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Liberals/Conservatives/Libertarians, 2007.
This paper discusses the different beliefs of liberals, conservatives and libertarians, arguing in favor of liberalism.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by providing a definition of the terms 'liberal', 'conservative' and 'libertarianism', using the definitions from Dr. Paul Johnson's "Glossary of Political Economy Terms" as a basis. The writer defines each of the terms and then explains why liberalism is superior. The writer maintains that the liberal philosophy lives by one word, balance. Further, the writer notes that there are balances in the fields of cooperation and competition on every level, between private and public institutions and primarily in the rights and needs of the individual compared to the demands of the entire society. The writer concludes that the dreams of the ordinary man are to be free to live and have enough so that the pursuit of happiness can become an actual reality.
Outline:
Why Liberalism is Superior
Alternative Stances
Values
Beliefs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Liberals tend to emphasize individual rights over governmental authority and to leave the economy alone, unless it needs help. More and more, the economy has been controlled by conservative elements and this has tended to squelch free trade and put too many regulations on imports, while allowing special interests avenues of squeezing more revenue out of the citizens by legalizing higher interest rates, putting tariffs on imports, freezing influx of cheap labor even while raising private profits by raising prices (such as for gas) and shipping manufacturing out of the country to where free labor resides."
"Where conservatives have traditionally believed in the superiority of the ruling class, today in the United States they have concentrated power and money into smaller numbers of people, corporations and bureaus, and the government is used to protect those interests."
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Hinduism and Buddhism, 2007.
A comparison and contrast between Hinduism and Buddhism.
2,233 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews discusses and compares Hinduism and Buddhism. The paper takes a look at whether they both stem from a similar philosophy and culture. The paper also discusses the impact both religions have had on Indian and Chinese culture.
From the Paper
"The two religions, Buddhism and Hinduism started in India where the belief and practices are almost the same although the interpretations are different. Many believed that the founder of Buddhism, Gautama, was a Hindu. He only left his crown and lived in reality to find out the true meaning of sufferings. There were people who deemed that Buddhism was taken from Hinduism but believers of Buddhism strongly denied the allegation that they stemmed from Hinduism. They claimed that their beliefs and practices were completely different from other religions although there might be some similarities but they insisted on their uniqueness and independence. Buddhism was accepted to be originated in India since it started its reputation in that country because there were oppressed groups that became unsatisfied with their beliefs and practices. The teachings of the Buddha created hope and aspiration for those who had otherwise no hope of salvation and freedom of choice in a society that was dominated by caste system, predominance of ritual form of worship and the exclusive status of the privileged classes which the Vedic religion upheld as inviolable and indisputable. Buddhism made a more lasting effect in China and even spread as far as Japan and Korea. Much of the social, cultural and philosophical beliefs of China sprung from the precepts of Buddhism. Even the great Chinese philosophers like Confucius, Mencius and Lao-Tze had adapted some of the precepts of Buddhism."
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Transcendentalism, 2007.
An examination of the philosophy of transcendentalism as it applies to gender differences, focusing on insights from Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Self-Reliance" and Margaret Fuller's "The Great Lawsuit."
1,616 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the philosophy of transcendentalism through the interpretations of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller. It draws from their interpretations and illustrates transcendentalism through Emerson's and Fuller's essays, "Self-Reliance" and "The Great Lawsuit," respectively. The paper then compares their views in terms of gender differences.
From the Paper
"Emerson also argued how modern society had put down human faculties and ability to learn through his/her feelings--aptly determined as perception. The perception/fact dichotomy has plagued human thinking for many years, and this development in the modern period has been a cause for concern, since, according to Emerson, perception need not be considered as a simple concept that do not have a significant role in influencing human thoughts and feelings. Perceptions, as explicated in the essay, are not "whimsical, but fatal. If I see a trait, my children will see it after me, and in course of time, all mankind--although it may chance that no one has seen it before me. For my perception of it is as much a fact as the sun." Thus, Emerson believed that humanity should not only give strong belief on facts, but most importantly, on human perceptions. It is only through human perceptions that higher forms of reality and knowledge can be achieved and become humanly possible."
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J.S. Mill and Karl Marx, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the political and economic theories of J. S. Mill and Karl Marx.
2,556 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the theories of Mill and Marx in terms of comparing Mill's utilitarianism and Marx's socialism. The paper compares two themes where they have similar ideas: the welfare of the individual as having greater value in the modern-capitalist society and the achievement of ethical freedom. The paper also looks at themes where they have differing ideas: individualism versus socialism and the right to property versus the equal distribution of property in society.
Outline:
Introduction
Theme 1
Theme 2
Theme 3
Theme 4
Conclusion
From the Paper
"John Stuart Mill was known for his development of the utilitarian movement, wherein capitalism is said to be the resulting effect of this phenomenon that occurred in the modern period. Under Utilitarianism, Mill promoted the idea of assuming individualism in pursuit of happiness, resulting to the concept of rationalism that gave birth to capitalism. Karl Marx, meanwhile, was synonymously identified wit the socialist movement in the midst of a rapidly-individualizing nature of human society under the capitalist economy. Under the socialist, specifically Communist, movement, Marx promoted the idea of achieving an ideal, egalitarian society through the dominant emergence of a proletariat class, occurring after a social revolution."
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Kafka's "The Trial"--A Review, 2007.
A review of Franz Kafka's famous work "The Trial."
3,830 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and reviews Franz Kafka's work "The Trial," describing it as a typically existential work. The paper explains the basic ideas behind existentialism and why "The Trial" contains the essential elements of this philosophy. The paper gives a basic plot summary and other literary devices Kafka used to engage the reader. The paper concludes by citing Kafka's possible intention of using this work to critique corrupt political regimes of his time.
From the Paper
"In this, K.'s existential anxiety increases progressively through the novel, as he continues to live under the extreme stress of waiting for something to come of his trial. This is signified by means of various elements, and most significantly in the suffocation that permeates all K.'s dealings with the law. K.'s source of meaning is his work and the way in which his life is ordered. In contrast to this, his existential angst is exacerbated by the Court and the way it harrassas him. "
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Critical Thinking, 2007.
An analysis of the process and advantages of critical thinking over regular thinking.
1,566 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the various definitions of critical thinking. The paper discusses the significance of encouraging and facilitating the process of critical thinking in students within a high school setting. It describes the process of critical thinking and discusses the advantages of critical thinking over regular thinking for all individuals.
From the Paper
"Studies have proved that cognitive skills lead to critical thinking. Research has shown increased forms of critical thinking among the students who have greater requirement for cognition and enhanced active learning. In the case of students whose cognitive capacities have been advanced by means of course exercises and assessment methods are able to promote the idea of critical thinking. The cognitive development, involving interpretation skills, analysis, assessment, as well as inference would tend to include the student's reading of a message as well as forming judgment regarding its effects. This is a function which is considered to be most typical with regard to the assessment of deduction in that of critical thinking. Further with regard to tapping of the student's capability in relation to deduction, the assessment of cognitive skills analyzes their understanding and acceptance of the varied fallacies, inclusive of those including slippery slopes, over-generalization, as well as wrong links. The assessment could also understand and tap knowledge of students with regard to socio-political values, which is important for finding about the incredibility relating to an argument. (Cheung; Kwan; Yue, 2002)"
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Plato's Concept of Forms, 2006.
This paper discusses the central arguments that Plato presents in his concept of Forms especially his view of ideal reality.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the true reality or the Forms are the ideals of unity and perfection, which surpass man's meager attempts at description and understanding. The author points out that Plato's theory divides reality into truth and illusion. The paper concludes that the theory of ideals is dangerous because it is open to abuse by those who suggest their own subject views of the ideal forms; however, this theory also can be viewed in terms of seeking higher and more positive ideals in life thus becoming acceptable as a theory of human knowledge and motivation.
From the Paper
"The central belief that Plato had was that there exist ideal Forms of reality and that these are contrasted to and superior to the world of ordinary reality. He referred to the everyday world as the world of particulars. One of the most accessible and enlightening ways in which Plato described this difference between the ideal and the real was through his allegory or metaphor of the cave, through which he explains this theory of knowledge and reality."
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'Howl', 2007.
A comparison between Allen Ginsberg's poem 'Howl', and various other pieces of American literature.
2,237 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the epic poem 'Howl' by Allen Ginsberg. The paper then compares it to various other pieces of American literature. According to the paper, 'Howl' is not only a personal statement of society, but also a classic poem full of illusions to mythology and psychology. The paper reports that the poem itself is dedicated to Ginsberg's good friend Carl Solomon, who is addressed by name throughout the poem's verses.
From the Paper
"Campbell's theories of the myth find their foundation in the works of Carl Jung, who studied the use of mythology in various cultural sects such as South American Indians. According to these sects, it is a fundamental belief that things do not have sharp boundaries as do things in rational, or modern day societies. (Jung, p. 45). This alone is in line with Ginsberg's use of the Moloch myth. The poet, as does a primitive society in Jung's studies, is able to express ideas without the boundaries of "rational" society. However, as Howel demonstrates, "rational" society makes this ability more and more difficult, essentially meaning that the culture of myth is being sacrificed to the evils of industrial society."
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'Waves, Streams, States, and Self', 2007.
A review of the article "Waves, Streams, States, and Self--A Summary of My Psychological Model: (Or, Outline of An Integral Psychology)" by Ken Wilber.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and analyzes Ken Wilber's article, "Waves, Streams, States, and Self--A Summary of My Psychological Model: (Or, Outline of An Integral Psychology)". According to the paper, Wilber attempts to offer what he believes to be a holistic approach to spirituality, integrating both neurological and more conventional spiritual models, in what he calls a synthesis of both mind and brain, East and West.
From the Paper
"Wilber also speaks of what he calls the "four higher or transpersonal states of consciousness, which I call psychic, subtle, causal, and nondual" (Wilber, 2000, p.2) He links these states to the mystical experiences of Christian saints like St. Teresa of Avila and also to Eastern mysticism: "The gross body/waking state supports the annamayakosha (the sheath made of food, or the physical mind), and the causal body/formless state supports the anandamayakosha (the sheath or consciousness structure made of bliss, or the transcendent mind)" (Wilber, 2000, p.2). Although this may be an attempt to show that he is well-read, this is just another way of stating that the physical body and what we call 'mind' (not merely brain) are connected, and that neurochemistry can produce a mystical state like Teresa's and even the transcendent mind is linked to states of the physical body and brain."
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Morality in Plato's "Republic", 2007.
A discussion of morality as presented in Plato's "Republic."
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the concept of morality as seen in Plato'o "Republic." The author examines morality drawing on arguments presented in the first chapter of Plato's work. Several other philosophers' outlooks are examined, which include Socrates, Polemarchus and Simonides. Their opinions on morality are compared and contrasted, with the central focus given to Socrates.
From the Paper
" Thus through this first chapter of the book, we come to understand that Socrates' idea of a moral person is based on his own original thinking and conclusion drawn from dialogue. He didn't believe in one exact definition of morality but believed in drawing some attributes of a moral person through discussion and dialogue. For this purpose, he found the loopholes in traditional view of morality and based his definition on long dialogue with those who believed in the former. He believed that morality was good and immorality bas because "immorality makes for mutual conflict, hatred, and antagonism, while moral behavior makes for concord and friendship" (p. 40). Thus Socrates maintained that morality could not be judged through truthfulness or return of borrowed items, it had to be based on character attributes of the person. He felt that a moral person was one whose action led to something good and beneficial while immoral person's action led to exactly the opposite. In other words, it is the actions that make a person. If an action leads to positive results from highest number of people, we can claim that it was a moral action and vice versa. Socrates' main argument was not in favor of his view of morality but rather it was in opposition of the prevailing view. "
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John Locke, 2007.
A discussion of John Locke's philosophy.
951 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines John Locke's philosophy and its impact on the Enlightenment. The author describes how some of Locke's outlooks were considered heresy. His essays and presentations did much to usher in an entirely new way of thinking, and this is why he has been called the father of Enlightenment. The paper includes many quotes by Locke and analyzes two of his treatises. The paper concludes with a biographical background of Locke and how his life may have influenced his philosophy.
From the Paper
" A look at Locke's early life shows why his thinking was so well rounded. He first was trained in an area of study that would have led him to become a 'man of the cloth' but instead of choosing that direction he turned to medicine as a field of study. Eventually he was granted the right to practice medicine, and did so, but also began to study in his quest to become a member of the Royal Society. Much of his training had to do with the manner of mankind's attempts to think from both a spiritual aspect and a physical aspect. His assertions included a mixture of many different areas, including; spiritual, medical, physical as well as external and internal influences on mankind's thinking process and the ideas and knowledge gained by those processes."
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Jean Jacques Rousseau, 2007.
This paper examines the social contract theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau.
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Jean Jacques Rousseau was essentially against any social order that curtailed personal freedom or natural liberty. The paper explains his beliefs of allowing the public to choose the person who would implement laws while the system would work on the principle of general will. The paper relates that Rousseau's social contract theory shaped modern political thought and is still commonly cited when democracy and rights are discussed.
From the Paper
"Political upheaval in the 19th century France was caused as much by political discourse as by active insurgence. Jean Jacques Rousseau's theory of social contract or rather his rejection of the same occupied an important place in the political discourse of the time. It was not starkly different than previously held beliefs but definitely encompassed some original concepts including the idea of general will and the elusive lawgiver. Rousseau's rejection of social contract was grounded in the premise that by contracting with a man or assembly of men, individuals are forced to part with some of their natural liberty. In other words while he knew that freedom was compromised to an extent with social contracts were entered into, he maintained that the relinquished freedom should be social freedom and not natural freedom."
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Teaching Virtue, 2007.
A discussion of several philosopher's teachings on virtue, including Socrates and Jesus.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
By consulting the works of Socrates and other philosophers, this paper examines whether virtue is something that can be taught. This question is examined, in particular, through a discussion between Socrates and Menon. The paper cites various quotes and paraphrases concepts to further illustrate the concept of virtue. The paper also examines beliefs of other experts who think virtue, and the ability to differentiate between good and evil, can be learned within the structure of a family or school environment. The paper then considers virtue from a Christian perspective, citing the example of Jesus.
From the Paper
"He continues by stating that virtue entails many qualities that enhance lives for good, and can also influence other individual's lives and of those whom we come in contact with. Learned virtue can encompass many thoughts and ideas, including those such as patience, humility, courage, justice, charity, etc. Many experts agree with Socrates that virtue is a quality of both inherited and environmental atmosphere. "
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Plato and Aristotle, 2007.
A comparison of the political views of Plato in "The Republic" and Aristotle in "Politics."
3,509 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Plato's "The Republic" with Aristotle's "Politics." It compares and contrasts their works in a political sense, in order to show how similar they are and yet how different in many ways. The paper looks at what Aristotle and Plato write about and how they address some of the things that humanity must deal with on a daily basis. It also compares the personalities of the two philosophers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Plato
Aristotle
Political Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The similarities and differences between Aristotle and Plato are easy to see once they are brought to light. No exactness can be found when trying to match up the two readings, however, but only hints of what might be related. Aristotle, while still being very much a philosopher, appears to be somewhat more literal-minded than Plato, at least in this respect and in these writings. For example, he talks of the causes for creating an object, and that object is always very literal, such as a statue. He makes no effort to explore the cosmos and what his information might mean to the creation of the universe. He concerned himself, instead, with small things, analyzing them until they made sense and he could grasp their meaning. There is certainly nothing wrong with this, but it is what caused many of the differences between his opinions and Plato's, it seems, because Plato looked at a very large picture. "
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Machiavelli's Virtue, 2007.
This paper studies "Machiavelli's Virtue", making use of the views of scholars.
1,518 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer discusses that when hearing the name "Machiavelli," many people automatically think of negative words such as "corrupt," "evil," and "valueless." The writer notes that the controversy about the truth of this continues. In fact, the writer maintains that many historians better recall Machiavelli for his political philosophy and diplomacy during the Renaissance. The writer points out that in the numerous essays contained in the book, "Machiavelli's Virtue", Harvey Mansfield confirms that he strongly recognizes Machiavelli as ranking along with Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, to achieve his goal of "modernity." The writer concludes that Machiavelli's beliefs as well as the book 'Machiavelli's Virtue' provide a great deal to consider when looking at the political situation today across the world.
From the Paper
"Mansfield's following of Strauss is well recognized, so it seemed helpful to first start reading the section about Strauss in the book first. This would provide a foundation on how Mansfield derived his basic direction of thought regarding Machiavelli. It is confusing that the chapters are not in chronological order and this information on Strauss does not come until the middle of the book in chapter nine. In fact, it is easier reading the chapters in a different order and using the index to follow up on certain themes that are used throughout the essays."
"Mansfield admits his strong following for Strauss throughout his essays in Machiavelli's Virtue."
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Disease, Death and Dying, 2007.
This paper examines the subject of disease and death.
2,048 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 93.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of disease and death. Specifically, the paper discusses the grieving process in patients and loved ones in addition to the stresses of dealing with dying patients in the clinical setting. The writer notes that even though death is inevitable, it is still one of the most feared and misunderstood aspects of our culture and society. The writer points out that grieving is a natural result of death, but it is also misunderstood and even frowned upon in some cultures. The writer maintains that there are many different aspects of the grieving process, and it is imperative that healthcare professionals understand the stresses, reactions and grief so they can care for and understand terminally ill patients and their families. Further, the writer notes that a healthcare professional that does not understand or empathize with patients and family cannot give the full measure of care needed in such situations.
From the Paper
"The right to die has become a major issue in the discussion of death and dying. Many patients no longer wish to remain alive if they are kept alive through exceptional measures, such as being hooked up to respirators or other machines. The Living Will is one way to ensure this does not happen, as the patient requests to be removed from life-support systems. The Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order is similar, in that it asks healthcare personnel not to resuscitate the victim in the case of illness or accident. Right to die advocates believe that they have the right to die with dignity, and the right to choose when and where they die. Euthanasia is the act of putting that right to die belief into effect. Euthanasia is often called suicide, or physician-assisted suicide, and it is the most controversial of these many ways of dealing with death. Many terminally ill patients believe they have the right to die when they choose, rather than be kept alive when there is no hope for cure or survival. They want to die with at least some of their dignity intact. Today, only Oregon has right-to-die legislation, and it has failed to pass in numerous other states. This practice will continue to be controversial in the future, and it seems to be something each patient must decide for themselves."
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