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The Growth of Terrorism, 2008.
This paper discusses international terrorism and its relation to technology and the connected world.
1,805 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how international terrorism is related to and often dependent on modern communications technology and the connectivity in our social, economic and personal environment. The paper looks at cyber-terrorism and shows how the spread of terrorism is an almost unavoidable result of the proliferation of electronic media and technology.
Outline:
Introduction
Extremist Groups and Technology
Divergent Groups and Communication
Varieties of Cyber-Terrorism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The growth of terrorism in our contemporary world is a fact that is without doubt one of the greatest threats to peace and civilization today. The question that may be asked is why has terrorism become such a global and international threat to the world? Terrorism as a style of protest and even warfare, characterized by the aim of instilling fear and terror in certain countries or people is not something new in history. Terrorism in some form or another is evident, even from a brief glance at human history. However, in our age, terrorism is international and is often coordinated between different countries and regions of the world."
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Marx: Capitalism and Class, 2008.
An examination of Karl Marx's views on capitalism and the influence of the ruling class on the economy.
4,439 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 18 sources, APA, AU$ 168.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Karl Marx's development of communism or socialism in response to what he saw as the evils of capitalism. The author describes the industrial revolution, which brought about the social changes and conditions that Marx saw as unjust to the working class majority. He believed that capitalism and mass production destroyed the cohesion of fellow human beings and made self-interest more important than shared values and goals, thereby dehumanizing the worker. The author provides a brief overview of American society before the industrial revolution and explains how industrialization led to the exploitation of African Americans, immigrants and women as cheap labor. The author explains the concept of market socialism, a modern theoretical cure for both the ills of capitalism and the weakness of traditional communism, and discusses why Marxism failed. The author concludes by suggesting that what is most needed might be a blending of the two systems, in which capitalism and socialism could each counteract the evils of the other.
Outline:
Labor as a Commodity
History of Values and Attitudes
Strengths and Weaknesses in Marxism
Failures of Marxism
From the Paper
"In an effort to explain the philosophical differences between capitalism and Marxism, it is helpful to ponder how philosophical values and ideas are shaped. According to Kolakowski (2005), the history of philosophy has two opposing viewpoints--materialism and idealism. Idealists theorize that spirit existed before nature, and materialists theorize that spirit materialized after nature. There have been countless creeds in the history of philosophy that have tried, unsuccessfully, to find a balance between the two main viewpoints."
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Industrial Revolution and Standard of Living, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of international standards of living following the industrial revolution.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 38 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that one of the most significant changes that resulted from the industrial revolution involves standards of living all over the world. This work discusses emerging standards of living, first through a brief historical timeline and by assessing the level of urbanization that has occurred. The paper then takes a look at class emergence in the wake of the industrial revolution and assesses the wage economy. Next, the paper analyzex the nature and structure of the family economy, and lastly, it looks at the movement of the means of production as it applies to standard of living. The writer maintains that clearly, the manner in which people work, the place they live, the wages they earn, the way they receive goods and services and the changes that all these things create in the family are indicative of standards of living. The industrial revolution created massive changes in all these things for a great many people.
From the Paper
"In the early years of industrialization the switch was evident in every member of the family, including the wage earning of women and children. To some degree it is debatable as to whether the release of control of the means of production is an increase or a decrease in standard of living. This depends almost entirely on mitigating factors, such as work conditions, hours of work, real wage earned, and amenities offered by employer and living conditions that a family is willing and able to provide for itself, but there is no question that the switch from control of the means of production to wage earning is a substantial one.
"One issue that is particularly important, on determining the impact of such changes is health. Some historians and economists see nutritional health, and the outcomes of it are essential to a complete understanding of the separation of families and individuals from the means of production."
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"The Heart of Darkness", 2008.
This paper discusses and analyzes the work "The Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad.
1,013 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the novel "The Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad. Specifically, the writer identifies one possible theme in the novel and explains how Conrad nurtures and presents this theme in the text. The writer discusses that Conrad's novel is a scathing critique on European imperialism in Africa and the evils of this corrupt and abusive practice. The writer concludes that the reader of "The Heart of Darkness" understands just what a horrible practice imperialism was, and how it changed the face of entire continents, seemingly overnight, all in the name of greed, avarice, and political power.
From the Paper
"Kurtz is driven to madness by the imperialistic attitudes of those around him, and his own greed for money via the ivory trade. He spends his life in the jungle, searching for ivory and coming to know the natives, who think he is a white God. He represents the very worst of imperialism, because he comes to know and understand the natives, and still he takes advantage of them. He loves their hero worship, and he trades for ivory with them, but he is still using them and leaving them with little or nothing in return, just as the Belgians leave the Congo when they have taken all they can get from the country and the people."
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Due Process, 2008.
This paper discusses due process, truth and the US criminal justice system.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at due process, which is one of the most important founding principles underlying the U.S. criminal justice system. The writer explains that due process derives from the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which applies to federal government action and has traditionally been applied identically to state actions by the identical provision contained in the Fourteenth Amendment. The writer discusses that due process also requires grand jury indictment, and prohibits double jeopardy and compelled self-incrimination, and therefore, is one of the most influential concepts defining criminal procedure in the enforcement of penal laws in the U.S.
Outline:
Introduction
Striking a Balance between Two Important Principles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Law enforcement always requires the balancing of two competing social concerns: on one hand, is the government's interest in protecting its citizens and prosecuting criminal conduct; on the other hand, is the right of innocent citizens to be free from unrestricted searches and seizures and compelled confessions. Under British rule before the Revolution that established a sovereign United States, citizens were subject to unwarranted searches of their property and seizure of their persons for suspicion of criminal conduct without the need for justification on the part of government agents. This experience under British rule was incorporated into the U.S. Constitution and its subsequent amendments, including the Bill of Rights, precisely to provide the protection of citizens against unrestricted governmental police powers.
"Unrestricted police powers might, in principle, allow for the highest level of crime prevention and prosecution, but at a very steep cost, because virtually any police action would be permissible, including searches and apprehension, detention, and imprisonment without any justification, based solely on the suspicions, or even the whims, of government agents. Excessive protections of individual rights would prohibit the investigatory, arrest, and prosecutorial functions necessary to enforce the laws of society.
"The goal of modern constitutional criminal procedure is to define principles of law enforcement that protect citizens from government intrusions that are unreasonable in their effect on personal liberties, while simultaneously facilitating the reasonable enforcement of law and protection of society by prosecuting and punishing criminal conduct."
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Criminal Threats in Turkey, 2008.
This paper examines Turkey's struggle against the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) terrorist group.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the most important criminal threat facing Turkish society and government; the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). The paper discusses the financial, social and military measures the authorities use to protect the Turkish population from the violent manifestations of the rebels against the local population. The writer includes his personal view that the PKK threat could be dealt with through dialogue between the two parties and through an improvement in the quality of life in Kurdish regions.
From the Paper
"Turkey has been an interesting case study for international relations for decades now. It is neither a Muslim, nor a European country, yet its foreign policy prospects include the affirmation of an increasingly important role in both regions. However, such an ambitious plan requires the resolution of internal crises that press on the society. It can be said that the Turkish state faces serious challenges in insuring a proper human security environment and up to this point there is little improvement in this sense, rather an escalation of the threats facing the society."
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Withdraw From Iraq!, 2008.
A paper arguing that the U.S. must end the military occupation in Iraq.
2,396 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the U.S. occupation of Iraq has contributed to a deeper sense of insecurity at home on the part of Americans and has not helped reduce the magnitude of worldwide terrorism. The paper examines the main arguments in favor of military withdrawal from Iraq and shows how the American intervention in Iraq has profoundly influenced the level of hatred for the United States around the world.
From the Paper
"The war in Iraq is an ongoing conflict which started with the American and British allied forces' invasion of Iraq in March, 2003. The invasion was launched by a coalition of army forces from the United States, United Kingdom and Spain, at the command of President George W. Bush, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar. Their common reason behind the invasion of Iraq was that Iraq was actively developing weapons of mass destruction, and they invoked the Iraqi refusal to surrender these weapons and to cease all activities in this field."
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Unemployment: The Real Story, 2008.
This paper shows how the issue of unemployment in America is complete with rhetoric and stereotypes.
903 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to uncover the myths about unemployment in America. The paper looks at data that shows that, contrary to what some would have you believe, the vast majority of Americans are not spending years on unemployment and are not making limited or no efforts to find jobs. The paper also considers regional unemployment statistics that prove that local economic conditions have more to do with people being out of work than some sort of inherent laziness. The paper concludes that much of the rhetoric that often accompanies the unemployment debate is simply inaccurate.
Outline:
Data Shows Unemployment Not a Long-Term Crutch
Regional Variations Show Economic Impact
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unemployment in America is a hot-button political issue that is complete with rhetoric and stereotypes. While Americans are bombarded with news of labor shortages, and how service industries in particular can not find enough workers, they often have difficulty understanding how people can remain unemployed (Stark, 2004). As a result, a variety of myths about the unemployed develop. Many have speculated that the unemployed are lazy, not looking for a job, and sometimes are having children simply to collect larger social assistance benefits."
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John Brown: Martyr or Terrorist?, 2008.
A discussion of John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry and whether he should be perceived as a hero or a terrorist.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper presents several arguments that support the idea of John Brown being an unremorseful killer with early manifestations of terrorist activities. The paper shows how this contradicts the image many have of him as a saint and a martyr. The paper therefore illustrates how for the African-American community, he stood against inequality and social injustice, while for others he represented the ultimate symbol of violence and treason.
From the Paper
"History is most of the times a controversial issue, despite the fact that it relies on comprehensive information and verifiable data. In most situations important events in the culture of a nation are subject to various interpretations which give history its subjective character. Nonetheless, the controversies that arise in discussing a subject are often the ones that offer more insight into a certain issue and can therefore be considered to have the most important contribution to the historical analysis."
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Globalization and its Effects, 2008.
This paper discusses the theory that globalization weakens the state.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that when speaking about whether globalization weakens the state, there are several arguments that must be taken into consideration. This paper first deals with the question of whether globalization is beneficial or not, pointing out that this subject can be discussed in several manners depending on the example provided. The answer to the main question, of whether globalization weakens the state or not, is also highly dependent on the way the matter is treated. The writer presents both parts, arguing both that globalization brings prosperity and that it brings more economic power to a state and that globalization shifts power from the government to the private sector.The writer concludes that globalization seems to work only for already developed countries, even though all countries that agree to the global capital market agree to the rules of globalization.
From the Paper
"The best examples that globalization works and is benefic for the economic development of countries are those of East Asian countries that have adapted themselves to a capitalist market economy and took advantage of the free market in order to sell their products. In these countries, poverty was actually reduced and they have known an unprecedented economic growth. The lesson that these countries applied seems simple: they took advantage of the global market for their exports and they managed to close the technology gap between more developed countries and them. By doing this, they became actual competitors on the global market and this can be seen in the economic growth that followed. Prosperity in these countries came in different ways, as some countries developed after opening up to multinational corporations and others, such as Taiwan, created their own corporations. But most importantly, globalization turned up to be a beneficial experience for these countries because they each understood globalization in their own way and applied it as to be in the interest of the many. In these countries, globalization was made in an equalitarian way and so it benefited the many. Because the many benefit from globalization, we can say that these are positive examples that prove that globalization works. The negative examples are the ones in which the benefits of globalization were distributed among the few."
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Sierra Leone, 2008.
A look at the causes behind the population increase in Sierra Leone today.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the history of Sierra Leone and shows how for nearly two decades, Sierra Leone's population has been deprived due to war, poverty, poor education, corrupt political officials and rampant rebel forces. The paper then looks at recent times and discusses the assistance of world organizations, foreign investment and a more stable political structure that have caused the population of Sierra Leone to increase in number and in standard of living.
From the Paper
"First, it is important to examine the history of the country to comprehend the decimation of Sierra Leone's population in the past due to mortality and migration, and the reasons behind such a reduction. European slave traders in Sierra Leone were among the first in west Africa. By 1652, slaves were being shipped from the area to the United States in vast numbers . However, in 1787, the British assisted 400 freed slaves in resettling the Sierra Leone area in what they called the "Province of Freedom". The plan, however, was nearly destroyed as disease and hostility from the local inhabitants nearly eliminated the entire population. The area survived, however, and became known as "Freetown" by 1792."
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Detroit and Urban Crisis, 2008.
This paper looks at the urban crisis in Detroit, while studying the works "Detroit Arcadia" by Rebecca Solnit and "The Origins of the Urban Crisis' by Thomas Sugrue.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as the industrial powerhouse that the United States was in the years of and immediately following World War II began to slow down in the 1960s, many of America's urban areas saw the economic base eroding with the disappearance of industry as well as the huge migration of Caucasians from the cities when the economies of the cities fell into decline. The writer discusses that the by-product of all of these occurrences was the fight to prevent racial integration of the suburban areas into which the Caucasians fled, and a swift decline of American cities. The writer looks at the city of Detroit that has been devastated over the years because of economic and racial issues. Such urban crises are the focus of this research. The research studies and cites the works of two pivotal writers on the topic in an effort to better understand the topic itself.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Consequences of the Urban Crisis
Political Consequences of the Urban Crisis
Agreements/Disagreements
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A brief history lesson of the socioeconomic history of Detroit is the best way to begin to understand the historical consequences of the urban crisis as well as what the crisis is in and of itself. During and immediately after World War II, the machine shops and automobile plants of Detroit, and as a result the other supporting businesses, were flush with cash because of the need for implements of war, during the war years of course, and the need for consumer vehicles after the war, as men and women returning from battle settled back into a state of normalcy and went on a buying spree in unprecedented quantities. Because of the proliferation of available jobs, Caucasians and African-Americans alike were able to gain employment; true, the racial inequality was existent, but it was not as acute or damaging at this point as it would eventually become. With the passage of time, however, the gap between the races was intensified by the power of capitalism, and the African-Americans of Detroit, as well as elsewhere, soon saw the economic and social gap between them and their racial opposites increasing to their disadvantage."
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Criminal Justice Organizations, 2008.
This paper determines the impact of occupational socialization and political power abuse on the criminal justice sector.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the police force, courts and corrections are influenced by occupational socialization and their power and political behavior. The paper shows how the high level of occupational socialization tends to corrupt the police department while its affiliation with often indiscrete political officials results in corruption of the court system. The paper brings evidence from the events following the 9/11 attacks on the United States and maintains that more than loyalty and leadership will be needed to find an accurate balance between power, politics, loyalty and socialization within criminal justice systems.
From the Paper
"Occupational socialization refers to the extent to which professionals within a certain sector and/or workplace connect and socialize with each other. A high level of socialization may for example lead to a high level of loyalty within the organization, whereas a low level of socialization may lead to a higher level of individual creativity and contribution. Socialization is integrated not only with the type of organization in question, but also with the organizational culture involved. In terms of criminal justice, occupational socialization plays a particularly complex role in the police force."
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Social Order and the Justice System, 2008.
This paper explores the maintenance of law, order and democracy within the justice system.
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper refers to the book "Why People Obey the Law" by Tom R. Tyler, which addresses the writings of various authorities who question the tie between law, democracy, government policy and behavior. The paper shows how the theories of government are crucial to the successful administration of public policies and the compliance of the people to the law. The paper discusses how the public tends to resist overly exercised deterrent measures but, if there is trust that the judges administer justice equally, the public adheres to the law willingly.
From the Paper
"Laws were designed to control public behavior. There are many theories of how compliance with the law can be achieved, but most use threats or the use of punishment. The idea of deterrence, Tyler points out, has been widely utilized since the 1980s and has remained the predominant way social order has been maintained into the twenty-first century. The values of the normal populace are based upon voluntary deference to authority, because doing so is part of their obligation to and respect for their leaders. However, the way that a local government manages social order among its residents does not apply to how nations might maintain social order among other nations in the world, which is something the U.S. has had to contend with this century."
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The Patriot Act, 2008.
An analysis of the provisions of the Patriot Act and its effect on civil liberties.
1,213 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that because the stipulations in the Patriot Act infringed upon civil liberties without a system of checks and balances, legislators were prompted to include a sunset clause that would automatically terminate some of the government's surveillance authority on or by a specific date. The paper explains how the Patriot Act amended a number of different statutes and briefly discusses the viewpoint of those in favor of and those against the Patriot Act.
From the Paper
"Many of the privacy issues driven by the "war against terror" can be directly linked to the Patriot Act. Title II of the Patriot Act, "Enhanced Surveillance Procedures," increased the government's authority to seize oral, wires, and electronic exchanges; to engage in pen register and trap and trace searches; to be granted access to certain business, library, and medical records; to use a single search warrant for nation-wide searches; to utilize subpoenas for electronic communications; to search records and not notify the owners; to limit the legal responsibility of persons who divulge private records to the government (a direct infringement of privacy laws); and to authorize information sharing between law enforcement and intelligence-gathering organizations (Baker, 2004)."
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Rousseau's Doctrine of Natural Rights, 2008.
This paper discusses Jean-Jacques Rousseau's doctrine of natural rights in comparison to liberal, political, social and economic theory.
2,328 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the great philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the foremost proponents of the theory of the social contract and of ideas concerning the basic nature of human society. The writer discusses that according to Rousseau, human beings were born neither good nor evil; rather it was an individual's self-interest that determined his or her actions, actions that might be deemed either positive or negative in the eyes of others. As individuals acted naturally in their own interest, larger societies would be plagued by the conflicts that grew out of the conflicting demands of individual women and men. Rousseau proposed to solve this problem by a variant of the social contract - an ostensible agreement between the various members of society. The writer discusses that the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau contrasted strongly with those of other thinkers, such as John Locke, Adam Smith and Immanuel Kant, all of whom viewed humanity in far-more individualized terms.
From the Paper
"Cohesion equals the application of force or compulsion. Since human beings are individuals they view any combination of individuals as merely a means to serve their own personal ends. Coercion must be used if these disparate individuals are to act for the benefit of other individuals, and for the group as a whole. What Rousseau discovered in the idea of the Social Contract was a means to preserving individual happiness within the context of the necessary group. In accepting the General Will, the individual woman or man accepts the benefits of mutual cooperation along with the restrictions that such cooperation must impose. One surrenders some privileges in exchange for the greater security provided by group action and cohesion. If people do not pool their resources in times of adversity a few may survive, or none may survive. But, if all work together, hopefully most will survive. The same goes in the event of an attack on a region."
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