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Youth Crime, 2008.
This paper examines Orem's self-care theory in relation to teenagers who instigate crimes.
875 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Miami, Florida's trend of attacks on the disabled, elderly and homeless by teenagers. The paper looks at Orem's nursing model and demonstrates how community health nursing interventions might be used for this vulnerable population. The paper explains that community nurses will need to advocate for change and collaborate with agencies such as the Miami-Dade County Youth Crime Task Force (YCTF). The paper shows how through use of the model, youth can enlarge their options for decision-making, can begin to be empowered and to enjoy improved quality of life.
From the Paper
"Miami, Florida is the site of a most disturbing trend of attacks on the disabled, elderly, and especially the homeless. What makes these crimes so socially significant is that they very often are committed by preadolescent children who are influenced by teenagers. In a recent highly publicized case, a Vietnam veteran who was both disabled and homeless was severely beaten with bricks by a teenager and two ten-year-old boys. In another case, a homeless man was beaten to death by two teenagers; the crime was captured on a bank security tape."
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Breastfeeding Duration, 2008.
This article provides a critique of the article "Breastfeeding duration in an Australian population" by Blyth, et al, which discusses the impact of modifiable risk factors on breastfeeding duration.
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses an article "Breastfeeding Duration in an Australian Population: The Influence of Modifiable Antenatal Factors." by Blyth, R., M. Mid, D. Creedy, C. Dennis, W. Moyle, J. Pratt, S. De Vries & Healy, G. The writer maintains that the modifiable factors discussed in the article have implications for nursing interventions, and all of the researchers who conducted this study are nurses. The writer notes that even though almost all mothers initiate breastfeeding, the current trend around the world is that one-half of those mothers discontinue the practice by one month postpartum and very few are breastfeeding at a later time. This critique assesses the value of the modifiable factors isolated by the researchers, along with the validity of the findings. The writer concludes that modifiable factors do not actually predict breastfeeding duration but they are a reliable source of nursing information about breastfeeding behavior.
From the Paper
"The authors include a literature review that focuses on the decline of breastfeeding and on factors identified in other research which affect the duration of the practice. Among the non-modifiable factors is being economically deprived, or being a member of an ethnic or racial group with inadequate language skills. The modifiable factors include the presence of social support, being provided with essential information, the intention to breastfeed, and confidence with breastfeeding. One of the most formidable obstacles to effective breastfeeding and its duration is lack of needed information by the mother. Most research suggests that when information is provided, breastfeeding will be initiated and its duration will be extended. The authors point out that there is no real consensus about the effectiveness of health teaching, however. The researchers also note the significance given by previous studies to social support. Support from family members can result in three times the likelihood of breastfeeding and a support network also is influential."
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Nursing Regulatory and Accreditation Bodies, 2008.
This paper looks at nursing regulatory and accreditation bodies that ensure the quality and professionalism of the nurses' care for the patient.
1,034 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that professionalism in the field of nursing demands strict self-regulation and continuous improvement of the standard of care through evidence-based recommendations and quality research. The writer notes that professionalism also demands a multi-disciplinary approach in order to arrive at comprehensive, individualized treatment options for the patient. The nurses' roles as researcher, planner, policy-maker, educator, leader and collaborator testify to the ethical responsibilities they share towards patients, colleagues and the populations they affect through their decisions. In practice, the writer maintains that it is the nurse that plays a large part in formulating and implementing patient care plans, evaluating their outcomes and continuously enforcing and improving the quality of care. The writer concludes that accrediting and regulatory bodies are different levels of professional accountability in the nursing profession that protect consumers from unnecessary harm and employers from the legal consequences of the malpractice of individual employees.
Outline:
Introduction
Regulatory Body: Purpose and Scope
Accrediting Body: Purpose and Scope
Similarities and Differences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From the above, it can be seen that both regulation and accreditation provide different strata of professional accountability as they relate to the practice of safe, comprehensive and competent patient care. Accountability can also be seen in terms of institutional and individual accountability. Institution accreditation, while accountable for educating its graduates according to its own set of mission objectives, philosophy and goals, is no longer directly accountable for any shortcomings of the individual nurse in terms of clinical practice and continuing education. As the nurse enters individual practice, jurisdiction falls to the state nursing boards to determine individual accountability. Another difference is that (in the case of the U.S.), accreditation is done through a nationally recognized agency. This is advantageous in that accredited institutions adhere to a uniform set of accreditation prerequisites, which in effect standardizes core education competencies. Regulatory bodies, in contrast, have a more narrow authority, determined by governmental jurisdiction and specialization. This is advantageous in that individual registered nurses, irrespective of higher education, can be restricted in terms of area of practice and prosecuted according to state law if necessary. Additionally, individuals, rather than institutions, can more easily be restricted in practice and monitored."
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Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, 2008.
A report on research analysis on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a report on research carried out on the prevention and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The paper explains that the purpose of the study was to identify contributory patient predispositions, nursing factors and events leading to PONV. The paper further explains that the researchers also sought to identify preventive and management interventions that could be used in the development of future research. The paper then goes on to describe other aspects of the study, including the literature review, research questions, study variables, data collection and analysis and its conclusions and recommendations.
Outline:
Problem and Purpose
Study Framework
Research Questions
Study Variables
Study Design
Population, Sample and Setting
Method of Measurement
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Interpretation of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
Implications for Practice
From the Paper
"The authors elaborated on the problem of PONV in terms of observations of increased and unneeded length of stay, increased costs as a result and the lack of a regular and formal post-operative assessment for nausea and vomiting, giving the purpose of the research adequate rationale for being conducted. The scope of the problem was sufficiently delimited, the purpose narrowed and clarified and is relevant to nursing. No gender bias was apparent in this section of the article."
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To Age or Not to Age, 2008.
This paper discusses plastic surgery, the media, and the public.
2,529 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that those in the media and public eye are constantly scrutinized regarding their looks and their age. Women, more so than men, are expected to appear young and vibrant, and many have turned to plastic surgery to achieve this goal. More and more men in the media, however, are also jumping on the surgery bandwagon to compete with their younger male counterparts entering the industry. The writer discusses that this move toward plastic surgery is a wonderful method of turning back the clock on aging as long as it is a voluntary, informed choice, and not done with trepidation as a desperate act to restore youth. The writer argues that having cosmetic plastic surgery should remain a personal choice and whether one decides to alter, improve, or enhance their appearance should not be a reflection, either positively or negatively on their character, as it should not on the individual who decides to forego the procedure. Although those physically attractive people in the media and in society in general often receive preferential treatment and are perceived by others as more sociable and intelligent, it is not perception that is important, but how one feels about themselves on the inside that really counts. The writer concludes that this is what should lead us regarding any decision we should make about the media, plastic surgery, and our lives in general.
From the Paper
"One such example of a female broadcaster who has refused to change her appearance is that of Stephanie Edwards, who had hosted the televised versions of the Rose Parade for many years and was the ongoing spokesperson for Lucky's Supermarkets in their broadcast and print advertisements. Her co-host for the yearly parades was a male game show host and media celebrity, Wink Martindale, who is now the spokesperson for Orbitz, a travel agency. While Stephanie's older co-host, Wink, continued to receive his 5-year contracts, Stephanie was given 1-year contracts instead. Additionally, her contract with Lucky's restricted her to radio spots only. Today, Stephanie Edwards is nowhere to be seen in television media, however, as stated Wink, looking as if he has had some "work" done himself, is successfully doing television commercials for Orbitz."
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Healthcare Communication, 2008.
This paper focuses on healthcare communication between the providers of healthcare and their patients.
1,454 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the term healthcare communication can refer to all types of communications used in the healthcare industry, be it communication between and among healthcare agencies, healthcare providers, and healthcare clients. In this paper, however, the writer concentrates on the topic of healthcare communication between healthcare providers and their patients-clients. The paper emphasizes the importance of this communication and looks at the current movement in healthcare education to bring back the human touch into healthcare practice in order for medicine to regain its soul.
Outline:
What is Healthcare Communication?
Relevance of Healthcare Communication
Emergency Room Situations
Confidentiality
Dealing with Family Issues
Dealing with Sociocultural Issues
Communication in the Process of Healing
Principles of Therapeutic Communication in Healthcare Settings
Verbal communications
Verbal communications
Nonverbal communications
From the Paper
"Communication is an exchange, a two-way process. But sometimes this is forgotten in the healthcare setting when the patient-client becomes the passive, receiving end while the healthcare provider does all the talking and fails to listen. However, for healthcare delivery to be effective, there should be an exchange of information between the two parties.
"Healthcare providers have a 2-fold responsibility towards their patients who are basically their clients. First, they must have the technical skills, and second, they much have the ability to communicate and empathize. In other words, a healthcare professional does not only need the brain and skill to perform his/her work. He/she must also have his/her heart into it."
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Article Analysis: Sleep after Cardiac Surgery, 2008.
An analysis of the quantitative research article "Sleep is Related to Physical Function and Emotional Well-Being after Cardiac Surgery" by Nancy S. Redeker, Jeanne S. Ruggiero and Christine Hedges.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the research question, reported in the "Nursing Research" article "Sleep is Related to Physical Function and Emotional Well-Being after Cardiac Surgery" by Redeker e.al., is "What is the relation of daytime napping to physical function and emotional well-being?" The author points out that this reported study has a multi-center, nonrandomized, prospective design. The paper also reports that the weaknesses of the study are that preoperative data on sleeping patterns were not available, dropout caused issues of internal validity and the sample was not representative. The author concludes that a randomized, case-control design would afford more validity.
Table of Contents:
Study
Problem
Study Purpose
Research Question
Hypotheses
Study Variables
Review of Related Literature
Study Design
Sample and Setting
Identification and Control of Extraneous Variables
Study Instruments/Tools
From the Paper
"The hypotheses examined by the study were based on two theoretical models that regulate sleep patterns, namely: a) the chronobionic or circardian rhythm model of sleep regulation, and b) homeostatic model of sleep regulation. The circadian rhythm regulates the need for sleep according to the time of day while physiological homeostasis regulates the need for sleep in response to the body's tiredness due to physical exertion or extended wake periods."
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The Effects of Globalization, 2008.
A personal perspective on how globalization impacts American society.
3,210 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper reveals that globalization has been more beneficial to people in higher income levels, but has harmed people in middle and lower economic classes. The paper then discusses the beneficial aspects of globalization that include improvements in education, medicine, consumption, work and technology. The writer concludes that he expects these beneficial aspects to only improve, but he is concerned about the negative aspects of globalization, especially in terms of the burgeoning economic inequality it is generating.
From the Paper
"Our readings and class discussions indicate that globalization is controversial, for its advocates claim that it promotes general prosperity around the world and is socially benign, while its critics blame globalization for the widening gap between rich and poor throughout the world. It is evident that globalization has been beneficial to people in higher income levels, but has been much less beneficial to people in middle and lower economic classes, many of whom are in fact being harmed by globalization."
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Faculty Roles in Nursing, 2008.
This paper discusses faculty roles within the field of nursing, focusing on a nursing education at community college and university levels.
1,136 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that instructors in the nursing field at the community college and university levels have different requirements in order to work within their chosen occupations. Those requirements are founded in a historical philosophy of education that is specific to the institutions and that has impacted learning, especially at the community college level. In this essay, an examination of professional development, credentialing and faculty practice is presented, as a means of focusing on these differences in relation to learning. The writer concludes that that there is a vast amount of difference between the requirements of faculty members at the community college and university levels.
Outline:
Introduction
Community College
University
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While not all of the universities in the United States require their faculty members to be practicing in their field, many institutions make demands on their instructors to be practicing professionals. This stipulation is dependent on the university and the requirements determined by the institutional authorities. However, the philosophy behind this mandate is that instructors that work in the field of nursing will be more capable of effectively applying theory to practice, which will increase the learning potential of students. Additionally, when teachers in university systems are practicing in the nursing field, they receive a greater amount of respect from students because students are aware that nursing instructors are successfully functioning as nursing professionals, not merely using a text to share knowledge. "
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The Elderly and Health, 2008.
This paper discusses access to health care for the older adult.
1,124 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that access to health care has been listed as one of the leading health indicators in the United States for numerous reasons. Yet, in relation to the aging population of the country, access to care is a primary concern because there are multiple factors that are affecting it at the current time. The writer points out that the nursing shortage that is now challenging health care systems to alter their practices has created a situation in which health care facilities do not have a sufficiently trained staff to meet the demands of the public. When the health care needs of baby boomers are considered with specialized care, the number of trained nurses is even smaller, as is the number of trained physicians in the field of geriatrics. The writer maintains that the only manner of addressing this issue is to develop programs that will entice medical professionals into the field and create working conditions that will prompt nurses to remain in the health care system.
Outline:
Nursing and Physician Shortage
Rising Cost of Health Care
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, this legislation only demands that the patient be treated until he or she is stable and then may be released without further care. Nevertheless, when it is geriatric related care that is required for the elderly individual, emergency room care is not available and the patient cannot be treated sufficiently.
"Furthermore, while most elderly will sign up for Medicare in the country, Medicare is not a blanket insurance policy that will cover all health care conditions or treatments that are recommended by physicians. This leaves millions of baby boomers in the position of attempting to suffer through age related illness and disease without health care assistance because their access to care is significantly decreased due to lack of coverage. When it is further considered that a large portion of baby boomers will be living off of nothing but their social security payments on a monthly basis, the ability of this generation to afford specialized healthcare services negatively impacts their access to care."
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A Qualitative Research Report Analysis, 2008.
An evaluation of a qualitative research report, "In Their Own Words: Battered Women, Welfare and the Family Violence Option", by J.L. Postmus.
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper identifies the purpose, research questions, study design and subjects and settings of J.L. Postmus' report,"In Their Own Words: Battered Women, Welfare and the Family Violence Option". The paper also examines the data collection methods, data analysis procedures and the strengths and limitations of this study. The paper concludes that the study findings were valid and the research of high quality.
Outline:
Problem
Study Purpose
Research Questions
Study Design
Subjects and Settings
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures
Strengths and Limitations
From the Paper
"The problem the study was conducted to resolve was the apparent ineffectiveness of the Family Violence Option program as an option in helping battered women leave abusive relationships and eventually become economically independent (Postmus, 2002)."
"The problem is significant to nursing because of the impact of the recipients' experiences, attitudes and actions on their lives when faced with a system (which could be extended to the social services of a hospital) that is not receptive to their individual needs as victims and as person who wishes to establish themselves as emotionally and financially independent of their former partners. The significance of this research to nursing is also seen in the apparent danger that adapting a "catch-all" group of solutions for common problems (e.g. prioritizing rehabilitation over gaining economic independence) and one-sidedness with which each individual was assessed in order to achieve bureaucratic efficiency."
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Elder Care Resources, 2008.
This paper discusses the necessity to adapt to the increasing elderly population in order to meet specialized health care needs of geriatric individuals.
961 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer outlines salient features and issues regarding care of geriatric individuals in the context of working family members. It is the contention of this paper that, through bringing attention to the need for employees to both meet the needs of their elderly family members and employers, some of the difficulties encountered as a result of lost job opportunities, productivity and benefits can be avoided or at least alleviated. The writer concludes that an elder care program can, nonetheless, benefit both employer in terms of employee retention and investment, and employee in terms of uninterrupted income, personal, professional and organizational advancement, this new market can possibly lead to better uniformity in providing for elder care.
From the Paper
"As the elderly are experiencing an increase in life expectancy, dying is no longer a swift and uncomplicated transition. The salient natural course of most elderly patients is that of exacerbations and a semblance of normalcy, where death may come in the form of a coup de grace type insult or a disease exacerbation that is never fully recovered from. From the perspective of the aged, it is not merely enough to reach a chronological age and a sense of maturity; it is more important that independence in the form of being able to perform activities of daily living, having one's cognitive faculties intact, being able to be looked upon with status in society.
"A fear of losing one's independence permanently with an acute disease presentation or an accident such as a fall, along with a sense of mortality constantly shadows the elderly patient. "
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Improving Health in Rural Communities, 2008.
A look at health care provisions in rural areas of the US.
3,237 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 146.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses health care provision in rural areas of the USA. It provides a comprehensive literature review and presents a multifaceted approach in understanding how the past shaped and evolved into the current state of health care affairs. The author concludes the paper with some recommendations for the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Approach
Objectives
Literature Review
Discussion and Implications for Nursing
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Primary care in the setting of developed countries such as the United States, especially in rural and underserved areas, still remains a large hurdle for the health care system to clear (Kippenbrock, Stacy & Gilbert-Palmer, 2004). Primary care aims to provide basic health services to patients. Some of these services include patient education, counseling and health maintenance, aside from detection of and treatment of diseases (American Academy of Family Physicians, 2006). One of these services involves primary prevention of diseases (e.g. lung cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, etc.) through screening and regular examinations.
Rural communities are at a distinct disadvantage as far as health care is concerned. As the health care system became increasingly market-oriented, economic growth in this sector grew, in large part due to technological advances in health care provision, an orientation towards more meticulous health care economics management (e.g. managed care) and the diversification of the health care professional work force (Ricketts, 2000). However, these milestones in the evolution of the health care system were founded and dictated by market forces as a result. The rural population comprises only 20% of the total U.S. population. In being more concentrated in more "cost-effective" areas such as cities, large health care provider entities inadvertently exclude less populated rural areas to the detriment of the communities in these areas. This is exemplified by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' 2000 report that discloses 1,182 non-metropolitan areas as Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSA) (Ricketts, 2000)."
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Breast Cancer: Focus on the Disease, 2008.
A discussion highlighting the necessity to focus on cancer as a disease, rather than on the subject of prosthetics.
2,658 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper relates that the author of this paper was prompted to reasearch the topic of breast cancer further after her friend had what is termed a 'breast cancer scare'. The paper then defines breast cancer as a gendered disease in which women are led to believe the fallacy that medicine is winning the fight against breast cancer. However being a female gendered disease being investigated by a male dominant medical field prompts the writer to argue that this may not be correct. The paper deals with the approach of cosmetic surgery with the intention of appearing more attractive and quotes examples and experiences of women. The paper states that it is essential for women to be positive and to fight the disease, not to be laid back and accept defeat, nor conceal the fact that breast cancer exists and realize that to hide it under beauty concepts may be fatal.
From the Paper
"Recently, a close friend of mine had what is termed a "breast cancer scare". Following a routine mammogram, she was scheduled to have a suspicious lump removed from one of her breasts. During the wait for the surgery, and then the wait for the pathology report, we all reassured her as much as we could. We told her the things we have read and heard in the media, such as "Breast cancer's not such a big deal any more;" "Providing they catch it early, they can cure it;" "Almost no women die from breast cancer any more." And so on. And I, for one, believed it. It turned out that her lumps were not malignant, for which we are all deeply grateful. However, the incident caused me to wonder whether what we were saying was really true. Has the situation with regard to breast cancer really changed? Is it no longer the killer scourge that women used to fear so much? I did some research - and was shocked by the answers I found. As Batt (2002) puts it, "the overall mortality rate from carcinoma of the breast remains static" (p. 110). This of course begs the question: why are we being encouraged to believe that science is winning the fight against breast cancer, if this is not in fact true? As I will argue in this essay, the answer seems to have much to do with the fact that breast cancer is a gendered disease."
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Psychopharmacologic Drug SSRI, 2008.
Examines the negative effects of the psychopharmacologic drug SSRI (e.g. venflaxine) on adolescents.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that antidepressants are a group of psychoactive medications that alleviate the signs and symptoms of mood disorders with a pre-dominantly depressive mood. The paper then explains that an understanding of the major mechanisms of action of these drugs can be best accomplished through understanding the pathogenesis of mood disorders. The paper then relates that, by understanding the mechanism of SSRI (e.g. venflaxine), it is possible theoretically to infer the neurobiological component of the pathogenesis of increased suicidality in depressed adolescents.
From the Paper
"The psychopharmacologic effectiveness of anti-depressants center around one of three mechanisms of action: increasing serotonin and norepinephrine levels through blocking of presynaptic 5-HT and norepinephrine receptors (i.e. interruption of negative feedback for neurotransmitter regulation), blocking of serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake by the presynaptic neuron or inhibition of MAO to interrupt deactivation of these neurotransmitters (Bhalla & Aronson). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) will be discussed in further detail."
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Nursing Leadership, 2008.
Looks at ways nurses can meet their ethical obligation to be skilled communicators, teachers, motivators and team builders
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper notes that the ethical obligation and demand for leadership from nurses is the foundation for the public's trust in the medical profession. The paper then emphasizes the importance of understanding what it is a nurse is suppose to do ethically and relates that personal reflection and open communication between nurses and administrators is a proactive way of strengthening and protecting the public's trust in the profession of nursing. The paper concludes that the rigorous schedule of nursing school is a way of weeding out those who do not have the character and stamina to be teachers, motivators and team builders. Nursing is a profession of respect and responsibility--not everyone is cut out to be a nurse.
From the Paper
"There will never be an easy answer, but as a leader in your field you will be expected to always act accordingly. Nurses are looked upon as teacher, motivators and team builders. These responsibilities are a part of the profession. Leadership is a professional expectation. Nurses are encouraged to develop their personalities into a leadership role. We are encouraged to seek out our weaknesses and improve upon them to become effective leaders in our profession."
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