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Urinary Incontinence and Prompted Voiding, 2008.
A discussion of the issue of urinary incontinence and ways to implement the disorder's most effective medical intervention, prompted voiding.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how urinary incontinence is acquiring greater pertinence with an aging population. While there are a number of potential interventions that address the problem, most are ineffective, impractical or costly. The most effective intervention for urinary incontinence is prompted voiding which is used inconsistently in some Ontario health care facilities. The paper suggests that in order to implement prompted voiding uniformly, a program of education and organizational support is essential.
From the Paper
"Urinary incontinence is never to be considered a normal aspect of aging (Shultz, 2004). This condition impacts not only on the patient's physical condition but also on their other domains and on quality of life. Urinary continence is prevalent among all the elderly and is costly to the health care system in materials such as incontinent pads (Gross, 2003). Urinary incontinence is a significant factor in the institutionalization of elderly family members, and more than 50 percent of all nursing home residents are incontinent of urine (RNAO, 2005). Elderly males are at higher risk for developing urinary incontinence than women, but 20 percent of women over age 40 develop urinary incontinence (Thakar & Stanton, 2000). Among incontinent women, 30 percent have an overactive bladder (Thakar & Stanton, 2000)."
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The Meaning of Suffering, 2008.
This paper explains Margaret Newman's theory of understanding health and illness.
718 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how Margaret Newman's theory provides a way of answering the question about suffering and meaning. The paper discusses how patients have to understand the meaning in their healing experience by comprehending the patterns and processes that are linked with the larger world. The paper shows how Newman's theory is especially useful with patients who have to come to terms with illnesses such as multiple sclerosis or Spina Bifida.
Outline:
Introduction
Experience
Reflection
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"I once met a patient who had such painful arthritis that she needed to be set to the psychiatric unit for evaluation. Mrs. B was in so much pain that she was very depressed that the staff members were afraid she would harm herself. She was asking why this was happening to her, and saying that she could not take it anymore. No staff member was capable of responding to her question and comment. The experience made me realize that we see patients suffering all the time. What can be said to Mrs. B or to any patient who is going through enormous physical, emotional or spiritual suffering?"
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The Concept of Grief, 2008.
An analysis of the concept of grief as it applies to the practice of nursing, including model, contrary, related and borderline cases.
3,280 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the issue of grief as a concept that is significant to the practice of nursing. It explores the intricacies of grief in order to understand the scope of its impact to the field of nursing and health care in general. The paper provides model, contrary, related and borderline cases that relate to grief. It then looks at the social context of grief and then provides an operational definition of the context.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Assumptions
Literature Review
Defining Attributes
Model, Contrary, Related and Borderline Cases
Social Contexts and Values
Theoretical Definition
Operational Definition of the Concept
Empirical Referents
Measurement Tool
Application to Nursing Practice
Application to Nursing Research
From the Paper
"The concept of grief can be applied to nursing practice through an understanding of the individual patient and the time that is taken to comprehend all of the factors that impact the patient's life. The issue of quality care should be considered in relation to the concept of grief because the patient that is undergoing the grief process may not be forthcoming with the information, nor be aware that the physical symptoms that are evident are associated with physical illness. Therefore, the nurse that is capable of taking the necessary time to discover information about the patient in terms of current life situations, events that have impacted his or her living and emotional barriers to good health that may exist, will uncover the potential for grief to be a factor in the health concerns of the patient. When this occurs that patient can then be assisted in a manner that is positive and that will lead to successful outcomes for the individual."
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Orlando's Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses Orlando's theory of nursing.
712 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the value of Orlando's theory is that it teaches and reminds the nurse to read patient behaviors, whether they are verbal or nonverbal. The paper discusses how the patient is always at the center in Orlando's theory.The paper shows why this theory is perfect for male nurses.
Outline:
Introduction
Experience
Reflection
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Orlando's theory helped me to reflect on and gain insights into a disturbing experience with a patient. Mr. N. had rheumatoid arthritis which was entering an advanced stage. As I was doing his morning care, I sensed he was upset. This was my third time caring for him and I suspected he was frustrated with losing control over his life. When I laid his hair brush on the bedside table, the situation came to a head. He began to sob and stated that it was not placed exactly as it had been. I asked him if he felt his disease was taking over his life. When I shared with him, my suspicion was confirmed and it was like floodgates had been opened."
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), 2007.
This paper discuses acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a complex and changing syndrome of diseases.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that nurses can very effectively contribute to the well-being and quality of life for people with AIDS. The author points out that, to be at risk for AIDS, the person first must be at risk for HIV infection or be HIV+. The paper stresses that individuals who have unprotected sex with multiple partners and any substance abusers especially injection drug users are at risk. The author relates that the symptoms of AIDS normally result from HIV infection but also can develop as a result of associated infections and the side effects of medication. The paper underscores that the assessment of the patient with AIDS must include all domains including psychological and spiritual aspects. The author concludes that, once the symptoms are identified, they can be effectively managed so that well-being, functional status and compliance with therapy is enhanced thus increasing the patient's chances for survival.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Population at Risk
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
What Would You Assess?
Abnormal Results Indicating AIDS
Common Diagnostic Tests and Result Confirming Aids
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The screening test for HIV is the HIV ELISA or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test. This test comprises an antibody detection process assay that, if positive, must be repeated. The test will deliver false positive results under certain conditions as when the patient has had a recent vaccination or has other viral infections. When results are positive, the ELISA test is repeated and confirmed by using a Western Blot test. The HIV ELISA and Western Blot tests, when performed in combination, are marked by 99 percent sensitivity and specificity for detecting the HIV virus."
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Goal Setting Theory, 2008.
A review of Imogene King's model and theory in terms of the interactions between nurse and patient and patient goal setting.
712 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the interactions between nurse and patient and how it leads to transactions which result in goal attainment. It then looks at how mutual goal setting and goal attainment leads to enhanced growth and development for the client. It discusses the interrelated concepts related to goal setting including perception, communication, role, stress and transactions. The paper particularly focuses on Imogene King's model as a framework for assessing and maintaining the social system which assists patients to achieve their stated goals.
From the Paper
"Goal setting removes emphasis from the biomedical model and disease-driven concepts and leads to a more comprehensive perspective which is also patient centered. The theorist King provided the conceptual approaches; Roy and Andrews studied the applicability of those approaches; and Kemp and Richardson studied the use of goals in the nursing process. A hierarchy of behavioral goals was also established to determine behavioral goals that relate to physiological, self-concept, role and inter-dependence issues. In the nurse-patient interaction behavioral goals are crucial (Lawler & Dowswell, 1999). The patient is to derive just as much satisfaction from goal achievement and progress as the nurse."
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Alcohol and Drug Treatment, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of Chicago area drug and alcohol addiction programs.
1,962 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that comparing and contrasting drug and alcohol treatment programs available in the Chicago metro area indicates that the programs offered by New Hope Recovery Center at Lincoln Park Hospital, by Hazelden, and by Haymarket are similar in many ways in terms of the quality of their services, their program focus and treatment approaches. But, the writer points out, these programs also vary. The writer maintains that the primary differences are the degree of emphasis these respective facilities place on the psychological aspects of addiction and recovery, and the economic levels of their respective clients. The writer concludes that although drug and alcohol problems plague men and women at every economic and social level
of society, people at the lowest income levels are more vulnerable to drug or alcohol addiction and are less likely to seek treatment and recover because they simply cannot afford the most effective treatment and counseling.
From the Paper
"Although everyone agrees that drug and alcohol abuse and addiction are harmful, both for American society as a whole and for the individuals and their families who are struggling to deal with addiction and co-dependency, there is much disagreement over what types of treatment are most effective, what factors contribute the most to drug or alcohol abuse, how society should deal with it, what legal measures should be taken, and what can be done in terms of providing effective medical and psychological treatment for those who are addicted."
"Unfortunately, the effectiveness of treatment programs often depends upon the income level of the client. Since addiction has psychological causes, the quality of counseling is a very important factor in determining whether a client can maintain long-term recovery, and the quality of counseling is directly related to the cost of counseling. The best psychiatric therapy is the most expensive, so it is often the case that the clients most able to pay for high quality counseling are the ones most likely to overcome their abuse or addiction problems."
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A Case Study: Fatigue, 2008.
This paper examines a case study of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM).
714 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at a personal and informal account of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and of fibromyalgia (FM). The paper discusses how CFS and FM are similar conditions since both involve pain and fatigue and also result in misunderstanding from outsiders. The paper shows how the individual's account of her and her husband's illness agrees with the literature.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion of CFS
Critical Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Based on Zona's account, CFS means total exhaustion and complete lack of energy. She can accomplish just a little at a time and must be careful of her limits. She experiences many aches and pains as well as spasms which cause insomnia. She has numerous allergies especially to medications. Food also is a problem for allergies. She feels as though her brain is fogged and she is difficulties concentrating. She also has problems with vision and refocusing. Dry throat and acid burn are other problems. She does not experience the same set of symptoms each day. Sometimes her symptoms are similar to a panic attack."
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The Nurse Practitioner, 2008.
This paper identifies the role and issues relating to a nurse practitioner.
722 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper highlights the need for nurse practitioners but points to a number of obstacles facing this role, such as out-dated policies, legislation and fee-for-service structures. The paper discusses how the general public and the government lack understanding of what the term nurse practitioner actually means, causing nurse practitioners to confront issues of identity, status and legitimacy. The paper concludes that one of the most essential needs is a common curriculum in education that will prepare nurse practitioners for practice.
From the Paper
"The role of the nurse practitioner is extremely important to nursing because it expands the scope of practice and opens new opportunities for meeting the needs of a changing health care system (CNO, 2005). Nurse practitioners work in many settings such as pediatric or family care, and specialize in illnesses such as AIDS. Melnechencko (2006) discusses the advanced practice role of the nurse practitioner in the field of acute geriatrics. She maintains that the nurse practitioner is a skilled nursing clinician as well as a practice leader who is capable of creating a significant impact on care in a wide variety of settings."
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Nutritional Needs for Preschool Children, 2008.
This paper is a review of literature that seeks to clarify nutritional needs for preschool children as required by parents.
2,795 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while much is known about appropriate nutritional needs for infants and for children and adolescents, preschoolers are a demographic that is generally understudied in the nutritional literature. The author points out that nutrition for preschoolers is determined by the physiology of the child, the degree of activity expressed by the child and the context in which consumption of food occurs. The paper stresses that many of the rules of thumb that govern dietary habits for adults do not work in respect to preschoolers especially in the area of fat consumption. The author relates that preschoolers are predisposed towards diets that are high in fiber, such as grains and vegetables. The paper suggests that parents, who want to improve their children's nutritional health, should look to organic products.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nutritional Needs for Preschoolers
Nutritional Determination and Preschoolers
Nutritional Environment and Preschoolers
Possible Threats to Appropriate Nutrition for Preschoolers
Summary: Recommendations for Parents of Preschoolers
From the Paper
"The National Agriculture Library indicates that most preschool children require a balanced diet from the "five food groups". These five food groups consist of grains, fruits and vegetables, meats, dairy, and foods with high fat and sugar content. In diet recommendations for preschoolers, the grains and vegetables are fundamental components. These diet recommendations are made with the exclusion of fruit: fruits contain high levels of natural sugar and should be minimized. This is likewise true for juice consumption, which also has a high level of sugar in it."
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A Diabetic Patient, 2008.
This paper is an interview of a diabetic patient and her family by a nurse and an evaluation of the implications and treatment of this chronic disease.
2,545 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the objective of both the interview and the assessment is to gain knowledge so that the patient and family learn what resources and choices they have in order to achieve greater control over the patient's chronic illness, diabetes. The author points out that the sudden development of the patient's diabetes without any warning symptoms combined with the sudden complication she faces, underscore that type 2 diabetes is one of the most complicated illnesses that health care providers encounter in primary care. The paper stresses that seeing the illness from the family's perspective ensures that the needs and concerns are identified properly and are given the right priority. The author believes that she needs to work on her communication skills to elicit illness narratives because the quality of information depends on effective communication.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Interview with Mr. and Mrs. Banar
Family Feedback
Analysis of Perceptions and Impact of Chronic Illness
The Canadian Diabetes Association
Author's Reaction to Interview
Appendix: Family Assessment
Appendix: Confidentiality Agreement
From the Paper
"It is not only the physical aspects of diabetes that create an impact. Psychosocial factors also play a very important role in the family management of diabetes. Diabetes can be difficult to manage in families because any negative psychosocial functioning in the family will affect adherence to the regimen along with glycemic control. In order to achieve control over diabetes, it is not just the patient but the involvement of the entire family that is needed. It can be observed that Mrs. Banar is supported by his wife, and this family further is supported by members of the extended family."
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Grounded Theory, 2008.
This paper discuses grounded theory, which is one method of qualitative research and a form of field research, and applies this approach to the field of nursing.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the outstanding feature of grounded theory is that researchers never begin with a theory but identify various constructs in the data generated by the study. The author points out that underlying grounded theory is the sociological perspective of symbolic interactionism. The paper defines the theory of symbolic interationism stating that the way people behave and interact is determined by the way they impose their meanings and interpret the symbolism they encounter in their lives. The author relates that grounded theory is of great value to nursing research because it can be empirically tested. The paper reports that grounded theory has been used effectively to investigate issues relating to the nursing profession such as nursing education, practice and administration.
From the Paper
"Any concepts and variables that emerge are then interrelated by using core variables. Core variables are extremely important as the discovery of a core variable is the whole purpose of grounded theory. The core variable is what gives meaning to the central theme and also explains what is taking place with the data. The core variable also is the central concept for the sake of theory generation and the entire value of the theory depends on that core variable. There are six features associated with the core variable."
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Abusing Nurses, 2008.
This paper explores the issue of nurse abuse and discusses the solutions.
2,203 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses how nurses experience intimidation, violence and harassment in the workplace. The paper relates that research indicates that the most effective means for eradicating bullying is through the use of multiple strategies. The paper looks at how a health care organization needs to enforce a clear policy of zero tolerance for any kind of abuse and to develop clear procedures for reporting, investigating and following up every incident. The paper also talks about the need for a health care organization to provide access to information that will increase staff awareness and aid effective communication.
Outline:
Introduction
Context
Violence and the Nursing Environment
Solutions
Evaluation of the Options
From the Paper
"Nurses experience intimidation, violence, and harassment in the workplace on such a scale that the problem is international in scope. Bullying or intimidation and aggression can come from many sources including the nurse's supervisor, but the most common form is from co-workers (Jackson, 2002; CNO, 2005). Whereas nurses would expect aggressive behaviour on a psychiatric unit or in emergency, nurses who work in general medical, surgical and high dependency areas also experience high levels of aggression from other nurses (O'Connell & Young, 2000). Aggression assumes many forms, a major one being intimidation which is synonymous with bullying. Bullying can be undetected for long periods because of the silent agreement of other nurses as well as the strategies used by the abuser. Research indicates that the most effective means for eradicating bullying is through the use of multiple strategies."
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Healthcare in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses why healthcare has become an important issue for Canadians.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that the issue of health care in Canada is an important one for debate because the country operates a health care system that is unique, particularly in comparison with systems of other developed countries. The writer points out that Canada's one-tier system based on publicly funded health care is in stark odds to the two-tier system (of both public and private health care) common to other advantaged countries, such as the United States and Australia. The writer maintains that this in itself has caused contention amongst Canadian proponents for system change even though a number of other issues also play a role in debating the validity and importance of Canada's healthcare system.
From the Paper
"Canada is unusual in that its health care system is wholly publicly funded, whilst the health care services are actually provided by private bodies. Healthcare is a hot issue in Canada, however; although the system appears to be a public one from the outside it is not in reality always so. In Canada, the health care system is paid for primarily by the government; however, at the other end of the spectrum, the government contributes so little to prescription drugs costs, and dental care, which is notoriously expensive.
"It is prudent for governments, researchers, critics and citizens to compare public national systems to those of other countries, not only as a basis for comparison but also in order to establish benefits of altering the existing system, if any positive changes are identified."
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A Two-Tier System of Health Care, 2008.
This paper explains why a two-tier health care system will impact the quality of healthcare provided to the less fortunate.
853 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the drawbacks of the two-tier health care system and uses Australia as an example to show how the introduction of a two-tier system was detrimental to the country's health care industry. The paper explains that in a two-tier health care system, resources and precedence is given to those who have paid for private healthcare. The paper explains how it is inevitable that two-tier health care systems benefit the rich at the expense of the poor and points to America as a perfect example of this. The paper concludes that Canada should retain its one-tier system if it wants to maintain health care privileges for all and not just some citizens.
From the Paper
"A two-tier health care system is a national form that is in place in a number of countries. The two tiers are: 1. the public health care system (which is generally guaranteed for all citizens) and 2. the private health care system. The latter typically is expensive and offers shorter service queues alongside "better" treatment for recipients. The problem with a two-tier system of health care is thus that the public system may not be able to provide adequate healthcare to the less fortunate, as resources and precedence is given to those who have paid for private healthcare."
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Mental Health and Stigma, 2008.
This paper looks at the effects of stigma as it relates to mental illness.
1,513 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the stigma attached to mental illness is found everywhere including the health care system. Stigma can be defined as attitudes, feelings and behaviors that cause a negative view towards individuals or groups. The writer maintains that such attitudes and behaviors are based on stereotyping and false notions such as the view that the mentally ill are always violent. The writer argues that stigma not only destroys self-esteem and limits opportunities for the person with a mental illness such as schizophrenia, but is a major barrier to recovery. The most serious effect of stigma is social isolation; stigma condemns the mentally ill to isolation and feelings of shame. The writer notes that stigma is so prevalent and embedded in society that it is almost impossible to eradicate, but there are strategies that can be effective.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Need
Objectives
Methods
Evaluation
From the Paper
"The mentally ill person is not able to participate like other people in society because stigma results in the mentally ill person having diminished social status. Schumacher, Corrigan and Dejong explain how stigma related to mental illness is based on three main cues consisting of bizarre behavior, poor social skills, and little physical attractiveness. Stigma also results in discrimination on the part of employers and landlords, leaving the mentally ill with few or no opportunities for a normal life. As a result of such discrimination, many of the mentally ill are unemployed and homeless. In contrast to the stigma associated with race or gender, stigma attached to mental illness is based on the cues of labels, bizarre behavior, poor social skills, and physical appearance. Furthermore, the most intense stigma is a reaction to bizarre behavior and perceived strangeness.
"Research studies have indicated that the most effective way to eradicate stigma is through developing contact between healthy individuals and the mentally ill person."
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