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Postoperative Pain Management, 2004.
An analysis of the benefit of using music during postoperative pain management.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to further the research already compiled regarding the beneficial effects of music on the healing and pain management in the postoperative patient. The paper examines specific data which helps present a guideline to health care workers for determining what types of music will be most beneficial to the individual patient. The paper discusses the need for a follow-up investigation that will help to reveal the long term benefits of a patient treated with music therapy as part of the postoperative regimen.
From the Paper
"The management of pain in postoperative patients is a challenging and vital problem to be addressed by all members of the health care field. According to Heiser et al in the 1997 AORN Journal article "The Use of Music During the Immediate Postoperative Recovery Period," there are a great many reasons why acute pain in patients is detrimental. "Poor management of this pain can contribute to patient dissatisfaction, delayed healing, and prolonged hospitalization." (Heiser et al) Additionally, other articles such as the study by Ikonomidou et al, "Effect of Music on Vital Signs and Postoperative Pain," further reveals that "Postoperative pain and nausea may prolong recovery, and the experience of psychological tension may affect the cardiovascular and immune systems." (Ikonomidou et al) In cases such as these, the overall health of the patient is negatively affected, and it is understood by some practitioners and theorists that preventable pain continuing to occur in any patient is a direct betrayal of the commitment taken to serve human health."
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The Beatles, 2005.
This paper discusses the Beatles' unique influence on the composition, playing and recording of music.
1,245 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Beatles affected every aspect of society worldwide and changed the entire music industry in the recording studio, in songwriting habits and standards, in the use of instruments and sound effects and in their manner and their dress. The author points out that, nearly fifty years later, the sound of the Beatles is still not only a desirable sound but also is purchased over and over again by generation after generation attesting to the timeless appeal of this revolutionary group of the sixties. The paper relates that, compared to the other musical artists of the day, the sound of the Beatles was a sound, which contained more depth, more dimensions and created a whole new standard in music, shredding the norms and shaking up the entire industry worldwide.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
"Talkin Bout a Revolution"
Changes in the Music Industry Norms
Songwriting is for Performers, Too
Setting Records, Selling Records and Shattering the Musical Mold
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is astoundingly and incredibly amazing in comprehension that a group of young men from England singing a few tunes in nondescript attire of suits and ties would change the entire music industry in the timeframe of just a few years and still be affecting the music world and industry nearing fifty years later. The stamina and popularity of the Beatles as well as their music has not faded even today and all predictions are that their music and legacy will live on for quite some time to come."
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Sony Corporation, 2005.
An in-depth examination of the marketing and management strategy of Sony Corporation in the current market.
3,859 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 131.95
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Abstract
The recorded music industry is in a state of flux. Thanks to technology, new opportunities have been made available, however, new challenges have emerged as well. The most significant concern is piracy, especially with peer-to-peer file sharing over the Internet. Sony Corporation's business unit, Sony BMG, is a new merger of Sony Music Entertainment and Bertelsmann AG. This paper discusses how the merger occurred as an effort to take advantage of economies of scale and ward off against declining sales and profitability the industry is faced with. The mega music organization is positioned at #2 in the industry. The writer examines how, by applying a strategy of utilizing the Internet as a channel of distribution and as a marketing tool, Sony BMG can ward against the piracy that is plaguing the industry. It points out that by offering inexpensive music downloads, it provides a win-win solution for both Sony BMG and their customers. Customers will get quality music, increased flexibility, and increased convenience from the service, while Sony BMG will see increased revenues and increased profitability due to reduced costs of distribution.
Executive Summary
Overview of Sony
Sony's Current Strategy
Financial Overview
Mission Statement
External Analysis
Industry Overview
Porter's Five Forces
Threats
Opportunities
Internal Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Value Chain Analysis
Sony BMG Management
Strategies for Sony BMG
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
References
From the Paper
"In 1955, the company manufactured their first transistor radios, and shortly thereafter they developed their first trademarked product, a pocket-sized radio. In 1958, the company changed its name to Sony, derived from the Latin word 'sonus' for 'sound' and 'sonny' for 'little man'. The company continued to flourish, bringing transistor TVs first to market in 1959, and solid state videotape recorders in 1961. For twenty years, Sony's history was punctuated by both successes and failures, such as the Beta video recorder and their Sony Walkman ("History")."
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Hip Hop Culture and Identity, 2005.
A thorough examination of the hip hop culture and its impact on a person's identity.
34,125 words (approx. 136.5 pages), 150 sources, MLA, AU$ 311.95
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Abstract
This research explores the hip hop culture and its identity. An overview of the current literature is given that reflects the theoretical position of Black culture in the United States. In addition a definition of hip hop and rap is provided, including a discussion of its origins and the current state this art form is in. The influence of the ghetto and hip hop culture is explored at length, as well as the lyrical content of the music. Commercialization of this unique music form is discussed, in addition to hip hop culture's tendency toward visualization as opposed to aural. Finally, hip hop as a global force is reviewed. In the end, it becomes clear that hip hop music is a significant influence on global culture, for Black and non-Black community members and this influence has been facilitated by technology and the drive of capitalism.
Introduction
The History of Hip Hop
Overview of Current Literature Regarding Hip Hop
Defining Hip Hop Culture
The Four Pillars of Hip Hop and Others
The Ghetto, Hip Hop Culture and the Divergent Styles of West Coast and East Coast
East Coast versus West Coast Conflict
Geographical Diversity of Hip Hop Today
Hip Hop and the Jail Culture
Graffiti as a Subversive and Sublime Cultural Arm of Hip Hop
African Americans and Spatial Mobility
The Ghetto Environment and its Effects on the Lyrical Content of Hip Hop
Examination of Lyrical Content in Gangsta Rap Songs
Discussion of Virulent and Caustic Language Within the Sub-Genre of Gangsta Rap
The Double Standard in the World of Gangsters as Demonstrated by Hip Hop
Hip Hop Culture and Misogyny
Hip Hop Culture and the Poetry of the Dispossessed
The Controversy About Selling Out and Hip Hop Culture
Representing the Ghetto
Hip Hop Culture and Sports Marketing
Hip Hop Sales Statistics and the Thug Image for Sales Controversy
Hip Hop as a Force in American Pop Culture and the Displacement of Other Genres of Music
Tastes and Decadence in Hip Hop Culture
The Hip Hop Culture and Political Influence
Hip Hop as a Global Force
References
From the Paper
"Although one may be led to believe that hip hop music is a recent evolution, it relates back to the griots of West Africa, from more than two hundred years ago. The griots were, and in some rural areas still are, storytellers, poets and traveling singers who played an important role in ancient African societies. They used poetry and rhythm to teach the people about their history, as written language was rarely used ("Griot").
One could even argue that hip hop music began even earlier than griots, stemming from the ancient societies of Egypt, as a rich, Black tradition of admiration for rhetoric in both written and spoken form. It is part of the Black rhetorical continuum, as it borrows from and expands a tradition of creative use of language styles and strategies. It was created as rhetoric of resistance primarily to racial discrimination and oppression (Kopano). "
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History of the Violin, 2005.
A look at the history of the violin.
2,104 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
The violin is both a work of art and a musical instrument. Its complex and often disputed history is explored in this paper. The paper begins by introducing the instrument and then discusses a brief history of its development. The violin's construction is examined as well as its sound, tone and acoustics.
Introduction
History of the Violin
Violin Construction
Sound, Tone and Acoustics
Conclusions/Analysis
From the Paper
"The violin is one of the most remarkable and at the same time complex of string instruments. One cannot argue that the violin of today is both a work of art and a musical instrument that must be appreciated for its complexity and brilliance. The quality of sound and tonal differentiations produced when playing depend on many factors, including the construction of the actual instrument itself and the skill of the player.
The history of the violin is long and highly debated. There are those that claim the violin has been in existence since early biblical times, whereas others argue that the true violin as we know it today did not emerge until the mid 17th to eighteenth centuries. These differences in opinion are due largely to one's interpretation of the violin."
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Blacks in Blues Music, 2005.
This paper discusses the blues, a form of music which originated among African-American.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as an aural music, the blues has few absolute features, intending to take on its shape and style during the performance, reflecting the personal response of its inventor to a specific occurrence or situation. The author points out that, like other black folksong, blues' lyrics are rich in imagery; the blues is distinctive for its three-line stanza, an apparent throwback to its African origins because the three-line stanza is uncommon in American and European folksong repertories. The paper relates that blues lyrics were filled with provocative and sexually pervasive imagery, openly addressing both male and female sexuality; the music was performed solo marking the advent of popular culture performances.
From the Paper
"Although Handy was the first man to write a blues composition and the first to popularize the blues, two blues pieces actually appeared in print prior to his "Memphis Blues". The "Baby Seals Blues," written by the rag-pianist Artie Matthews, was published in August, 1912, and the "Dallas Blues' written by the white songwriter Hart A. Wand, was published the following month. Handy's blues piece came out three week later, followed by his "Jogo Blues" in 1913, "St. Louis Blues" in 1914, and "Joe Turner Blues" in 1915. In 1915, Matthew wrote another popular blues, "Weary Blues," and that same year, Ferdinand Joseph Morton published his "Original Jelly Roll Blues"."
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Globalization and Culture, 2004.
An analysis of the hip-hop culture, its origins and the effect globalization has on it.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the hip-hop culture that originated in the United States in response to the oppression of African-Americans. This paper explains that this art form is therefore deeply integrated with the social consciousness from which it arose. The paper examines how other cultures adopted this art form and then illustrates the subsequent implications.
From the Paper
"On the surface, there are four physical aspects that can be attributed to hip-hop as a culture. These include deejaying, breakdancing, graffiti and rhyming. These, according to, Richardson, are not the heart of the culture. Instead, the central message is the platform from which the technical, teachable aspects arise. The message relates directly to the struggle, the poverty, the oppression and the hardship suffered by the African Americans who were refused the rights of other Americans as a result of their skin color. This is a very specific group of people who created a specific culture. The technical aspects merely exist as an outlet for a specific kind of creativity."
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"The Bee Gees", 2005.
A brief look at the pop group "The Bee Gees".
743 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the British and Australian band that was originally a pop singer-songwriter combinations and then reborn as funk and disco. It looks at the rise to fame of the brothers Gibb and how they have found their way into every corner of popular music around the world.
From the Paper
"Their first British LP, 'Bee Gees 1st' was critically acclaimed and considered innovation for its time (Bee pp). In 1968, two major hits, 'World' and 'I Gotta Get a Message to You' are still regarded as many critics as the band's golden years (Bee pp). Robin left the band in 1969 but returned in 1970 for the release of 'Lonely Days' and 'How Can You Mend a Broken Heart' (Bee pp). With no successful album, however, the group hit rock bottom and were generally believed to be finished (Bee pp). The band finally found the new sound they had been developing with their following album, 'Main Course,' which included 'Jive Talkin,' followed by 'You Should Be Dancing' and 'Love So Right' (Bee pp)."
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Jelly Roll Morton, 2005.
A look at the life and achievements of Jazz father Jelly Roll Morton.
1,158 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
Jelly Roll Morton was born Ferdinand Joseph La Menthe in 1890 and later became a pioneer of modern American jazz. This paper examines how Morton was not only a jazz legend, but he helped shape all of American popular music during his life and after his death. The paper begins with a look at his early life and how he evolved his career and music into the popular form of jazz known today.
Outline
Early Life
Hitting his Stride
The Music
References
From the Paper
"While Jelly Roll Morton may not have "created" jazz, as he claimed many times, he certainly made an indelible mark on the genre and helped take jazz to new heights. Influenced by his early life in New Orleans and later by music he heard during his extensive travels, Morton combined well-designed composition with improvisation. Morton was considered by many to be the first true jazz composer, and he incorporated traditionally black, Latino and white musical styles into his own. By no means a man without ego, Morton was the consummate performer and soloist, but he still allowed ample opportunity for his fellow musicians to shine. Although his time was relatively short, Morton had and continues to have a strong influence over American music."
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The Geography of Music, 2005.
Examines the cultural geography of two styles of music.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper selects two musical styles and explores their cultural geography, while considering the extent to which they demonstrate diffusion, place creation/environment and resistance/expression. The styles discussed are American Rhythm-Blues of the 1950s (i.e. McKinley Morganfield "Muddy Waters" and Chester Burnett "The Wolf") and British Rocking-Blues of the 1960/70s (i.e. Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones). The geography of music is a fairly new phase of geography and music study, it has only been fully developed in the last 30 to 40 years. Much study has been done into cultural geography's effect of global music and this paper concentrates on American music, which relies heavily on place creation, diffusion, environment and expression to create memorable music that remains viable and fresh for decades.
From the Paper
"Developed from jazz, blues, and countless other forces, the first rock and roll songs are attributed to bands like Bill Haley and the Comets and Elvis Presley. Historian Barlow continues, "Hence, blues diffusions can be traced to African-American rhythm and blues, soul, and even rap musical styles. Moreover, they can be traced to the flowering of rock and roll, and then rock music, among white youth" (Barlow 61). As rock and roll music grew in popularity, it was simply natural that different cultures would develop their own forms of the music, and this is true with rock, which led to offshoots around the world, including British rockin' blues by bands such as Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones. Rock too is a form of social protest, and so, it defines a time and a place in culture and society, just as the blues defined an earlier era, and then helped create other defining musical styles."
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Musical Theater, 2005.
Examines the history of musical theater in the United States.
1,371 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
Musical theater is almost as old as America itself. From the 1700s to the present day, the stages across the United States have come alive with the voices and instruments of dramatic, romantic and comedic musicals that have delighted audiences of all ages. This paper shows that the United States is known for its mixture of cultures, beliefs and traditions and where freedom of expression is not only allowed but encouraged. American musical theater is a prime example of this ethnic and cultural eclectic creativity and presentation. The paper traces the history of musical theater in the United States from the 1700s to the present day.
From the Paper
"Rodgers and Hammerstein started their run of hits with "Oklahoma." The seemingly impossible mixture of murder, suspense and music worked because the characters were characterized in depth. The creative team took other risks as well: Instead of opening with the usual stirring ensemble number, the curtain rose on a farm woman churning butter as a cowboy enters singing a solo about the beauty of the morning. Further, Hammerstein wrote lyrics for all the songs in a conversational style, each fitting specific characters and storytelling needs. In addition, since the characters would be dealing with emotions that might sound awkward if verbalized by cowboys and farm girls, Rodgers and Hammerstein decided to use dance as an integral element."
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Choral Music Education, 2005.
This paper discusses the psychological principles and methods for teaching choral music to senior high school students.
15,235 words (approx. 60.9 pages), 35 sources, MLA, AU$ 311.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the music teacher is one of the few people in the teaching profession who is able to teach artistic expression and creativity to a whole group of students; the method in which the teacher prepares him or herself for this task makes him or her better at his or her job. The author points out that a common practice among the young singers is an attempt to 'create' clear and brilliant tone by pushing the voice rather instead than resorting to better breathing management to create the vocal sound by regulating the air flow. The paper relates that, with proper discipline and proper rehearsals, students of choral music can give choral music performances in an appreciable manner; the teacher also benefits from the independent and creative thinking of his or her students.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Adolescent Development and Vocal Production
Physiological, Mental and Emotional Processes
Stages of Female Voice Change
Stages of Male Voice Change
Knowledge of Adolescent Vocal Quality (9-12 Grades)
Adolescent and Choral Learning Environment
The Interaction of Choral Teacher with Students
Voice Classification in Senior High School
Integration of "Educational Standards" in the Choral Curriculum
Principles of Choral Pedagogy
Discipline and "Good Choral Habits"
Choral Techniques and Strategies
Rehearsal Procedures
Repertoire
Rehearsal and Concert Performance
Conclusion
The Role of Positive Choral Experience in Senior High School
From the Paper
"Most of the children can be taught of singing since it is considered to be a psychomotor skill. However, the children with physical impairments like thickened vocal cords are considered to be exceptions to this. The emotional portion of the teaching caters to the learning of intrinsic hearing that enables the children to hear 'on the inside' and acknowledge and tag that they hear. The motor part of the learning is associated with good pose, breathing and phonetic integration. The recent National Assessment of Educational Progress reveals that most of the children are not desirous of learning even singing a simple melody with exactness. The oral abuses in many children are noticed by the otolaryngologists, more particularly among the boys in their attempt to pushing down their voices with a view to sounding like man. Attempting to speak on cords gives rise to vocal abuse producing vocal nodules and an unhealthy voice. The boys and girls are required to be warned of the noisy and excessive screaming and resulting damage for the vocal cords. The music teachers are to be viewed as the oral teachers for singing as well as speaking."
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High School Choral Choirs, 2005.
A look at a methodological and psychological approach to teaching adolescents singing in a choir.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
There are known problems that are inherent in the management of a high school choral department. Most particularly, the mixed choir due to the status of the "changing voice" of the male adolescent as well as the perception experienced by adolescent males that they may not be "rough enough" and tend to pull back from membership wherein they perceive themselves in view of what others have to say about their membership in the chorus. There are also problems in uniting the group and attainment of the necessary cohesion for excellent performance within the learning environment. This paper examines some of the issues facing the high school choral teacher and briefly examines some of the methods being utilized by teachers in this high school chorus setting to enhance learning.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
I. The Methodological Approach
II. Traditional Techniques
III. Tone, Pitch and Sight-reading
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conclusion, theory, technique and performance are all an integral part of teaching music that is not "optional" but are indeed "elemental" in music education. Necessary integration of the male and female gender adolescents must be the focus as well as an environment that is conducive to learning as well as being one that provides a "positive educational experience" for the student. The provision of a positive learning experience is of great value and promises to be successful if implemented and nurtured within a system of education. To accomplish this is requires a networking system among teachers, schools and staff who will all work "as though one" in coordination focused on the preparation of a positive learning base. Beginning with the preschool and carrying the students best interest as priority until commencement of graduation, this method will demand open communication and dedication."
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History of Jamaican Music, 2005.
A look at how the culture and society of Jamaica has influenced her music.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
Jamaica's music is influenced by the African, European, and Spanish cultures of its inhabitants. It explains that the different cultural backgrounds of the indigenous tribes blended with the Spanish and European colonists to create a music that was unique in many respects. The writer points out that Jamaican music is a form of expression, as well as an attempt for a culture to define itself. Its achievement lies in the fact that, despite its humble beginnings, it has become a global force in the musical world.
From the Paper
"Lewin and Gordon explain that native Jamaican music can be broken down into five categories, which are ritual, ceremonial, social, work and recreational. In addition, they state that ritual, ceremonial, and the social aspects of the music were the most popular forms of music in Jamaican culture and were still significant at the turn of the century. (Lewin and Gordon) Folk music originated as a result of dealing with life and its variety of circumstances. This underlying theme of coping with the joys and sorrows of life remains a significant aspect of Jamaican music. In short, Jamaican music serves many purposes and, as a result, is a form of all sorts of expressions."
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The Beatles.
This paper discusses the Beatles, the most influential artists in the music format of rock and roll.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the origin of the Beatles was the union of Paul McCartney and John Lennon in a band called "The Quarry Men," later to be joined by George Harrison, and finally, Ringo Starr. The author points out that Beatlemania began after an appearance on "The Ed Sullivan Show" in 1964, and, the following year, the Beatles were made "Members of the Order of the British Empire," an award honoring those who are deserving either for achievement or service to the country. The paper relates that, at the top of their career, the Beatles began to unravel upon the death of their manager, Brian Epstein; the stress of fame and fortune was beginning to show on the group and, in 1969, "Abbey Road" was their last album to be recorded.
From the Paper
"Rock and roll has created a culture like no other form of music ever before experienced on this planet. It has permeated through cultures so diverse that one would think they would never have anything in common. Yet, rock and roll knows geographic boundaries. It knows no language barriers. And, it knows truly no age restrictions. Rock and roll has become more universal then any other music form ever developed."
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The Tuba.
This paper discusses the history of the tuba, a musical instrument.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the tuba is the descendant of the serpent, a much older and now obsolete form of the tuba created sometime around 1590s; it is also related to the old cornet and the ophicleide.The author points out that the modern tuba came into being largely because of the piston valve in early 1800s, but it took some time to design a small piston valve, which could be fitted in a bore instrument. The paper relates that tubas are available in different sizes, which determine their pitches and, thus, their functions; for example, concerts bands are more in favor of using B-B-flat tubas, while the orchestra players prefer C-C tuba.
From the Paper
"The Serpent was not immediately taken over by the tuba. There were some other variations designed before the tuba was finally embraced in its modern form. The other important ancestor of tuba is the ophicleide, which is a name deserved from two Greek words meaning serpent and keys. It was precisely in 1810 that ophicleide was designed in Ireland by Joseph Halliday. The instrument resembled a cornet in its function but looked more like a saxophone where its shape was concerned. Just like a serpent, ophicleide didn't particularly produce a pleasant sound, as extra lungpower was required to generate sound from this long curved instrument."
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