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Watson's Theory of Caring, 2009.
Describes Jean Watson and her important nursing theory, which she called the theory of caring.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Jean Watson is one of the first nurse theorists to address the idea of caring as the focus of a nursing theory. The author relates that Watson believes that caring science, which includes the arts and humanities as well as science, encompasses a humanitarian, human science orientation to human caring processes and experiences. Watson's theory, the paper interprets, treats the patient in a holistic manner utilizing a caring attitude, which releases positive energy that influences all spheres of the patient's well being.
From the Paper
"Teresa Vance notes that caring and nursing have always been viewed as synonymous, and that most individuals choose nursing as a profession because they have a desire to care for others. This fact has led to a number of caring theories, two of which are Leininger's theory of cultural care and Jean Watson's theory of human caring. Watson defines caring as a science and sees caring as a science that encompasses a humanitarian, human science orientation, human caring processes, phenomena, and experiences. The theory is viewed as much a philosophy as a theory of nursing."
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Philosophers on Education, 2009.
A discussion on how Plato, Aristotle and John Stuart Mill influenced the author's teaching philosophy.
731 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a summary of the educational contributions of the three philosophers; Plato, Aristotle and John Stuart Mill. The writer then describes the influence they each had on his educational philosophy.
From the Paper
"In Plato's Republic, the philosopher makes several statements about the importance of education and education method, especially in terms of philosophical education. In her important work on the subject--"Education in Plato's Republic"--Ariel Dillon suggests that Plato contributes two very separate accounts of education to the realm of educational philosophy. In the first account, Socrates, who dictates Plato's philosophies, discusses the importance of education for representatives of the military. They should be trained, according to Plato, to both exhibit ferocity with their enemies as well as a "gentle[ness]" with their "familiars" (Dillon 2004). Through this type of education, the military men will be trained as a type of noble, according to Plato. Similarly, Plato suggests that both music and gymnastics are necessary for educating the military men, music "for the soul" and gymnastics "for the body.""
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The Physics of Pushing a Pencil, 2009.
This paper looks at the physics aspect of pushing a pencil and at the energy involved in the act.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that many people write all day and never consider the physics behind the act of placing words on paper. However, there is a whole world of how and why these sticks of wood and lead leave various types of marks on a formerly clean white page. The writer discusses that the structure, force, friction and angle of each pencil constructs the reasons why it writes the way it does. The writer maintains that the main component of why the pencil leaves marks is the energy behind it and energy which comes directly from the writer using that pencil. People also have their ways of holding their pencils, changing the angles and creating different styles of friction between the pencil and the paper. This leads to the conclusion that the individual carries much more responsibility in the act of writing than one would think.
From the Paper
"The pencil represents the concept of a stationary mass until it is picked up and used by the writer. A normal pencil varies in length and diameter, but is mainly constructed using wood casings to hold a lead core which leaves marks on the paper being written on. Most lengths begin at around six inches, but can vary based on where and why the pencil was made. This length also shortens as the writer continuously sharpens the pencil and eats away at the wood casing in order to extract a sharper piece of lead core to write with. The diameter of the pencil varies, the general bulk of the wood casing is much larger and wider than the fine pencil tip. Most pencil's diameters are measured in millimeters and average to around 0.05 mm to 0.07 mm. However, the standard yellow pencil is 0.05mm."
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Secular Vs. Religious, 2009.
This paper examines why the West is mainly secular and the developing world mostly religious.
2,308 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer concentrates on certain specific and cardinal aspects in order to provide some understanding of the secularization of the Western developed counties as compared to the more religious outlook of many countries in the developing world. The view of secularization that is explored in this paper refers essentially to the materialistic cultural nexus that has developed in many Western countries and especially in industrialized developed countries. This is compared to the spiritual and religious orientation in less developed counties. The writer concludes that in general the secularization of the West in comparison to less developed counties is a fact that can be understood in terms of the advance of objective, rational thought and other concomitant factors in politics and history.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
What is Secular and Secularization?
A Brief Overview of Secularization in the West
The Reasons for the Decline of Religious Beliefs
Rationality and Science in the West
Western Thought and Philosophy
Social and Political Aspects
Conclusion
From the Paper
" While it is not possible to isolate any one single aspect as a central motivating factor in the movement towards a secular society in developed countries, yet the growth of rationality and the belief in objective science, especially in Western developed countries like the United Kingdom, had a profound effect on the attitude towards religion in the West. The Eastern and less developed countries of the world did not imbibe this strong trend towards rationality and scientific materialism to the same extent - which is a central reason for their greater tolerance of a religious and spiritual perspective on life.
"The growth of rationalist thinking is intimately connected with the increased faith in modern science and objectivity - which runs counter to subjective perception and faith in a God that cannot be seen or objectively encountered. Scientific thought was or lead to the questioning of the basic assumptions of religious reality."
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Prayer as Communication, 2009.
This paper looks at prayer as a type of communication and discusses its place in the religious life of a Christian.
2,965 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that, stripped down to its essential meaning, prayer is a form of communication. The writer points out that prayer does not refer to communication between people, but between human beings and God. Prayer has its own diction, its own language. The writer discusses how prayer is portrayed in the Bible and notes that it is presented as a simple and straightforward practice. The writer maintains that prayer is absolutely essential to the Christian lifestyle because it establishes and maintains a personal communication with God, helps revive faith, and because it ensures right living. The writer concludes that prayer is an act of love and an expression of faith that is both extremely personal and integral to the whole of the Christian world.
From the Paper
"Developing a personal communication with God is the cornerstone of the Christian faith. Although some Christians believe that communication with God is mainly possible through intermediaries including saints and clergy, many Christians believe that God wants individuals to pray on their own. Church attendance is not sufficient to inspire the Soul toward God, to affirm religious faith, or to put Christian living principles into practice. Church may introduce individuals to Christian ideals and ideas through Bible readings and sermons. However, Christians need to dwell permanently with the Spirit. A few hours per week at Church are not enough to establish communication with God and to put faith into practice."
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Mindfulness, 2009.
An analysis of how mindfulness can be used in cognitive therapy.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how mindfulness is a central Buddhist concept and practice, especially in the Theravadan school and how it can be used to monitor destructive thought habits, which lead to destructive behaviors. In particular, the paper looks at how cognitive scientists and therapists have naturally incorporated mindfulness into their research and practice and how one of the goals of weaving mindfulness into cognitive therapy is to help the client become more aware of what is known as the inner critic.
From the Paper
"The goal of mindfulness is not so much to destroy the inner critic as it is to make it vanish on its own accord. By simply accepting its illusory nature, the individual can learn how to act in spite of the inner critic. Observing the inner critic is the goal of mindfulness. Using mindfulness, a person can learn to discern the voice of the inner critic and distinguish that voice from reality. Once the individual can see how the inner critic works, when it is most vocal, and how to ignore it, self-destructive behaviors are likely to change naturally and without the use of pharmaceutical interventions or lengthy therapy sessions. Mindfulness is a personal practice and requires a great degree of self-discipline, which is why the technique is not suitable for all clients. Only those who are willing to meditate and to assume responsibility for their own role in their problems would benefit from the practice. "
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The Evolution of Plato's Ideas, 2009.
A discussion on the evolution of Plato's ideas on metaphysics and epistemology.
1,087 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper strives to understand the relationship between Plato's ideas by studying the evolution of his ideas on metaphysics and epistemology, and how they relate to other ideas in his philosophical vein. The paper specifically analyzes the middle period of Plato's works which are focused on the development of the definition of forms. The paper then discusses the application of Plato's philosophical concepts and how they evolved in his later works.
From the Paper
"The Phaedo is a recounting of Socrates' last hours. His teacher dying, Plato first brings his ideas of Forms. We know that Socrates was the first to look for the universal in ethical matters. We also know that Plato did not separate ethics from epistemology and instead regarded the universal in elements known as Forms. Plato used a combination of the theories of Socrates and Heraclitus, separating the universal from ethical matters, stating that the order of sensibility was always in flux. These separated universals are Plato's Forms. The universal is a technical application (if there can be one) in metaphysical thought. Different things have features in common - the shared features are therefore universal, or to Plato, a Form."
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Taoism, 2009.
An overview of the philosophical principles of Taoism.
701 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a brief background and history of Taoist philosophy and outlines the Taoist concept of yin-yang that emphasizes the respect for the harmony and balance evident in the natural world. The paper also discusses the concept of wu wei that refers to the notion that interacting "naturally" in the world is a key to internal psychological peace and external harmony within society. In addition, the paper explains the foundational moral rule of Taoism as well as looks at the Taoist belief on the appropriate neighborly perspective, on the correct intellectual perspective and, finally, on the concept of change.
Outline:
Background and History of Taoist Philosophy
Taoism, Nature, and Yin-Yang
The Natural Law of Wu Wei
The Moral Golden Rule of Taoism
Empathy and Social Concern
Intellectual Perspective
The Concept of Change
From the Paper
"Taoism (or Daoism) is not a specific religion, but rather, it refers to a large class of religious philosophies dating back to the third or fourth century, BC. The most remote origins of Taoism go back even further, perhaps one or two thousand years, to the shamans and cults associated with ancient China before recorded history (Bowker 1997).
"Unlike many Western religious traditions, Taoism emphasizes principles and fundamental teachings that are equally applicable to secular life as to a specific religious orientation. In many respects, Taoist teachings are conducive to personal growth and development that completely transcend any formal religious beliefs or cultural perspective."
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"The Truman Show", 2009.
This paper looks at the film "The Truman Show" directed by Peter Weir and focuses on the issue of reality.
1,456 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 0 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the film "The Truman Show" directed by Peter Weir. Specifically, the writer discusses how the film raises the issue of appearances differing from reality, and how that affects the skeptic and the true believer in all of us. The writer maintains that Truman Burbank is a true innocent in this film, trusting those around him and his own perceptions to be the truth. However, they are not. The writer notes that Truman is actually the victim of an elaborate hoax, and has been his entire life. The writer discusses that the film makes the viewer think about reality, and how one perceives reality, and it raises questions about beliefs, skepticism and trust.
From the Paper
"Reality is at the core of this film, and it illustrates that what is entirely real for one person can be another person's fantasy. The film makes the viewer question how they see reality, but also, the core theme is what is reality, really? Truman's life is entirely real to him, and until he begins to question his surroundings and some of the things that are happening, he is totally happy and secure in that reality. Underlying this theme is the question, what would we do if we were in the same situation as Truman? Would we be able to deal with it as effectively as he does? In essence, when he realizes that something is not right in his perfect world, his response is not really to flee, but to discover, and there is a big difference between the two. He wants to find out the truth, but also find out what lies beyond the massive soundstage that has been his home for his entire life. The audience has to feel that if the same thing happened to them, would they react in the same way"
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God and Evolution, 2009.
This paper reviews the book "Responses to 101 Questions on God and Evolution' by John F. Haught.
2,083 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Haught's book "Responses to 101 Questions on God and Evolution" discusses many of the pressing questions that Christians - and especially Catholics - have today. The writer points out that the information contained in this book is actually not new for those of the Christian faith, but it is the basic information that should not be forgotten. The writer discusses that this book serves as a reminder to Christians who might possibly forget some of the basics of their faith when the pressures of the world become a bit excessive and who might have a lot of questions about how their faith fits in with the scientific ideas that are being addressed in today's world. The writer maintains that the book is also helpful to Christians who want to read more about something than what Haught provides. The writer concludes that even though Haught works to answer the most important questions that he feels that Christians ask today, he is aware of the fact that he cannot provide total and complete answers in a book.
From the Paper
"There was nothing in life that the Roman Catholic Church did not have a reason for, and the church made a great deal of money off of its followers by selling indulgences to those who were trying to either or spend less time in Purgatory or help loved ones who had already passed away spend less time there.
"It is the goal and desire of most Christians that they find those who are not Christians and bring them into the faith. Christians are not taught to rise up against nonbelievers or treat them cruelly. Rather, most Christians have great pity and compassion for those that they believe are not saved. There is some difference between Catholics and Protestants in this way, as for quite some time Catholics believed that they were the only true Christians, and therefore the only ones who were truly saved and would go to heaven. They believed that Protestants do not follow the one true church, that being the Roman Catholic Church, and therefore are not any more saved then a heathen tribe in Africa."
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Religious Traditions, 2009.
This paper discusses religious traditions within Hinduism.
974 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Hinduism grew up around a collection of different traditions and stories, and as such has many sacred elements. The writer discusses five elements that are the most fundamental and characterize the Hindu tradition, those of dharma, samsara, karma, moksha and yogas. The writer maintains that these five influence every aspect of Hindu life, as they represent the Hindu's understanding of the nature of the universe, the nature of life, the goals that a soul must have, and the pathways to achieve these goals. The writer concludes that the five sacred elements of dharma, samsara, karma, moksha and yogas combine to outline the Hindu understanding of the nature of the world, the goal of Hinduism and the path taken to reach that goal. Most of Hinduism's daily rituals, activities and traditions derive from these sacred beliefs.
From the Paper
"This is a key difference between Hindu tradition and many other religions in that because of dharmic law, Hindus believe that the keys to eternal bliss are here on Earth. The concept of dharma has a counterpoint in adharma, which includes intoxication, pride and contact.
"Samsara is the cycle of life, death and rebirth. This cycle is at the foundation of Hindu belief about the nature of the universe, and much of the faith is derived from this sacred element. The cycle of life, death and rebirth is endless, and driven by karma. The ultimate objective for a Hindu is to exit this cycle. To be trapped in this cycle is therefore undesirable, as it means that one does not understand one's true self. That lack of understanding traps one in the phenomenal world, in the cycle of samsara."
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Culture and Class, 2009.
An exploration of the cultural hierarchy of Western culture.
1,412 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper explains Marx's belief that it is the dominant class which formulates the ideology of any particular society. The paper goes on to explain how the dominant groups effectively negotiate with the lower classes in order to keep them from rebelling and how this system of hegemonic control is firmly established through the various facets of the culture industry. The paper also relates that the mass media is one of the most pervasive elements of this hegemonic system aimed at keeping a grip on the general consensus of a society.
From the Paper
""We make, and are made by culture," (Storey, 61); the culture of any society represents the prevailing attitudes and values of that world. However, these values do not always represent the interests of the working and lower classes of that society. The ideas of Culture represent the interests of the dominant upper classes which own the means of production. Yet, they are forever engrained within a society compiled mainly of proletariat working class members through the Culture Industry which represents the hegemony use to bridge the gap between the upper and lower classes in order to avoid complete revolution and destruction."
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Ethics According to Mill, Kant and Aristotle, 2009.
An examination of ethical behavior according to the views of Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mills and Aristotle.
2,051 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of ethical behavior and morality. It considers and compares the ideas of philosophers such as Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill and Aristotle. In light of some of the ideas expressed by authors, D'Arcy McNickle and George Eliot, the paper also shows that ethical morality is a concept which is vulnerable to a high degree of ideological disagreement.
From the Paper
"The resolving view espoused here is that the ethical attention to one's duty is the fulfillment of that which is 'right,' forces one to acknowledge that there are a full range of possibilities in the concession to moral impropriety. It is to this end that thinkers such as Kant find a potential danger in moral pragmatism. He points out that the pursuit of the greatest possible degree and pervasion of happiness is an approach which could be susceptible to deviations in standards. Indeed, Mill and Aristotle alike seem to endorse the fact that this is inevitable. However, to judge this negatively is to conflate the outcomes expressed by McNickle and Eliot which respectively portray the dangers of extreme ethical uniformity and a cessation from all ethical consideration in defining human happiness. Balance and pragmatism, it should seem, must be naturally tempered by a clear sense of the rational relationship between happiness and ethically 'good' behavior."
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Ethics in Business, 2009.
This paper highlights the need for personal values in addition to the defined ethical value systems.
777 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the ethical value systems of virtue ethics, utilitarianism and the concept of equity. The paper then relates the writer's personal ethical perspective that the ultimate ethical virtue may be the willingness to depart from the strict application of any particular ethical philosophy for the overall purpose of achieving the most beneficial result for every particular circumstance.
Outline:
Introduction
A Survey of Ethical Value Systems
Personal Ethical Perspective for Responding to Ethical Dilemmas in the Workplace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ethics is a set of principles or values that helps us define what courses of action in life are good and distinguishes them from courses of action that are bad. In the workplace environment, certain ethical issues arise that are defined by the rule of law (Daft 2005), but others may require us to apply personal values and ethical standards to determine the right course of action. Different systems of ethical analysis yield distinctly different results because they emphasize different criteria and underlying assumptions of the relative importance of the individual elements comprising ethical issues."
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Life Support, 2009.
This paper discusses the uses and benefits of life support and looks at the related ethical concerns.
928 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that life support is the methodology in which modern technology implements machines in order to sustain life in critical situations. The writer notes that modern technology has offered more and more advanced tools of life support. The writer points out however, that there are several key issues which prove that life support is not always one-hundred percent beneficial, and these have raised some serious ethical questions. The writer discusses that the various ethical concerns over life support sometimes fail to compete with the medical benefits of the technical advances which allow doctors to sustain life in order to find a way to restore that life to its former vigor. The writer maintains that despite it proving inefficient for some areas of the population, life support does prove beneficial in the resuscitation of many individuals.
From the Paper
"Yet, there have been recent efforts to pre-discuss such threatening situations in the case of patients who have recently been diagnosed with a terminal illness. Recent studies have shown that the nature of the illness and or trauma can lead great insight into the benefits or cons of life support within individual cases. If an individual patient has more than one medical issue which would prove threatening to sustaining life in the event life support is needed, data shows that chances of recovery are lower than individuals who are only suffering from one medical condition or trauma. Therefore the nature and number of medical conditions should prove influential in each individual's decision to choose life support or not in the event that he or she would need it."
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George Lucas' "Star Wars" Trilogy, 2009.
Analyzes the failures of protagonist Anakin Skywalker in George Lucas' "Star Wars" film trilogy.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the part of the story from George Lucas' "Star Wars" film trilogy about protagonist Anakin Skywalker becoming a Jedi Knight. The author explains that, within the films, there are elements of both classical and eastern philosophical beliefs. "The Force", which is the underlying force governing all things both good and bad, the paper states, resembles the eastern tradition of the Tao. The failure to remain loyal to his initial cause is based on classical Socratic philosophy; whereas, Anakin's transgression into Darth Vadar shows his failure in terms of ancient Hindu principles as well.
From the Paper
"Although not explicitly good and evil, these two forces are opposite in their origins. This shows that the world cannot exist without the concept of evil, or a darker force, which actually balances out the more beneficial force. This was the same for the concept of "The Force" within the "Star Wars" series. However, Anakin broke the tradition of Tao when he crossed over to the Dark Side. He was part of the force, which kept balance in the Universe. When he decided to leave his position of balance and move over into the Dark Side, he actually threatened the delicate balance of the concept of the Ying and the Yang."
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