in relation to the Supreme Court and the Congress was of great interest to the drafters of the Constitution from the point of view of the previous historical experience which eventually led to the American Revolution. The fear of a new authoritarian regime such as the one imposed by the British rule on the American colonies made the Founding Fathers consider a different set of rules and norms that would establish a clear delimitation between the three powers in the State: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial powers. In this sense, the President was given limited attributions and they were to be exercised in cooperation and in coordination with the Congress. However, the historical circumstances in time established a deviation from this line of action. More precisely, the president became more and more engaged in the conduct of foreign policy, without always having the consent of the legislative part."
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Administrators and Special Education, 2008.
This paper looks at the role of administrators of special education in the 21st century.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the question of the role of the administrator in special education in the contemporary educational environment is largely predicated on the present reform and policy initiatives and the way that social education is viewed in the 21st century. The writer points out that in the first instance, there has been a radical change with regard to national policies addressing the education of students with disabilities and to special education in general. The writer discusses that the role of the administrator in the 21st century does not only refer to the application and assessment of policy but also refers to problematics of the accessibility and acceptability of special education students in the mainstream of schools. The writer concludes that furthermore, the role of the administrator includes the attainment and maintenance of a high level of knowledge and understanding of the central issues and problems in special education.
From the Paper
"This again points to the important role that the administrator plays in the regulation and assessment of policy directives with regard to the special education.
"In the light of these challenges, the 21st century administrator should focus on a number of important aspects. These include the following. There is a need for the administrator to implement effective and functional instructional strategies and this requires implementation in the light of the needs and requirements of the student in special education. Central to the role of the modern administrator is the need to improve the standard of achievement of students with disabilities."
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Women in the Welfare System, 2008.
A look at the goals of the National Organization for Women (NOW).
1,626 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the major concerns of the National Organization for Women (NOW) and how they are pushing for new legislation on welfare to address these issues. The paper discusses the fight against the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) legislation and the subsequent lobbying against the prospective legislation to have replaced TANF. The paper argues that government leaders cannot afford to waste time and money on unproven methods which are based on old stereotypes.
From the Paper
"Generations have now seen liberal feminist groups make a difference in American politics. We are now way past the days where women had trouble speaking up for themselves, yet there are many inequalities which are faced by American women on a daily basis. The National Organization for Women (NOW) is one of the largest activist groups for the rights of women all over the country. Today, the organization has members in all fifty states. The make their policies according to the liberal feminist theories which have driven it since its foundation in 1966. The era of the 1960's presented "Ideological shifts, pressure from increasingly militant popular movements, and an expanded welfare system reopened the door to reform," (Abramovitz 1998)."
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Class Perceptions, 2008.
An examination of class perceptions and how being a perceived member of a certain class can have either benefits and disadvantages.
1,617 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses different classes of society and people's perceptions both of the class that they fall into and the class that other people fall into. The paper looks briefly at the ramifications of falling into a particular class category. The paper also looks at how an individual can perceive himself as being in one class, while others perceive him differently.
From the Paper
"The most interesting aspects of these interviewees was the man who had nothing who thought of himself as middle class. He had been raised as the last of six children with good, upper middle class parents who provided everything for him that he desired. His mom even did his homework for him. Even though he had nothing to his name, (when interviewed everything had been hocked to buy drugs) he was still a member of the middle class. Answers from the other five interviewees were not surprising and mostly complemented their status with their perceived status. This could be due to the fact that they are all Americans."
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