| Papers [305-320] of 7725 :: [Page 20 of 483] | | Go to page : <— 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 —> | |
|
|
Local Food and Health, 2008.
This paper explores the importance of local food systems to human health.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 58.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper examines the role of corporate entities in food production and distribution. The paper argues that we cannot discuss the human health aspects of local food production without critically addressing how the corporatization of food production and distribution has introduced numerous destabilizing health vectors in our food systems. The paper then shows how local food production is undeniably healthier than global food production and distribution.
From the Paper
"These "chemical stews" impact human bodies in numerous, and often unexpected, ways. Consider, for example, the contemporary health controversy over the excess use of antibiotics which - because of their widespread presence in the human population - have been losing their valuable potential as disease-fighting tools of our medical system. Studies have found that as much as 70 percent of the antibiotics present in our bodies today is present not from personal usage but indirectly through the consumption of animals who themselves have been excessively treated with antibiotics (Larsen 2007, p.21)."
| |
|
Nursing, Physical Inactivity Intervention, 2008.
A review of the growing issue of physical inactivity and its effects.
1,608 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 65.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the growing issue of physical inactivity in relation to the increase in related diseases. The writer looks at various studies and how patients can be behaviorally influenced by specifically targeted interventions that address health issues and help them realize that they can actively take part in re-orienting themselves around healthy lifestyles.
Outline:
Epidemiology of physical inactivity
Review of interventions from the literature
Implications for advanced practice nurses
From the Paper
"It is not hard to see the crucial role of physical activity in any individual's lifestyle. The prevalence of physical inactivity has been indirectly linked to mortalities associated with the aforementioned diseases. In the case of overweight and obesity, in 2001, the Surgeon General asserted the urgency of addressing overweight and obesity's cause: excess calorie accumulation and/or physical inactivity (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). In 2005, overweight and obesity in the U.S. reached a prevalence rate of 60.5% and 23.9%, respectively (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2006). Even more alarming, this prevalence has significantly increased within 1995-2005 across all states (p < 0.01), in spite of a decrease in prevalence of obesity <20% in 28 states from 1995-2000 (CDC, 2006).
"A typical profile of a high-risk family group is generally one that endorses a sedentary lifestyle. Children as early as 3 to 4 years of age and adolescents in particular, are at high risk for adapting behaviors that promote physical inactivity and often carry these behaviors into adulthood (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). Risks for decreased physical inactivity include watching television for 4 or more hours daily, physical activity during less than half the total time allocated to physical education classes, lack of at least 30 minutes of moderate and regular physical activity daily either as part of a particular setting (work, home, school, leisure), conditions that prevent carrying out a physical activity regimen, and an environment that is not conducive to safe physical activity (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000)."
| |
|
The E-Coli Bacillus, 2008.
This paper discuses the e-coli bacillus, which has been responsible for a profusion of e-coli outbreaks in recent years.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the e-coli bacillus is a microbe about which much is known but has defied efforts to stamp out its unpleasant impact upon human health. The author points out that these extraordinarily tiny cells are invisible to the naked human eye and can accumulate in vast quantities in food preparation areas without individuals being aware of them. The paper relates that e-coli cells are prokaryotic and distinguished by a single, circular chromosome; such cells also contain DNA as plasmids. The author states that, in simple cases of e-coli poisoning, rehydration is essential; however, there is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of the disease and/or expedite recovery and anti-diarrheal agents are strongly discouraged. The paper concludes that this tiny "bug" certainly seems resilient enough to cause human beings misery for some time to come.
From the Paper
"The living environment and the reproductive process of the e-coli cell are also interesting. Simply put, e-coli most commonly flourish in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. In terms of reproduction, the process is simply one of binary fission, with the circular DNA chromosome replicated. The cell splits into two identical cells with each cell having the same DNA; it should be pointed out that, during the fission process, the identical chromosomal material attaches itself to different parts of the cell membrane so that "replicate" material is firmly anchored where it needs to be when the cell begins to pull apart and halve."
| |
|
The Effects of Nursing Shortages, 2008.
A paper highlighting the nursing shortage in hospital emergency rooms.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 61.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper describes the nursing shortage in the United States and elsewhere, and reviews literature pertaining to the underlying factors behind it. The author also explains how this impacts on the emergency department setting and provides some solutions as to how this factor could be overcome.
From the Paper
"The nursing shortage in the United States and elsewhere is not a new phenomenon. This shortage can be traced to several factors, including those pertaining to personal and financial equity, the presence of more lucrative career options, high attrition rates of new graduates and personal satisfaction. With the coming realization that the health care infrastructure of the Unites States is less than satisfactory and more and more in danger of collapse as the "baby boomer" generation retires, health care professionals, particularly nurses, face an even bigger dilemma.
"Veteran" nurses in an emergency department setting are invaluable members of this particular department, particularly due to their clinical expertise and knowledge of department operations. They are the long-term staff that man, administer and manage the department even as other transient health care staff such as physicians-in-training come and go, they are indispensable repositories of operational knowledge changed and refined over the years to serve the community within which the hospital is based. While global turnover rates for nurses remain higher than other professions, those that choose to remain within the emergency department have a responsibility to pass on their knowledge to novices working within their department, regardless of profession. Nurses with substantial clinical experience in the same setting for years on end often set standards upon newer staff. These are important when one considers the relatively fast-paced tempo of any given emergency department. Acute patient cases are triaged, seen and examined, assessed, immediately treated, worked up for more diagnostics and discharged or admitted for observation with the intended goal of seeing all consults and giving them a definite disposition. An emergency care unit accomplishes this by ensuring a constant flow of patients in and out of its domain in order to be prepared for more urgent cases. The multiple roles of emergency department nurses, while demanding and at times stressful and complex, require staff that has acquired experience in this field as well as operational experience unique to the department."
| |
|
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, 2008.
This paper explores lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the damage it causes to the central nervous system.
1,664 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper examines the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the central nervous system and focuses on the body of research about the link between its interaction with serotonin receptors and the onset of hallucinations. The paper discusses how although one receptor in particular is believed to be the key, the lack of research on the subject in general precludes a definitive determination at this time.
From the Paper
"Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) causes hallucinations and detachment from reality. Since neuro psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia present very similar symptoms, these profound if episodic perceptual distortions can be viewed as symptoms of temporary damage to the Central Nervous System. Serotonin receptor activation has long been thought be directly affected by LSD, yet after 30 plus years of research, the precise mechanism by which LSD bonds with which of several serotonin receptors, remains a matter of conjecture."
| |
|
The Black Plague, 2008.
This paper looks at the history of the Black Plague.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that throughout history the Black Plague has emerged in some societies and then laid dormant, only to become active again, killing massive numbers of populations. The writer points out that primarily carried by rats and the fleas that feed from them, the Black Plague has been cited as existing in a growing number of cases in modern times, although its roots began centuries earlier. The writer notes that there have been several pandemics of the Black Plague, which is the most devastating infection that the world has ever known. The writer maintains that statistics indicate that the Black Plague still exists and is increasing in the numbers of the population that it kills each year. The writer concludes that it is for this reason society, medical science and those that lead nations must begin to act on the plague in order to save millions more within societies today and in the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Beginning of the Plague
Emergence
Affects on Society
How it Spread
Second Mass Occurrence
Origins
Countries it Impacted
Affects on Society
New Types
London
Appearance in London
How it Impacted Society
How it Ended
Modern Society
Existence of the Plague in the 20th Century
Existence of the Plague in Modern Society
Statistics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the 1300s the Black Plague emerged in Asia and quickly spread throughout Europe and once again in Italy. This pandemic was directly related to the trade that existed between these countries, as it followed the waterways that carried goods from one port to another. In this pandemic the plague was capable of taking in excess of 20 million lives and adversely impacted all civilizations that it spread to. This occurred through the inability of farmers to harvest their crops and workers to produce goods that were required to maintain businesses. Bishop contends that the affect of the plague on the populations where it existed included families abandoning their children, physicians refusing to care for patients and the Catholic Church proclaiming massive forgiveness for all who died because of the lack of clergy to hear the confessions of the dead."
| |
|
Sister Callista Roy's Metaparadigm Concepts, 2008.
An analysis of Sister Callista Roy's adaptation model and theories regarding nursing.
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines and interprets the metaparadigm concepts of Sister Callista Roy's adaptation model and theories on nursing. The paper focuses particularly on Roy's definitions of environment, health, nursing, and person. It notes that these definitions are all marked by dynamism, that is, health, person and so on were in process and constant interaction. Analyzing the two paradigms of the totality approach and the simultaneity approach, the author of the paper modifies her own definition of environment in a major way. To conclude, the author recounts how she was able to evaluate and transform her initial definitions of the metaparadigm concepts according to her own reflections on experiences in clinical practice.
Outline:
Introduction
Environment
Health
Nursing
Person
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Roy defines environment in terms of a totality approach because persons are in a relationship to both the internal and external stimuli in the environment that act upon them. Roy's definition of environment is "all conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons or groups" (George, 1985, p. 309). The interaction between the person and the environment is dynamic since the environment stimulates the person so that they make adaptive response to it (Andrews & Roy, 1991). Roy considers the concept of environment from a totality approach since the term environment refers to every internal and external condition, circumstance, and influence which impact on either the development or behavior of people (Parse, 1987). The interaction of the person with the environment is actually an extremely complex process consisting of internal and eternal stimuli which are communicated through a complex feedback system which, in turn, depends on signals from the brain (Roy & Roberts, 1981)."
| |
|
Sleep and Breakfast, 2008.
This paper discusses the importance of sleep and a good breakfast to a healthy life.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 79.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that research shows the value of sleep and the value of a healthy breakfast. For this reason, it is assumed that going to bed early and waking up early in the morning to have breakfast will help one to be healthier. The writer maintains that these actions should be part of any health regimen and can contribute both to physical and mental health, making the individual not only physically healthier but also more mentally alert throughout the day. The writer concludes that the link between adolescent behavior and health later in life is well known now and changing patterns to get more sleep and to eat a good breakfast is thus a step toward long-term health and well-being.
Outline:
Introduction
Sleep
Breakfast
From the Paper
"The human body reacts to a human sleep cycle. At the beginning of the cycle, a brain chemical called serotonin starts the cycle, and this leads to the production of the hormone called melatonin. Soon after melatonin is produced, deep sleep takes place for some 4-5 hours. During this time. hormone is active and helps to regenerate the body. The last 2-3 hours of sleep are much lighter, and this time involves the cycles of the sexual hormones, with cycles that are active about the time the individual is waking. To match these cycles, the individual should be sleeping for some 7-71/2 hours. If the individual gets less sleep than this, then he or she is limiting the time for recovering from the stresses of life, which can add additional stress to the body each day. Also, improper and inadequate sleep does not support the primary hormones active while asleep. Since these hormones are the chemical messengers of the body and are vital to health, improper sleep patterns stress hormones and does not contribute to health."
| |
|
Full Disclosure vs. Anonymous Disclosure, 2008.
This paper compares the value of full disclosure versus anonymous disclosure as exemplified in cases of HIV and child abuse.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that there are benefits and disadvantages for both full and anonymous disclosure, depending on the specific situation. The author points out that disclosure involves certain exclusions and exemptions from the usual principle of confidentiality. The paper relates that, without full disclosure, a person may never obtain the help he need and other individuals may be placed at risk; therefore, full disclosure can be therapeutic and leads to therapy and healing. The author also stresses that anonymous disclosure can be more appropriate because of culture and stigma; however, the risks and dangers can outweigh the benefits. The paper underscores that debate between the use of full or anonymous disclosure requires a careful risk-benefits analysis.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Full Disclosure versus Anonymous Disclosure
HIV and Disclosure
Child Abuse and Disclosure
From the Paper
"The immediate goals then are to have the person use safe sex and ensure that the partner is tested. If the person does not agree to make full disclosure, then this is a situation where the health care provider is exempt from normal principles of confidentiality. The reason is that public health is at risk and other people's lives are being endangered. The process to be followed is to attempt to influence the person to disclose; if attempts at influence fail, then notify the authorities; and, if there is no action on the art of authorities, inform the endangered person of the issue."
| |
|
Patricia Benner's Theory on Nursing, 2007.
An examination of Patricia Benner's theory regarding the evolution of a novice nurse into an expert.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses Patricia Benner's theory on the process by which a novice nurse becomes an expert. The theory has been both widely accepted and criticized since its inception in 1984. The paper examines the theory's approach to the learning process critical to comprehending nursing education. It discusses how nurse students slowly progress not only in terms of information accumulation, compartmentalization, processing and task organization, but also in terms of the changes in how complex and numerous sources of information are interpreted and integrated to provide a holistic picture of a patient's condition and how the patient and his or her environment interact to produce this condition.
From the Paper
"One of the hallmarks of the theory is that each level is built heavily upon the experiences at lower levels (Benner, 1984). For instance, the only usable experiences novices can rely on are textbook knowledge and black-or-white "rules" laid out prior to clinical exposure. Without the benefit of real-life scenarios that are often perplexing to the novice and any given situation's tendency to veer towards "gray areas," a novice will be very limited to routine task performance with little analysis. A step up from a novice, an advanced beginner may be able to perform simple emergency department tasks such as triaging of simple, straightforward cases and recognizing normal variability in vital signs in common clinical scenarios, although atypical settings (e.g. relative bradycardia in typhoid fever) may be misleading. Competent nurses utilize substantial analytical and critical thinking effort in order to assess multiple relevant elements in a patient's condition and arrive at plans that possess both short- and long-term goals."
| |
|
Health and Safety for Nurses in Home Health Care, 2008.
A discussion of health and safety issues for nurses who work with home health care agencies.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper takes a look at the situation of nurses in home health care, who regularly work in isolation without the benefit of peers or essential supports, unlike nurses in hospitals, which have the benefit of safety and security measures provided by the institution. The paper points out that home health care nurses are predominately female and are subject to high physical and psychosocial demands. Furthermore, many of these nurses work in isolated rural settings, making them more prone to physical assault, sexual assault and various forms of workplace violence, as well as personal injury related to heavy lifting. The paper argues that the most important point about health and safety issues is that they impact of the care the client receives. To conclude, the paper maintains that the goal for all home health care agencies must be to ensure the safety of both staff and patients, and this may be achieved through employee awareness and in agency commitment to the staff.
From the Paper
"Home health care is a rapidly expanding industry because of such factors as an aging population and decreased hospital stays. With that expansion have come increasing incidents of violence in the workplace. Surveys of nurse reveal that problems related to safety in the home care field have escalated. These problems range form verbal and physical abuse, along with threatening animals to visible weapons and illegal drugs (Sylvester & Reisener, 2002). In addition, nurses in home care very often work in areas where the crime rate is above the national average. All of these issues and concerns create a potential impact on patient care and patient outcomes (Fazzone & Barloon, 2000). When nurses are in continual fear over their safety, this situation is certain to affect the quality of care."
| |
|
Fats and Cholesterol, 2008.
An analysis of the positive benefits of fats and cholesterol in our diet, as well as the harmful aspects of an imbalance of either of them.
1,827 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses fats in the diet of human beings and how they relate to cholesterol. It looks at the reasons why fats are a necessary part of our diet and also looks at the positive aspects of cholesterol. The paper then focuses on physical ailments and disorders that are associated with an imbalance in any of these. Finally, the paper discusses how we can mitigate and reverse the effects of too much fat and how to lead to a healthy diet and lifestyle.
From the Paper
"Fats are a necessary part of our diet. They are necessary for organ function, the protection of the body, and for energy storage and vitamin processing. Cholesterol is also necessary (both HDL and LDL). But, there are a host of physical ailments and disorders that are associated with an imbalance in any of these. Too little fat and the cells fail to function, too much and obesity, CVD and diabetes occur. Too little cholesterol and the body can't transport blood-borne nutrients, too much and the veins get clogged and heart attack and stroke follow. By increasing the amount of Omega-3 fatty acids and reducing saturated and trans-fats, by increasing exercise and taking beneficial supplements where appropriate, it is then possible for people to mitigate and reverse the effects of too much fat, and to lead to a healthy diet and lifestyle."
| |
|
Families' Experiences and Life-Support Withdrawal, 2007.
An examination of families' experiences when deciding to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU).
3,164 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explores the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. It explains that the methodology used consists of a sample of four to five families who are contacted through ICU family conferences in one or two hospitals in which the conferences are concerned with the withholding or withdrawal of life support from a family member. The paper looks at how certain factors may be identified from family members' experiences that help to determine why the decision-making process is subject to wide variation.
The paper also notes that it is expected that certain family members engage in more effective decision making than others and that particular families engage in more effective decision making than other families. The paper highlights the fact that family decisions are rendered easier or more problematic by such variables as the person's prognosis, whether an acute or chronic illness is involved, perceived quality of life, degree of suffering, and the presence of an advance directive. The paper concludes that preparation for death most especially needs to be based in a team approach, and the emphasis should be upon the relationship between nurses and families and that the future needs of the family should be proactively considered once death has occurred.
From the Paper
"Nurses and other healthcare providers normally initiate the discussion that lead to withdrawal of life-support but patients and families make the final decision. The experience of decision making is different for family members when an acute illness is involved from a situation of chronic illness. After a period of denial, families of patients with acute illness or injury can recognize the need for withdrawal of support much more quickly (McHale Wiegand, 2006). Certain behaviors by healthcare providers can increase the level of distress experienced by the patient's family."
| |
|
Nurse Management and Leadership, 2008.
An analysis of the benefits and challenges facing nurse leaders, from a professional point of view.
1,186 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses leadership within the nursing profession. It looks at the benefits associated with nursing leadership as well as the challenges that it poses. The paper also looks at the prominent issue of the nursing shortages and the several external factors that affect the supply of nursing personnel. In addition, the paper discusses the expanded role of the nurse leader and the various styles that a leader will display.
From the Paper
"A mentor is a great influence in the shaping of the present leadership style of the interviewee, acting as a constant guide especially in difficult situations. She also advises budding leaders to establish a relationship with a mentor, staying attuned to the current political healthcare climate and motivating one's self to develop as a leader. Through taking the initiative to identify and improve personal needs, continually evaluate one's performance and being around like-minded leaders with whom one can identify in terms of leadership style are just some of the advice offered."
| |
|
Nutrition and Wound Healing, 2008.
This paper discusses the significant role of nutrition in wound healing.
714 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper explains that wound healing proceeds through three stages, each one with its special nutritional requirements. The paper discusses how problems with wound healing occur primarily because of inadequate nutrition and a lack of vitamins and minerals in the family diet.
From the Paper
"Nutrition plays a significant part in wound healing since it enables optimal healing to occur. Proper nutrition enhances the body's ability to regain its balance. Because of children's susceptibility to wounds, parents need to understand the basic process of wound healing and the role of nutrition in wound care. Wound healing takes place through three interrelated phases: inflammation; the proliferative stage; and a process of remodeling (Leininger, 2002). Each stage of wound healing is marked by different nutritional needs. Problems with wound healing are explained by three main reasons: inadequate nutrition and a diet lacking in vitamins and minerals; infection; and problems with organ function. Leininger (2002) maintains that well-nourished individuals experience rapid and improved wound healing. Parents can promote wound healing by ensuring that their children have adequate and appropriate nutrition made up of appropriate calories and nutrients."
| |
|
Deep Vein Thrombosis, 2008.
This paper analyzes three nursing research articles, using quantitative, qualitative, and systematic designs, seeking the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that Hayes et al. as presented in 'Graduated Compression Stockings: Updating Practice, Improving Compliance' in the 2002 "MedSurg Nursing" used qualitative research based on interviews; however, there was no report of the literature review, research design or description of the participants. The author points out that the article by Sprigg and Gray 'Compression Stockings and the Prevention of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism' from a 2004 "Evidence Based Practice Information Sheets for Health Professionals" described a nested observational design but has problems with validity and reliability and therefore cannot be generalizable to all patients. The paper concludes that the best article is the systematic review by the American Nurses Association 'Graduated Compression Stockings: Prevention of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism is Crucial' in a 2006 "American Journal of Nursing" because the suggestions and recommendations are based directly on the research and are usable.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Qualitative
Quantitative
Systematic Review
Ratings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sprigg and Gray's (2004) study is strong because of its use of confounders such as medications and the effect of other illnesses. The committee was blinded to what patients were wearing stockings. Data were collected three times and consisted of assessing the patient for either adverse or beneficial outcomes. There were no withdrawals but two percent were excluded. The rating would be S (strong). Hayes et al. (2002) supply very little information. The only information is on data collection which was done through interviews."
|
|
|
