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Chronic Sleep Deprivation and Health, 2008.
A review of J. E. Brody's article, "Personal Health: At Every Age, Feeling the Effects of Too Little Sleep," that was published in the New York Times in 2007.
762 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of chronic sleep deprivation. It looks at the link between chronic sleep deprivation and some of the most prevalent major health issues in the United States today. The paper focuses on J. E. Brody's article, "Personal Health: At Every Age, Feeling the Effects of Too Little Sleep," that was published in the New York Times in 2007. It reviews the article and discusses the article's content.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Circadian Rhythms
Sleep Deprivation in Modern American Society
Sleep Deprivation and Specific Health Risks
From the Paper
"All mammalian species have a need for regular sleep and while it is clear that sleep provides a restorative function, scientists do not yet understand its precise biological function (Siegel, 2005). Numerous prior research studies have established the link between sleep deprivation and impaired attention and daytime mental acuity, but more recent evidence has suggested that chronic sleep deprivation is directly related to heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, in addition to playing a role in depression and behavioral difficulties (Brody, 2007). Combined with the fact that chronic sleep deprivation is considered a social epidemic throughout modern American society, the link between it and some of the most prevalent major health issues makes understanding the precise functions and mechanisms of sleep even more important than previously suspected (Siegel, 2005)."
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The Ebola Virus, 2008.
An analysis of the Ebola virus and the related book, "the Hot Zone," written by Richard Preston.
1,008 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and analyzes the book, "The Hot Zone," written by Richard Preston. Specifically, it discusses the realities of an Ebola virus outbreak in the United States. It looks at the history of the Ebola virus and how it could be contained if there were an outbreak. The paper discusses the content of Preston's book and its realities.
From the Paper
"It is quite clear that Ebola is a deadly virus that could wipe out entire populations if it came into the United States (or any other country). It cannot be prevented or anticipated, and it has no real effective treatment. The author maintains this is because viruses are reacting to the Earth's population and change. He writes, "In a sense, the earth is mounting an immune response against the human species. It is beginning to react to the human parasite, the flooding infection of people, the dead spots of concrete all over the planet, the cancerous rot -outs in Europe, Japan, and the United States [...]" (Preston 406). While the Ebola Reston outbreak did not kill any humans, it certainly could have, and if a strain like it returns to the United States, the results could be catastrophic. Clearly, more study must go into the Ebola virus, so that scientists and medical professionals can understand it, and somehow learn how to treat it."
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Quality Adjusted Life Years, 2008.
This paper looks at the controversial use of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) in order to determine how healthcare resources should be allocated.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the controversial issues using the rational examination of ideas based on logic and current research instead of emotions. This paper focuses on proponent's arguments and oppositional argument's of using Quality Adjusted Life Years or QALYs when deciding how healthcare resources should be allocated. Both sides of the issue are presented. The term Quality Adjusted Life Years is first defined by the World Health Organization. The researcher then presents both sides of the issue, offering a synopsis of the proponent's side and opponent's side of the QALY issue. Following this a summary of opinions and declarations is offered for review and discussion.
Outline:
Introduction
Proponents
Opposition
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
" The purpose of QALY is primarily to decide how healthcare resources should be allocated. The use of QALY for example, may help determine which patients are eligible for participation in quality clinical trials. From a health insurance perspective, quality adjusted life years may impact the calculation of cost for a person or their family. In fact, health insurance companies have long relied on similar calculations to decide what premium participants may pay. They base their analysis on factors much like QALY including the individual's projected lifespan, current health and medical history. These elements are all used to decide how much insurance an individual will qualify for (based on their life expectancy and health). While even this process is controversial for some, by and large it is widely accepted as a tool for measuring how much insurance can or cannot be offered an individual. "
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Healthcare Quality Improvement, 2008.
This paper discusses the implementation of a proposed quality improvement program at a hospital.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer covers the reasons for implementing a quality improvement program. The writer then outlines three quality improvement programs which can serve as models for the hospital institution. Finally, this article recommends which elements of these quality improvement programs should be adopted in an eventual quality improvement program by the hospital. The writer notes that quality improvement in healthcare has always been a goal ever since medicine was first practiced. This paper deals with the increased incentives for quality improvement in healthcare, and discusses programs to improve quality. This paper focuses particularly on nursing and allied professions.
Outline:
Reasons for Adopting Quality Improvement in our Institution
Best Practices in 4 Hospitals
Tenet Healthcare
Cleveland Clinic Stroke Improvement Plan
Treatment of CHF Patients
Recommendations for Our Institution
Specific Program for our Institution
From the Paper
"The healthcare institution is under competitive pressure in a way that was less obvious in previous decades. Alternative healthcare delivery means have been encroaching on the market share of "traditional" hospitals and clinics. HMO's have brought a capitated model with an emphasis on preventative care. Specialist hospitals have focused on high-profit procedures, such as heart catheterization and orthopedics, leaving traditional hospitals less-profitable procedures. These alternative institutions compete not on price, but quality of the outcomes and the patient experience. Traditional healthcare institutions must therefore adapt in order to compete."
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The Changing Face of Nursing, 2008.
This paper discusses contemporary changes in the field of nursing.
1,463 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, instead of a nurse being merely the lackey of the doctor, a nurse today is a complete healthcare professional who provides holistic healthcare to her patient. The paper then relates that, although nurses are better educated and better qualified than before, the major portion of the nurse population remains female and white. The paper emphasizes how a nurse plays a much more important role than ever before and concludes that this must be acknowledged and recognized by healthcare institutions and professionals everywhere.
Outline:
Introduction
The Changing Face of Nursing
Changes in the Field of Home Nursing, and Changes Related to Parallel Changes in Medical Education
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A Nurse has traditionally been a person who is in charge of taking care of a sick person who needs her services in order to get better and get back on the road to recovery. Through the years, there have been examples of nurses who have sacrificed a great deal of their personal life to be of service to humanity, and Florence Nightingale is one such nurse. While in older times a nurse was merely the lackey or the side kick of the doctor, who was in complete charge of the patient, and who assumed the right to order the nurse around, today the nurse plays a larger role and has a wider scope of responsibilities than before. Today, a nurse is a complete healthcare professional, who provides holistic healthcare to her patient. She is well educated, independent thinking, and trained in management and leadership skills. She takes part in all major decisions regarding healthcare, and she casts a good influence on her patient. (Salemi, 2007)"
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Panic Disorder, 2008.
This paper examines the subject of panic disorder, looking also into post traumatic stress disorder.
1,173 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the current research on panic disorder, as well as its treatment is telling of the state of the disorder in the population, as well as inroads being made in its treatment and diagnosis. The writer maintains that the works studied here, collectively give the impression that panic disorder can be a life altering disorder that can progress rapidly, even in children. The writer points out that panic disorder is much more likely to occur in women than men, with the exception of those with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), who are more likely to be men if they are returning from war and more likely to be women if PTSD is associated with sexual/physical or emotional abuse in childhood. The writer concludes that the works examined also stress the need for more research, especially regarding the understanding of any potential biological effects that may be a result of chemical/hormonal changes that occur during panic.
From the Paper
"Both of these lines of research are ripe for additional investigation, as they seem to clearly complicate and possibly exacerbate the social affect of the disorder to a large degree and are secondary problems shared by many who experience the disorder.
"Other related disorders also give more clear insight into panic disorder, as post traumatic stress disorder has increased in severity as well as incidence, given the prolonged state of national crisis, war and other issues involving over stimulation in the fast paced society we share. One review work, demonstrates the conflicts and controversy that surrounds PTSD, often a precursor to panic disorder as the disorder leaves the individual with a cognitive reaction to normal events in an exaggerated panicked, fashion and in many ways correlates to panic disorder. The article states that victims in the past have been treated ineffectually due to preconceived notions about the traumatic event, if they are conscious of the memory or event and if they experienced such trauma as a result of war, as the politics of war and the dynamic of the military have skewed opinions and therefore policy on treatment, as has advocates and opponents of recovered memory subjects. "
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Astrocytic Tumors, 2008.
A discussion of astrocytic brain tumors and their treatments.
2,676 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a brief overview of astrocytoma and explains the condition, it's pathogenesis, the various classifications, the diagnosis and the possible treatment methods. The paper shows how we are still a long way from providing complete relief for all the different types of astrocytomas.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Glial Cells
Tumor Grades
Pathogenesis
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Biomarker for Astrocytoma
Treatment
Chemotherapy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Brain tumor is one of the most lethal forms of cancers with more than 13,000 deaths every year in the United States. Though we are still a long way from developing medical interventions that promise total recovery, advancements in the diagnostic methods such as MRS, ultrasonic aspiration and in surgical procedures such as intraoperative neuronavigation, Gamma Knife radiosurgery, etc, have improved the precision for the surgeon and outcome for the patient to a significant extent. It is hoped that our increasing understanding of the molecular pathology of the disease propelled by the huge amount of research devoted to the field would lead to developing a successful treatment plan for astrocytoma and all other forms of brain tumors in the near future."
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Physical Education, 2008.
A review of the importance of physical education in schools and colleges.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the concern of educators that physical education is no longer perceived as important in schools and colleges today. This is confirmed by recent reports that various medical studies have shown that there is an increase in obesity among the youth, which is linked to the lack of physical exercise. The paper furthers highlights that this also emphasizes the relationship between social environment and its connection to being physically fit. The paper concludes by noting that reduced physical activity during childhood and adolescence represents a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and other diseases in adulthood.
From the Paper
"These views are borne out by numerous studies. For example, in 1989 the Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD) issued a statement which, "...emphasized the importance of quality physical education programs in Michigan schools ....." ( Pivarnik and Pfeiffer) There have also been various national initiatives aimed at improving the state of student fitness by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other organizations and bodies. These programs and studies also emphasize the importance of social environment and its relationship to physical fitness programs."
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My Nursing Theory, 2008.
A personal philosophy of nursing.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
The writer relates that in developing her own nursing theory, she has been particularly influenced by the work of theorists such as Jean Watson and Bonnie W. Duldt. The writer defines nursing, examines her purpose of nursing, her assumptions about nursing and the principles of nursing. The writer concludes that she believes in investigating the causes for physical illness on more than merely the physical level, but on the psychological, emotional and spiritual level too.
Outline:
Introduction
Definition
Purpose
Assumptions
Principles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since Florence Nightingale's selfless service to those suffering in hospitals, nursing has been recognized as not only a profession, but also a calling. This is what nursing is for me. I have always felt that, more than other professions, nursing provides the professional with the opportunity to connect with other human beings on multiple levels. On the clinical level, nursing provides the opportunity for learning about the miracle that is the human body. On the non-physical level, the nurse has the opportunity to understand the client not only on the level of medical need, but also on the psychological and even spiritual level. "
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Female Circumcision, 2008.
This paper examines varying conceptions of female genital cutting in the twenty-first century.
4,700 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 175.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer identifies what risks or benefits exist for African women who undergo female genital cutting in the twenty first century. A review of the history and key terminology establishes a base knowledge on the subject, followed by a discussion of the religious/cultural, social, physical, and political significance. This paper reviews existing literature on female genital cutting, with preference for essays and research conducted after the year 2000. Discussion identifies what perceived risks and benefits exist for women undergoing female genital cutting in the twenty first century according to existing research and accounts. The writer discusses whether current modern conditions make the procedure an acceptable risk to maintain cultural identity and also whether the cultural identity purportedly maintained by the tradition is itself a risk to the well being of girls in Africa. This paper makes conclusions and recommendations for additional research based on the relevance of the discussion.
Outline:
Cultural Identity Versus Barbaric Tradition
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Conclusions
From the Paper
" Research investigating these questions is valuable on many levels. It is easy to accept the existing knowledge and research concerning female genital cutting, as it is easy for those in Western cultures to be horrified by the practice. However, much of the existing research falls short by providing inadequate data or by falling back on assumptions and information collected a decade or more ago. In an age of globalization, a lot can change in a decade. Using only research done in the twenty-first century, it is possible to identify what issues are still factors in the debate over female genital cutting. By doing so it may be possible to identify what physical, psychological, and social risks and implications female genital cutting has on the current population of African girls undergoing the procedure. It is also possible to identify what social and psychological gains may exist for the same women. Can varying conceptions of female genital cutting be reconciled? Is female genital cutting a barbaric tradition or does it play a crucial role in the cultural identity of African women?"
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Gender and Heart Disease, 2008.
An exploration of the gender differences in the incidence of heart disease.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the literature to identify relevant biological and psychological theories that may account for the differences in the incidence of heart disease among men and women. The paper looks at biological differences as well gender-related factors. The paper discusses how some of these factors are controllable, such as smoking, drinking and keeping a handle on stress and anger and how men can minimize these behaviors that, although socially sanctioned, are known to increase the risk of heart disease.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Heart disease continues to represent a national health issue, with more men experiencing heart attacks at earlier ages than their female counterparts (Thom, Kannel, Silbershatz and D'Agostino 3). Women, though, continue to be at higher risk for some types of heart disease-related illnesses. For example, more than 50 percent of all coronary mortalities are the result of sudden cardiac death; furthermore, fully half of men and 64 percent of women who die suddenly did not have a history of diagnosed coronary artery disease (Wilansky and Willerson 295)."
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Self Care Management for New Nursing Grad Students, 2008.
An examination of self-care management for new nursing graduate students and the implications of this self-care management.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper describes self-care management of new graduate nurses. It provides an explanation or definition of the topic, then discloses the role of the registered nurse (RN) in self-care management among new graduate nurses. The paper finally provides insights about the implications of self-care management of new graduate nurses for nursing practice and touches briefly on the ways that nursing care or nurse practice may change under the influence of self-care management of the new graduate nurse.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nursing Topic
Role of RN Relative to Topic
Implications for Nursing Practice or Change in Nursing Practice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The implications for this topic are dynamic. Studies suggest graduate nurses now face a workplace that is diverse in nature and subsequently more interesting to them; this diverse environment compels the new graduate nurse to learn more about self care management for their own health and for the well being of patients they work with (Mortimer & Mccgann, 2004). It is important graduate nurses learn about self care management in practice to help prevent feelings of discouragement or frustration, feelings common among nurses working in an increasingly global and diverse healthcare setting, where RNs work as part of a team that includes the doctor, the charge nurse, CNAs and other healthcare providers (Mortimer & Mcgann, 2004). Frustration is easily mitigated when one considers how easy it is to empower patients to recover. A little bit of hope and proactive involvement and interest in patient care means the difference between positive and negative outcomes for both the patient and nurse in many situations (Mortimer & Mcgann, 2004)."
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Health Threats in Turkey, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of health care and the ongoing health crisis of maternal and infant mortality in Turkey.
1,266 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that one of the most substantial health threats in Turkey is infant and maternal mortality. The problem unlike many diseases is universal as it can potentially affect any family, not just families in a certain area or with a certain health risk. The writer points out that Turkey has an infant mortality rate of 42 per 1,000 live births ranking 30th worst in the world. The writer looks at a media campaign and an e-health project within Turkey. The writer discusses that the ministry of health and other expert organizations make clear that the concerns associated with infant and maternal mortality are universal, as women in many socioeconomic and regional groups are fundamentally unaware of the necessity for prenatal care, trained delivery as well as post natal follow-up and many areas of Turkey are recognized as having limited access to basic health care.
From the Paper
"Regardless of the pervasiveness of the idea that care is not needed during this seemingly natural human condition, modern medicine needs to reiterate that care can prevent or avoid completely many often tragic circumstances through very simple cost-effective means.
"There are many cultural issues, that effect women more than men but in turn effect the entire fabric of the culture, as women make up greater than fifty percent of the population, live longer than men and bear a great deal of the social burden for any nation. Broadening social awareness among men and women for these issues and the need to change those things that are not incongruent with the culture and the faith, being careful not to challenge either is necessary and wise.
"Women's health issues are intrinsically important to any culture, as the effects of the loss of a woman or a child to any disease or accident is substantial, and is even more tragic when prevention is possible."
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MRSA, 2008.
An overview of the MRSA (staphylococcus aureus) bacterium and infection.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the cause of a MRSA (staphylococcus aureus) infection and explains its risks for families and schools and for persons who have existing health problems. The paper then discusses its diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Outline:
What is the Causative Agent for MRSA?
What is the Problem with this Disease?
What are the Ways for Diagnosis of MRSA?
What are the Ways of Treatment and/or Prevention?
From the Paper
"The British Association of Medical Microbiologists reports that MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus) is a bacterium frequently found in the noses of up to 30 percent of "normal healthy people." It is often found on human skin, as well. But if the Staphylococcus aureus gets inside the body it can cause "important infections such as boils or pneumonia," the report continues. The problem with this particular strain of this bacterium is that there are no antibiotics that can knock it down once it has entered the internal part of the human body. The www.link.med.ed.ac.uk British medical Web site points out that individuals can become carriers of MRSA in the same exact way that they can carry the ordinary Staphylococcus aureus - by "physical contact with the organism.""
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Financial Positions within a Health Care Setting, 2008.
An examination of the necessary financial roles within a health care organization.
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the organizational roles of chief financial officers (CFO), comptrollers, treasurers, reimbursement directors and internal auditors within a health care setting. It discusses whether or not all of these positions are necessary in today's health care setting and why it is necessary to have multiple positions in a health care organization.
From the Paper
"Kirkegaard (1997) proposes that the concept of liquidity is extremely familiar in the theory of accounting and financing. It is defined as having a direct relationship with the action of "paying." Enterprises or individuals are said to be liquid at a moment or within a period when they are able to pay their due debts now or within the period concerned. Payment can be made either in cash or by using references to cash. The daily language of accounting contains expressions such as "liquid capital" or simply "liquidity," terms that simply refer to means of payment that are easily accessible. In practice, "liquid capital" and "liquidity" can have three and only three forms. The ability to pay can be demonstrated by the presence of means of payment in the form of: cash holdings, deposits in bank accounts of various kinds, and prearranged rights to draw on credits of various kinds."
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Healthcare Financial Management, 2008.
An analysis of the trends, innovation and future investments in the healthcare industry as affected by Medicare and Medicaid payments.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how hospitals are faced with a revenue crisis, because programs such as Medicare and Medicaid are running out of money and the number of patients supported by these programs is steadily increasing. The paper considers the high volume of Medicare and Medicaid fraud and new government anti-fraud regulations that are predicted to have a positive impact for revenue streams for hospitals in the future. The paper concludes that without some necessary reforms, the financial state of the medical profession still remains threatened.
Outline:
The Effect of Medicare Trends on Healthcare Providers
Protection of Revenue Streams for Hospitals
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, new medical advancements and technological progress have led to improvements in human health, causing a rise in the average age of the population. The national government insurance program that covers nearly 41 million seniors and disabled citizens, Medicare, has raised many substantial concerns concerning its' state of financial crisis. In just 10 years, one of the program's two trust funds will be paying out more than it takes in (National Center for Policy Analysis, 2004)."
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