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The Physics of Baseball, 2005.
This paper describes the physics involved in baseball.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
The baseball is a game that has become a science to many. From the phenomena of a curve ball to the excitement of a home run physical science plays a factor. This paper explains that in baseball there is more to the game than what the ordinary fan sees, however, many scientists have spent time studying this extraordinary game. This paper looks at the physics behind hitting and pitching.
From the Paper
"In order to be successful in the game of baseball, a baseball player has to apply the laws of physics. There is more to the game than what people see. "Baseball is like church, many attend but few understand" said Wes Westrum, who coached the San Francisco Giants in 1962. A position player has to position himself according to the wind, the speed of the pitch being thrown, the type of pitch being thrown, the placement of the pitch, and the speed of the batter's swing. While a pitcher takes into account the humidity and the way the wind is blowing to determine the best way to put the batter out. All players rely on their quick reflexes and hand eye coordination to play our nation's pastime. In this brief essay I will discuss how the laws of physics apply to the game of baseball."
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Solar Energy, 2004.
An analysis of the potential of solar energy and its use.
2,449 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
In order to better understand the issue of solar energy, this paper presents a definition of the terms and concepts relating to solar energy. The paper examines the technologies that are currently used to put solar energy to work. A short historical background on the development of solar technology in the past sixty years is presented. The paper explores the reasons why it is important to develop solar energy and discusses its future costs and benefits.
From the Paper
"Solar energy is radiation from the Sun that can produce heat, generate electricity, or cause chemical reactions. Solar energy is inexhaustible and nonpolluting, but it is not an efficient energy source, since the Earth's atmosphere absorbs or scatters over 50% of incoming solar radiation. Solar collectors collect the radiation and transfer it as heat to a carrier fluid. It can then be used for heating. Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity, by means of the photoelectric effect.
Very often, there is confusion about the various methods used to harness the sun's abundant and clean energy. Energy from the sun can be categorized in two ways: in the form of heat (or thermal energy), and in the form of light energy. Solar thermal technologies use the sun's heat energy to heat substances (such as water or air) for applications such as space heating, pool heating and water heating for homes and businesses. There is a variety of products on the market that utilize thermal energy. Often the products used for this application are called solar thermal collectors and can be mounted on the roof of a building or in some other sunny location. The sun's heat can also be used to produce electricity on a large utility-scale by converting the sun's heat energy into mechanical energy. "
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Wanted: Fossil Fuel?s Replacement, Nuclear Energy, 2005.
The pros and cons of nuclear energy.
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper thoroughly describes the advantages and disadvantages between using nuclear energy and fossil fuels. Overall, the paper provides a positive view of nuclear energy and concludes that its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
From the Paper
"The green, glowing substance illustrated on "The Simpsons", capable of destroying 155,200 people and giving frogs three legs, actually proves to be beneficial. A decrease in the conventional coal burning ways is more than important for conserving and consuming energy. The efficient, clean and safe solution for conservation appears to be nuclear energy. As the safest out of any major technological industry, nuclear technology's powers are nearly limitless. Of course, with no known method for storing radioactive waste, it is in constant, high debate because of the danger spent reactors pose. Leakage and moving tectonic plates in the main storage mountain, the Yucca, continue to be arguments for the opposing of nuclear energy. Still, in everyday use, the benefits of nuclear power outweigh the negative aspects and are a prime alternative to the rapid reduction of fossil fuels."
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Solar Energy and Solar Cells, 2003.
This paper is on solar energy, solar cells (panels) and the breakdown of what happens in the process.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a full explanation about the way in which solar energy is created. The paper looks at the process in details and then discusses what benefits solar energy may have in the future.
From the Paper
"Solar Energy comes from Solar cells which today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to wear out. It is no wonder that one marvels on how such a device would function. To understand how a solar cell works, it is necessary to go back to some basic atomic concepts. In the simplest model of the atom, electrons orbit a central nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons."
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Electrostatics, 2005.
An insight to the theory of electrostatics.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces some of fundamental concepts of electrostatics including: electric surface charge density, electric flux density, Coulomb's Law and the Gauss's Theorem.
Paper Outline:
Electric Charge
Electric Surface Charge Density
Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density
Fields and Potential
Electric Potential
Electric Field Strength
Coulomb's Law
The E Field for a Point of Change
Electric Potential in a Field Due to a Single Point Charge
Surface Charge Density and Curvature
Electric Field as the (Negative) Gradient of Potential
Gauss's Theorem
References
From the Paper
"In some substances, particularly metals, negatively charged particles (electrons) can move easily. Such substances are called electrical conductors. Other substances, in which electrons do not move freely, are called electrical insulators. There is another group of substances which are neither good conductors nor good insulators but which have become increasingly important in the last 50 years; these are called semiconductors."
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Sir Isaac Newton, 2005.
This paper discusses the life and works of one of the most instrumental contributors to mathematical and scientific theory in the last few centuries, Sir Isaac Newton.
2,535 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Sir Isaac Newton advanced a whole new system of mathematics, including systems of physics and calculus, which were revolutionary during his time and continued to be
observed long after his death. The author points out that one of Newton's most significant contributions is his basic laws of motion often call Newton's Laws. The paper relates Isaac Newton would never have described himself as a 'scientist' because the word was not coined until more than a century after his death; he was a reclusive Hebrew scholar and Classicist who wrote more about alchemy and theology than the natural world, and his posthumous reputation is riddled with contradictions.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Life of Mathematician
Significant Contributions
Comparison to Present System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Newton's laws of motion can generally be described through example and demonstration and represent a continuation of thought and inquiry into questions of physics. For example, many scientists before Newton could think of explanations for the continuation of movement of a given object due to force and velocity, but could not demonstrate it in a scientific way in the same way that Newton could with his laws of
motion. Using force and velocity, Newton made important mathematical relations that showed up in real world examples. For example, if someone was riding on a horse, they were going the same speed as the horse, then their velocity remained constant, but if something changed their velocity, it would differ from the velocity of the horse, and they
may change velocity in direction of proportionate force. Newton also contributed the commonly repeated maxim that each and every force (action) has an equal and opposite force (reaction). This is a very significant contribution because it represents a basic precept of modern physics."
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Time Travel, 2005.
This essay discusses the theory of time travel, using references ranging from the science-fiction to the reality of particle acceleration and modern research.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that going back in time to visit historical times in real life may sound like the work of an H.G. Wells novel, but physicists are getting surprisingly closer to actually being able to travel in time, as demonstrated by the theory of relativity, light speed, paradox theories, and the work of modern scientists as they search for the secrets to the 4th dimension. The author points out that Dr. Stephen Hawking's theory and the recent discovery of black holes show the potential for an area where the laws of relativity may not exist. The paper relates that Dr. Ronald Mallett at the University of Connecticut has developed an idea that present-day people can communicate with the past by sending electrical particles through a spiral series of laser beams to accelerate them to the speed of light.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What Is Time Travel?
The Fourth Dimension?
Time and Space
Theories Past and Present
What Is Matter?
Applicable Relativity Theory
We Cannot Get There from Here
Modern Research of Time Travel
Newton
Einstein
Stephen Hawking
Paradox Theories
Time Travel Mutual Fund
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Theory of Relativity states that fundamentally our ideas of space and time. We must accept that time if not completely separate from and independent of space, but is combined with it to form an object called space-time. Newton developed laws of motion that until Einstein were not contested. Einstein expanded this law in his special theory of relativity, which states that mass increases as speed approaches the speed of light. We must remember that the more mass we have the larger that mass will become as light speed is reached. The speed of light and time space is closely related. It has been said that light speed is the key to time travel. At this time the theory of relativity limits our ability to move mass at the speed of light, but as I will explain, there are current theories that will allow moving electrical energy in the form of data back in time."
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The Scientific Method, 2002.
An analysis of the evolution of the scientific method that resulted from Scholasticism and Humanism.
7,238 words (approx. 29.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 217.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the religious philosophies and teachings of Scholasticism and Humanism, followed by a discussion of the various permutations these have caused since their inception. It provides an analysis of how the scientific method emerged from this environment and a description of real-world applications of these principles in the classroom today. This is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion. Several graphics are also provided.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
The History of Discovery
A. Physics
B. Astronomy
C. Chemistry
The Rise of Scientific Experimentation and Famous Experiments
A. Galileo
B. Newton
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Religious Philosophies and Teachings. Scholasticism is the philosophic and theological movement that attempted to use natural human reason, in particular, the philosophy and science of Aristotle, to understand the supernatural content of Christian revelation. It was dominant in the medieval Christian schools and universities of Europe from about the middle of the 11th century to about the middle of the 15th century. The ultimate ideal of the movement was to integrate into an ordered system both the natural wisdom of Greece and Rome and the religious wisdom of Christianity."
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Lise Meitner, 2005.
The life and times of female physicist Lise Meitner, mother to the atomic bomb.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the life of Lise Meitner who was born in Vienna on November 7, 1878. It looks at how, in order to become one of Germany's leading physicists, she overcame huge obstacles as a woman and as a Jew, and how she was the first to identify nuclear fission. It discusses how, even though she was denied the Nobel Prize and due recognition during her lifetime, Lise Meitner is now considered one of the most significant woman scientists of the century.
From the Paper
"Lise Meitner was born in a liberal Viennese family. The Viennese system of education did not allow girls to enter high school. So from 1892 to 1901 she had to struggle a lot to get her education. The government opened high schools for girls in 1899. Lise's father hired a tutor to get her ready for university entrance when she was 21. In two years she completed 8 years' worth of schooling. Around 1905 she began studying radioactivity. She entered the University of Vienna in 1901 and received her doctorate in physics in 1907. She went to Germany to pursue further studies in physics; she stayed there for the next 31 years, adding a lot to German science."
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Remote Sensing, 2005.
An overview of Old World and New World remote sensing.
766 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how remote sensing can be broken down to New World and Old World. It looks at how New World involves aerial photography from artificial satellites and how Old World involves procedures like electromagnetic and resistivity surveying.
From the Paper
"The world emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. There are many sources of energy and the most important one is the sun. Satellites mostly portray the land with respect to the electromagnetic spectrum. There can be two types of sensing active and passive sensing. Active sensing involves the satellite to send waveforms that interact with certain parts of the land (including water) and give off different waveforms in the spectrum. The passive sensing involves just reading the waveforms from different sources (like the sun) and portraying them. One advantage of active sensing as opposed to passive is that measurements can be recorded anytime where in passive it has to be done when the naturally occurring energy is available."
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Johnstown Flood, 2005.
The paper explains the faults of the dam and the cause of the flood's damage on Johnstown. It also has some background on a relative in the flood.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Johnstown Flood of 1889 was due to poor construction of the dam. The writer states that there will never be another flood like this again due to laws passed in the state of Pennsylvania.
From the Paper
"The Johnstown Flood was caused due to the poor construction of the South Fork Dam. In 1839, the Pennsylvania commonwealth began building a dam. The dam was to be used in times of drought for the canal basin in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Fourteen years later the South Fork dam was completed. Diann Olsen stated that the dam took so long to build that the canal system became obsolete by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad bought the dam and the canal in 1857. The dam broke in the summer of 1862 while under the ownership of the Pennsylvania Railroad (Olsen, 3). The lake was only halfway full and it was a dry summer, so the dam did not cause much damage."
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Power Semiconductor Devices, 2004.
A comparison and analysis of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT), the metal oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, although power semiconductors were first developed in the late 1940s, they have matured significantly in sixty years and how in today?s society, they can be found everywhere. They are essentially the solid-state version of the mechanical relay or the vacuum tube. Some of most common applications include motor drives, uninterruptible power supplies, audio amplifiers, and fluorescent lighting. In particular, it looks at how, for the best device suited for the job, it has become a competition between the bipolar junction transistor (BJT), the metal oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). It shows how each has inherent advantages over the others and how the IGBT has seemed to dominate the industry in recent years.
From the Paper
"The MOSFET was introduced in the 1970s and, unlike the BJT, is a voltage controlled device. It also has three terminals, though they differ from the BJT: the source, the gate, and the drain. The source and drain diffusions are separated by the gate. The MOSFET has a p or n channel and can operate in depletion or enhancement mode. In enhancement, no current flows when the gate voltage is zero. In depletion mode, however, a narrow n channel is formed under the gate such that current will still flow when the gate voltage is zero."
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Holography and Data Storage, 2004.
An introduction to holography and the concept of holographic data storage.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper is an introductory essay on the physics behind holography and the growing number of applications, paying particular attention to the emerging field of data storage. It offers comparisons with more traditional methods, such as optical and magnetic data storage, and gives an historical context for the whole field.
From the Paper
"In today?s society most people are familiar with the concept of a hologram. They are a well known security feature and can be seen on bank notes, credit cards and video labels to name but a few. They hold a fascination for many people, perhaps largely because they seem so mysterious, and yet the closest many people get to understanding how they are made is to think of them as a trick of lights and mirrors."
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The Ring Method, 2003.
Examines surface tension measurements of pure water, ethanol solution, and 1.5N NaCl using a Pt-Ir ring on a Du Nuoy tensiometer.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper is a technical report on a laboratory experiment on surface tension measurements using the Du Nuoy ring. Samples are pure water, ethanol solution, and 1.5N NaCl. Calculations for the correction factor and other necessary values are included in the discussion.
From the Paper
"The Du Nuoy ring is the most commonly used apparatus for surface tension measurements. The group used pieces of paper to determine the weight needed to depress the lever arm to zero. For the experiment proper, the ring was thoroughly cleaned and flamed to red heat for a few seconds. The vernier was turned to zero reading and the lever arm made to just touch the zero indicator. The ring was made to contact the surface of the liquid and was carefully submerged until good contact is established. This was then slowly recovered from the liquid by careful downward movement of the platform and of the thumbscrew. It is important that the lever arm is kept at the zero indicator until the ring is detached from the liquid."
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The Capillary Method, 2003.
Examines surface tension measurements of pure water, NaCl solutions, and HOAc solutions using the capillary rise technique.
2,048 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper is a technical report on a laboratory experiment on surface tension measurements using the capillary rise method. Samples are deionized water and varying concentrations of NaCl and of HOAc. Calculations are included in the appendix.
From the Paper
"Increasing concentrations of HOAc solutions tend to lower surface tension of water, while NaCl solutions increase surface tension of water. The former results to a condition called positive surface concentration, where the solute tend to concentrate slightly in the neighborhood of the surface; the latter is due to negative surface concentration, where the solute molecules become less concentrated in the neighborhood of the surface."
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Silica Aerogel, 2001.
This paper gives an overview of aerogels, with a focus on those made from silica and their household uses.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at aerogel, a lightweight material that is a cross between gel and air, whose superb physical, mechanical,and optical properties make it useful for high-tech applications, such as insulating the Mars rover. In particular, it explores how future uses extend to household applications, such as clear, insulating windows and sunroofs. It discusses the physical, mechanical, and optical properties of silica aerogels, as well as their general method of preparation and their applications.
Outline
What are Aerogels?
What Makes Aerogel a Super Material?
How are Aerogels Prepared?
Applications of Aerogel
From the Paper
"A material that closely resembles aerogel, called xerogel, may be prepared at home or in the laboratory. The process will not require a high-pressure vessel as is in preparing aerogels. The simplest way to make a xerogel is to form a variety of gels and leave them out in the air to dry. Ordinary gelatin may be used for this purpose. Silica xerogels, however, may be prepared using sodium silicate gel-forming liquid. This is commonly used as a lubricant and is available at pharmacies. Xerogels are much denser than aerogels but provide some of the same high-temperature insulation."
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