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Tylenol, 2008.
This paper explores the positive uses of the drug acetaminophen, known to most Americans as Tylenol.
1,737 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the benefits, disadvantages and costs of Tylenol as well as alternatives to Tylenol and then shows how Tylenol and all forms of acetaminophen prove to have more positive than negative consequences. The paper discusses how although acetaminophen has some serious consequences if misused with alcohol, the drug continues to help those who need small amounts of pain relief or fever reduction.
From the Paper
"The drug acetaminophen, known to most Americans as Tylenol, is one of the most widely used and recognizable over the counter drugs in the United States. It has been around for generations, and is now available without a prescription. The average American can go to their local grocery market or drug store and buy this product for a relatively cheap price. It also has a variety of uses, making it a perfect product to keep in the house in case it may be needed. Although this drug does have a few negative side affects in some individuals, it has been a blessing to many suffering from pain or illnesses which prove bothersome but not strong enough for prescription medication."
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The Plague, 2008.
Examines new types of plagues and the persistent problem of the historical plague in contemporary times.
3,170 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses primarily on "the" plague, which caused thousands of deaths throughout Europe during the 6th and 14th centuries and which currently remains a public health problem. In addition, the author discusses six modern plagues, such as the west Nile virus and AIDS. The author describes the three types of traditional plague, as well as the treatment, locations, control and preventative medication for plagues. The author also reviews the use of the plague as a biological weapon.
Table of Contents:
From the Past to the Future
A Purported Persistent Problem
"Strange New Disease"
West Nile Virus
Six Modern Plagues
Mad Cow Disease
HIV/AIDS
Hantavirus
Lyme
New Strain of Salmonella
Contributing Causes of "Modern Plagues" Considered
The Plague, per se
Three Forms of Plague
Bubonic Plague
Septicemic Plague
Pneumonic Plague
Treatment Regime
Plague around the World
Control Considerations
Preventative Medication
Plague as a Biological Weapon?
From the Paper
"A confirmed plague diagnosis triggers reporting requirements to certain health departments, including the Centers for Disease Control, which in turn, reports plague incidents to the World Health Organization. Diagnostic tests to confirm plague include: a complete blood count, a urinalysis, arterial blood gas, peripheral smear looking for Y pestis coccobaccilus, gram stain, cultures of blood, sputum, and bubo aspirate, chest radiography, specialized diagnostic testing, a F1 antigen rapid diagnostic test, Y pestis fluorescent antibody stain, and a Y pestis fluorescent antibody titer."
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Metabolic Syndrome and Antidepressant Medicines, 2008.
A review of research undertaken regarding antidepressant use and metabolic syndrome.
21,253 words (approx. 85.0 pages), 51 sources, APA, AU$ 375.95
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Abstract
This research project focuses on providing an explanation of the problems associated with metabolic syndrome as well as the potential link it may have to antidepressant medication. The paper not only attempts to show the seriousness of this problem, but also attempts to come up with ideas that will help to show how this problem can be reduced in size. The paper relates that the best way to accomplish this is to first analyze the problem in question to determine just how serious it actually is, and then use that seriousness as a wake-up call for those that have been looking the other way and avoiding dealing with the issue. There are many of these individuals, and it is time that this is changed.
Outline:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue of metabolic syndrome is one that has been misunderstood for many years, because people did not realize that the problems that were associated with it were tied together as one syndrome. They simply thought that there were individual problems that people experienced, and sometimes they had more than one of these individual problems. Now that this syndrome has become more well-known, however, there are individuals that study it and discuss how significant it is, and there are others that see it as some kind of made-up problem that is really not important enough to focus on. Both of these are valid points of view for people who research the issue but, in recent years, it has generally been accepted that metabolic syndrome does exist, and that the study of it is important. Unlike standard medical problems, such as singular diseases that affect the body, metabolic syndrome is not something that can be 'cured,' as it is understood in the traditional sense."
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Cymbalta for Treatment of Depression, 2008.
A review of the treatment of depression with specific reference to the drug duloxetine, which is available under the trade name of Cymbalta.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses antidepressants and states that clinical evidences show that the pathophysiology behind depression is due to neurotransmitter abnormalities in the brain. The paper reports that antidepressant medications act by correcting these abnormalities. The paper states that tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are the oldest type of antidepressants but these have been replaced by the newer serotonin norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors. Examples of these are venlafaxine and duloxetine. The paper further discusses the activity, side effects and mode of action of duloxetine which is available under the trade name of Cymbalta.
From the Paper
"Duloxetine hydrochloride, or Cymbalta, is a new antidepressant that possesses this dual action. It is known to have three clinical uses: as an antidepressant, as a pain reliever for diabetic peripheral neuropathies, and for alleviating urinary stress incontinence among women (Bandolier, 2007). It has also been approved for pharmacologic management of generalized anxiety disorder (Food and Drug Administration, 2006). Cymbalta has an advantage over venlafaxine. Cymbalta tends to bind tightly to specific serotonin and norepinephrine receptors than venlafaxine. This mechanism allows Cymbalta to have more specific action and less adverse effects. Moreover, it has been established that Cymbalta is effective in alleviating pain among patients who experience pain along with their depression. Studies have shown that duloxetine attenuates chronic and persistent pain within nociceptive transmission pathways."
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Military Healthcare, 2008.
An analysis of the issues between the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), the Department of Defense (DoD), the military health system (MHS) and civilian health care providers regarding the delivery of military healthcare.
9,640 words (approx. 38.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 297.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review to study the relationship between the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), Department of Defense (DoD) Military Health System (MHS), and civilian health care providers in the area of policy and utilization of management and information technology tools, which currently are adversely affecting the care of active duty military, their families and veterans. The author concludes that the governmental use of Lean and Six Sigma, specifically in the VA, MHS and DoD programs relating to healthcare provision for service members and beneficiaries has greatly expanded the capacity of these organizations to provide the required healthcare. The paper stresses that the management programs of Lean and Six Sigma offer potentials for cost savings, quality service provision and the elimination of waste in these organizations. Includes figures and tables.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Background of the Study
Statement of Thesis
Purpose of the Study
Literature Review
Department Of Defense (DoD) Task Force: On Future of Military Health Care
Systemic Obstacles Identified
DoD Findings Concerning Pharmacy Benefits and Recommended Tier Structure
Military Health System (MHS) Strategic Plan
DoD and VA Joint Strategic Plan
Military Health Systems Deployment of Electronic Dental Record
Health Information IT Systems Combined by DoD and Military Health System
Lean and Six Sigma to Improve Delivery of Government Services
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the area of improvement of efficiencies and cost-effectiveness of the military health care procurement system findings relate that that DoD obligations for medical services contracts was $1.6 billion in 1996, and that by the year 2005 this obligation had risen to $8 billion - or an increase of 412 percent. The cause for this growth in spending for service acquisition while is part attributed to recent trends and changes which includes downsizing in the civilian workforce as well as outsourcing and TRICARE benefits expansion along with attempting to meet new requirements as well as new demands."
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Victoria Hospital - Mission, Vision, Strategies, 2008.
A case study of the future plans and success of the Victoria Hospital.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Victoria Hospital is currently undergoing the process of organizational change and that they must highlight their future plans and courses of action. The paper then proceeds to describe how the hospital's vision and mission statement should be developed as well as some of the strategies of operation it should adopt.
Outline:
Victoria Hospital Vision Statement
Mission Statement
Victoria Hospital Strategies
From the Paper
"The mission statement takes on step further and communicates the audience the core competencies and the features on which the organization will base its actions in order to retrieve success. Furthermore, it also points out the main focuses of the organization in reaching their goals. For instance, a basic mission statement for a for-profit organization would be to offer their clients the best products and services and integrate the employees into the corporate culture, while in the same time registering profits. The mission statement is an important tool for communicating corporate objectives and commitment and it is addressed to all stakeholders, such as employees, clients, or patients in the case of Victoria Hospital, business partners or the general audience. The mission statement has to be developed by keeping in mind the corporate values and goals. For the Victoria Hospital, these are: dedicated personnel, the usage of advanced technologies and commitment to preserving and improving patient's health. However due to financial cuts, the management at Victoria Hospital desires to increase their profits, this will not be stated in the mission."
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Breaking the Barriers, 2008.
A study carried out to present to the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia to canvass help for a children's help center.
17,602 words (approx. 70.4 pages), 37 sources, APA, AU$ 375.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a study compiled as an application to the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia for support in a help center that works with children with mental disabilities. The forte of the Al Aoun Centre, which has been operational for more than twenty years, is the assistance it provides to children in need of speech and hearing therapy who are mentally disabled.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Organization and Management
Operating Strategies Strategies
From the Paper
"The Saudi Arabian healthcare system is a national health care system. This means that health care services are government provisioned and this is accomplished through a number of governmental agencies. There is an increasing need for private sector health care provision of health care services in Saudi Arabia. The government agency in charge of administering health care is the Ministry of Health, which provides primary health care services through providers. Services provided include preventative services, rehabilitative and curatives services. In a recent report published in the Record it is reported that the School of Medicine's Health Administration Program along with BJC HealthCare's International Healthcare Services "has launched an unique executive master's program for Saudi Arabian physicians and health-care ministry executives at the request of the Saudi Ministry of Health." (Miller, 2006) The report states that the program "was created specifically for 18 participants from the Riyadh-based King Fasad Medical City, a four-hospital system that is one of the largest medical complexes in Saudi Arabia." (Miller, 2006) According to Daniel K. Mueller, Ph.D, assistant vice-chancellor for international affairs: 'Health-care systems in the world are all changing, and the ministry sees the need to train executives in the basic principles of management, finance and organization to improve health care for the population of the King Fasad Medical City serves." (Miller, 2006) One of the lessons that this programs teaches "is the importance of enhancing healthcare by improving the processes hospitals use." (Miller, 2006)"
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Native-American Indian Health-Related Problems, 2008.
Examines alcoholism, HIV, suicide and the subsequent risk factors for other health-related problems within the Native-American Indian culture.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper is a review of peer-reviewed literature to determine current incidence and subsequent risk factors for health-related problems among Native-Americans today. The author concludes that, because Native-Americans remain at a higher risk of HIV, alcoholism and suicide than their white counterparts with incidences even higher than for many other American minority groups, there is a growing consensus among healthcare experts and lawmakers at all levels that something must be done to correct this situation.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Cultural Issues Affecting Native-American Healthcare
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even those Native-Americans fortunate enough to have healthcare providers from their own tribes who are familiar with these cultural perspectives are faced with some issues that are unique to their heritage and culture. For example, in some cases, healthcare providers have been fired from their positions with the state for participating in religious rituals involving the use of peyote and have even been denied unemployment benefits as well. According to Kellhofer (2001), in one case that went to the Supreme Court (Employment Division vs. Smith, 494 U.S. 872, 1990), dealt with the use of peyote."
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Diaphragmatic Hernia, 2008.
An in-depth look at the problem of diaphragmatic hernia, its occurrence and treatment.
2,156 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the term "diaphragmatic hernia", notes its position in the body and its function, and states that it is a high risk condition found in new born babies. The paper identifies the classification of the various types and states reasons with regard to their development, identifying that the types are gender specific. The paper also discusses the treatment and surgical procedure to correct the problem, as well as complications that may arise. The paper concludes that congenital diaphragmatic hernia may be prevented through early tracheal occlusions.
Outline:
What is a diaphragmatic hernia?
How do doctors approach diaphragmatic hernias today as opposed to ten years ago?
Are the surgical procedures different than other hernias?
What kind of complication can newborns have from this problem?
Can a diaphragmatic hernia be detected through any mean of modern testing during pregnancy?
Can a diaphragmatic hernia be prevented?
From the Paper
"Diaphragmatic hernia can be diagnosed before twenty five weeks of pregnancy. The diagnostic result during prenatal period will depend on the efficiency of ultrasonography techniques used. A rate 2 ultrasonography will show polyhydramnios and the non appearance of intra abdominal gastric air bubbles, hydrops fetalis and mediastinal shift. The Ultrasonography also explains the formation of hernia in a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (Lewis; Glick; Minkes, 2006) The huge quantity of amniotic fluid in pregnant women assists the assessment of contents in the cavity of chest in a fetus through ultrasound. Ultrasound can check for unusual movements in the chest, sense regularity in the breath of the child, abdomen related sound in chest and the absence of enough contents in the abdomen."
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Living Long and Well, 2008.
This paper explains the role of senior centers in promoting a long and healthy life.
887 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how vital it is for senior citizens to promote their physical and mental health. The paper discusses how senior centers can promote more optimistic attitudes about aging and can encourage the maintenance of physically beneficial practices like exercise and moderate diets. The paper stresses that living long and aging well is not simply knowing what to do, but having the psychological motivation and community support to do so.
From the Paper
"The quest for the fountain of youth and longevity has existed since time immemorial. However, only recently have scientists and anthropologists derived more effective methods to empirically study what enables certain people to live longer than others. A recent study of men over the ago of ninety, according to The New York Times, suggests that the secrets of living longer may simply be due to very simple good health practices. "Living past ninety, and living well, may be more than a matter of good genes and good luck. Five behaviors in elderly men are associated not only with living into extreme old age, a new study has found, but also with good health and independent functioning.""
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Surrogated Motherhood, 2008.
This paper looks at whether surrogate motherhood should be either banned or regulated by law.
4,042 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 165.95
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Abstract
This paper mainly discusses in- vitro fertilization and surrogate pregnancies that are contracted, in which case the surrogate mother is usually a contracted person, with no link to the donors. In the case of contracted surrogate pregnancies, there is no way to judge the health of the surrogate mother and no regulation to see that the medical fraternity does not use the persons who are infected by diseases that could be passed to the infant. This paper affirms that laws must therefore be passed in such a manner that voluntary surrogate mothers are screened, identified and certified in such a manner that the resultant infant is not traumatized by diseases. The donors must be similarly screened. Furthermore, this paper looks at the idea of commercialization, within surrogate pregnancies. Namely it discusses the free market and the prostitution model. While some surrogate mothers do agree for altruistic reasons, where there is a demand, there will be a commercial supply. Since such children are at risk of being abandoned and neglected by the surrogate mother as well as by the donors, it is considered to be the duty of the state to enact laws to make sure that the donors, the surrogate mother and the genetic material are all fine to prevent deformities. In cases where such deformities do occur, the law must make the donor parents responsible for the child. Also, this paper asserts that there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood.
Outline:
Introduction
The Definition of Surrogate Motherhood
Adoption, Surrogate Motherhood - The Contrasts and Commonalities
The Arguments Favoring Regulation and Ban
The Arguments Against the Ban
Legal Problems
The Legal Controls Ought to be Set
Current Global Situation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is well if the resultant child is perfect what is the case if the child is born with deformities? What if it is liability? The management and care of such babies have legal moral and ethical implications. What is the relationship between the woman and the child in such cases at childbirth? For example the simple case of a low weight baby and in the case of mentally and physically challenged babies born to surrogate mothers, what will be the position and who shoulders the painful task? In the United States the Federal Government intervenes. In the UK the problem is ignored or the issue is glossed over. (Lee; Morgan, 1990) Judges have been sentencing mothers for not caring for the children in the womb. There have been cases of sentences handed down to mothers who consumed drugs and passed it on to the baby in the womb. Fetal neglect is now culpable. This shows that the state is concerned more and more with the unborn child and its welfare. The issue of in vitro fertilization and the knowledge of in genital illnesses are changing the perceptions of the society and the prevailing values are being modified. (Blank, 1992)
"The commoditization of sexuality has brought in the prospect of baby selling and prostitution. Poor women and even affluent ones are not above selling babies in the black market. The baby for sale has all its features added up to its price. The better suited ones getting the better price. The participants tend to market the baby in the fashion of a commodity and that is where the question of the babies with deformities and their fate steps in. There is likely to be more feticide and infanticide. The issue of 'Baby selling' drags down humanity considerations. (Warren, 1991) Originally surrogate mother hood was not a baby selling proposition. Yet today it has assumed the features of baby selling. Just as prohibition of payment exists for adoption, there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood. The courts sometimes have applied the baby sale acts to bar surrogate motherhood."
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Kidney Trafficking, 2008.
A discussion of the illegal trafficking of kidneys around the world.
2,215 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case against Dr. Horror-Amit Kumar, the alleged mastermind of a shocking and reportedly expansive kidney trafficking ring, which has raised eyebrows in Canada, Europe, the United States, India and in civilized societies around the world. The paper explains that a clandestine, crime-syndicate-driven network of doctors have been providing stolen kidneys to wealthy people in India and other venues. The paper claims that this is an outrageously unethical and illegal violation of values and human rights. It argues for a world-wide cooperative strategy, run through the United Nations, the World Health Organization, or other respected international agencies, that will address the best way to get needed organs to people regardless of their ability to pay. The paper concludes that this issue has not received serious attention because Western nations are preoccupied with fighting terrorism.
From the Paper
"These illegally harvested kidneys were believed to have been transplanted into "more than 500 kidneys into foreign and well-paying Indian patients." Where did Kumar and his colleagues get those kidneys? The Star claims that Kumar made a "desperate attempt to bribe Nepalese police" when they arrested him in his hotel room in southern Nepal. Reportedly, Kumar offered police "2 million rupees" if they would let him go. They refused.
"Moreover, reports in the Star indicate that Kumar "and his network forcibly removed kidneys from more than 500 poor laborers over a period of nine years." One of those men was an Indian laborer named Shakeel Ahmad, according to the Star (February 10, 2008), who stood on the side of the main road to Delhi as he always did, waiting for someone to pick him up and offer him a job digging ditches or hauling heavy materials."
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Cerebral Vascular Incidents, 2008.
Reviews several articles regarding the importance of education to cerebral vascular incident (CVA) patients and their families.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews several articles in medical databases that were located, read and compared in order to determine the importance of education to cerebral vascular incident (CVA) patients and their families. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the articles reviewed and concludes that additional studies must be performed to clarify what type of education and to what group and whether this education does anything more than inform.
From the Paper
"A cerebral vascular accident (CVA), or commonly known as a stroke, impact approximately 500,000 individuals in the United States each year. According to the Encyclopedia of Aging (Scherer, 1982), a stroke occurs with a neurologic deficit from a disruption of vascular function. This may be the result of a partial or total blockage of blood vessels to the brain by a hemorrhage or blood clot. In the U.S., 50 percent of those suffering their first stroke are 70 or older; most are males. The most at risk for a stroke are those individuals with transient or mild neurologic events, a cardiac disease that predisposes them to embolism, and asymptomatic with a carotid bruit that indicates a blockage. Those who have experienced transient ischemic attacks, or indications of cerebrovascular disease, also have a high risk for stroke."
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Embryo Donation, 2008.
A look at the subject of embryo donation.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of embryo donation, which is related to a number of moral, legal, psychological and social implications. The paper relates that, in spite of these implications, embryo donation is, nevertheless, the only solution to incapability of producing cells in a few patients. This paper then sums up the symptoms for embryo donation as well as the process and contemplation in preparing both the donors and the recipients.
From the Paper
"Embryo donation is examined to be a sort of third party reproduction. In vitro fertilisation frequently results in a number of frozen, unused embryos after the woman for whom they were originally created has successfully supported one or more pregnancies to term. In embryo donation, these additional embryos are provided to other couples or women with the aim of causing a successful pregnancy. The child produced after following this entire process is supposed to be the child of the woman who takes it and gives birth, and not the child of the donor, the same as happens with egg donation or sperm donation."
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Different Types of Fingernail Fungus, 2008.
This paper looks at different types of fingernail fungus and discusses causes and treatments.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that fingernails and toenails, just like any body part, are susceptible to fungal infections. This disease is called onychomycosis. The writer points out that it may involve any part of the nail, including the nail matrix, nail bed or nail plate. This is not merely a cosmetic problem; it also causes emotional, mental and occupational distress. The writer notes that it may cause pain and discomfort, limiting a person from doing his daily activities. This disease may even be a source of embarrassment to the patient at work and in social situations. Adults are most often affected by this disease, and it is rare among children. The writer concludes that taking good care of one's nails is not only for aesthetic purposes, but for the maintenance of a good life.
From the Paper
"The sample is obtained depending on the type of onychomycosis. In a distal lateral subungual onychomycosis, the sample must be obtained from the site most proximal to the cuticle. In the proximal subungual type, the sample must be taken from the proximal nail bed. The presence of hyphae strongly suggests a fungal infection. A fungal culture in Saboraud's culture agar may also be used to specifically identify the specific etiologic agent. Cultures should be obtained from pulverized nail scrapings while the patient is abstained from antifungal medication for 2 weeks. Other tests include immunohistochemistry and cytometry. Histologic examination of the nail can also be used. It will help in differentiating fungal onychomycosis from other systemic diseases that may appear as a nail disease such as psoriasis.
"Medical treatment is through topical antifungals or oral therapy. Topical antifungals such as amorolfine, ciclopirox olamine 8% nail lacquer solution, propylene glycol-urea-lactic acid, and imidazoles may be used."
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