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Bipolar Children, 2008.
A descriptive account of the disorder known as bipolar syndrome and its occurrences in children.
2,106 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses bipolar disorder, which is a brain dysfunction marked by extreme changes in mood, energy, thinking and behavior. The paper discusses the onset of symptoms, medical diagnosis and car, age at onset, recurrence, sleep problems and additional behavioral syndromes.
From the Paper
"Second, lack of professional training has resulted in under and misdiagnosis of bipolar youth. Unfortunately, professionals trained during or before the 1990s are likely to have little or no knowledge and training with this illness. Third, changes in diagnostic criteria have led to inaccurate estimates of manic depression. Fourth, developmental variations in symptoms seen across the lifespan and those that overlap with other childhood disorders make it challenging at best for diagnosis. Due to the complexity of co-occurring disorders and the stigma associated with the disease, many professionals are less likely to diagnosis childhood bipolar disorder and more apt to diagnosis comorbid disorders. Fifth, until most recent years, the availability of psychometrically sound assessment approaches and valid research on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions and medications have been limited. "
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Nursing Management, 2008.
A look at what nursing leaders are doing about retention, quality, and safety.
3,428 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how nurses constitute the biggest group for providing healthcare within the healthcare system. Hence, personnel and other workplace matters are very crucial to this group. It looks at how nursing consultation has recognized the urgency for more attention on approaches that deal with generational variations, like recruitment and retention problems associated with work-life balance expectations; full-time engagement; and particular education as well as mentoring requirements that help the changing roles of new nurses into more complex settings.
Outline:
Introduction
Retention
Quality & Safety
From the Paper
"Nurse Leaders who are in charge of multiple units are grossly challenged to sustain the required mix and balance of clinical and business management that is important for retention of staff nurses. With the bulk of health system issues impacting patient care and nursing, the present nurse manager is at the vanguard of attack. Being the department manager, the anticipation of the Nurse Manager is maintaining a profitable and efficient workforce in order to provide quality and feasible patient care. In case of executives to give leadership and direction for nursing unit mangers, it remains important to understand regarding the factors that facilitate retention of nurse manager. Retention has been an important issue among nursing profession. (Parsons; Stonestreet, 2003)"
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"Nursing Theories: A Comparison", 2008.
A discussion of Dorothea Orem's self-care deficit theory and Katharine Kolcaba's comfort theory.
1,831 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the role of a nurse has been redefined to include sub specialties and responsibilities in order to compensate for the shortage of health care professionals. The paper also relates that the very fundamental concepts of nursing, however, still apply to this day. The paper then goes on to discuss the two nursing theories that are at the heart of these concepts: Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory and Katharine Kolcaba's Comfort Theory. The paper states that these two theories have both been ascribed as descriptive of what nursing should be. The paper discusses these two concepts as well as the differences and similarities of both concepts together with the practical application of each of the theories.
From the Paper
"These two theories speak of the fulfilment of certain needs. These needs must be fulfilled to allow a person to survive or overcome a present predicament. Both discuss on finding a solution to that need. A requisite and a discomfort are the same. It speaks of an inadequacy in one's physical, mental, social, or emotional state. Both are described as one of the foundations of nursing. However, it should be pointed out that self-care theory places responsibility on the very person in need to fulfil that deficit. Self-care behaviours are learned through time, or are innate behaviours. Self-care needs are different from a nurse fulfilling these needs. The role of a nurse in this case is to teach a person how to be self-reliant."
Outline:
Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory
Kolcaba's Comfort Theory
Compare and Contrast Theories of Self-care and Comfort
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Stem Cell Research, 2008.
A discussion and analysis of Steven Milloy's article "Ron Reagan Wrong on Stem Cells ".
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a rhetorical analysis of Steven Milloy's article "Ron Reagan Wrong on Stem Cells". The paper explores the motivation behind the article as well as the issues surrounding stem cells research, both as a political issue and a philosophical one. The paper relates that Milloy's basic premise is simply that what Ron Reagan described as a sure-fire cure that would "magically" save the lives of our children and our aging parents was more of a "pipe dream." The paper then states that stem cells research is far from being even in the developmental stages and a cure for debilitating disease is a long way off. The paper also states that Milloy's article hints at the possible moral dilemma that comes from using stem cells from an embryo, resulting in the embryo's destruction, and that of a human life.
From the Paper
"Then why is this issue so contentious? Is seems a no-brainer that any medical advances that will provide such certain cures for disease that researchers have been studying for decades with no hope for a cure in sight would be made possible through research in stem cells. Certainly, every effort should be made to finance such research, irrespective of whether the money comes from tax payer funded government initiatives or from private, for-profit organizations. Milloy debunks the notion that such cures are just a few years away."
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Careers in Community Health, 2008.
A descriptive essay relating the requirements for pursuing a career in the public health sector.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses community health and deals with the promotion of health in the community and states that it is a system to ensure that the community is in a state of well being and has the capacity to live and work. The paper further states that it is society's obligation to create an organized system to maintain health and prevent illness but this encompasses a multitude of sectors. The paper concludes that for a person to pursue a career in public health, it is imperative that he obtains a college degree or attend an undergraduate course that is supplemented with other courses such as biology and mathematics.
From the Paper
"For a person to pursue a career in public health, it is imperative that he obtains a college degree. A person may take any undergraduate course. However, it should be supplemented with other courses such as biology and mathematics, depending on what area of public health that person would like to focus on. A person who wishes to have an edge for career advancement in public health should at least obtain a Masters degree. Having a graduate degree will enable a public health professional to further broaden his knowledge on local, national, and global legislative and social policies; he will be able to apply advance research methods; he will be able to develop multidisciplinary and collaborative strategies for tackling health issues, and he will be able to develop leadership skills necessary for health promotion and disease prevention."
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Crohn's and Disability, 2008.
This paper discusses Crohn's disease as a debilitating disorder.
2,623 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that Crohn's disease is a debilitating bowel disease that has no known cause and very limited treatment options. The writer then discusses symptoms and the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The writer maintains that individual and long-term counseling with an individual who is particularly sensitive to the devastating effects of chronic illness, and specifically "invisible" illnesses as one counselor puts it is the key approach to maintenance counseling for Crohn's disease. The writer concludes that just as the disease is variable in individuals so must the approach to resolving the many issues that are faced by individuals who have it.
From the Paper
"The disease itself is a clear robber of vitality, as the individual does not get the needed nutritional elements to gain weight, and in women mature sexually and potentially menstruate for the first time. The body is placed in position of shock with regard to physical growth and development and if the disease's onset is early enough this can stunt growth for life or completely destroy one's body image, another potential psychological problem. Thompson points out that the age group of typical onset is particularly vulnerable to impatience and therefore may feel devastated by the length of time it takes to elicit treatment results, and restore the body to its normal state, and appearance."
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Hearing Loss and Maternal Bonding, 2008.
This paper researches neonatal hearing loss and its effects on maternal interaction and bonding.
8,753 words (approx. 35.0 pages), 26 sources, APA, AU$ 234.95
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Abstract
The paper evaluates the effects of neonatal hearing loss on the quality of bonding with hearing parents, bonding in general, bonding of parents to special needs children, the interaction of hearing parents with the deaf infants and the psychosocial stressors on parents with special needs children. The paper reviews the procedures surrounding universal newborn hearing screening, its effectiveness and the satisfaction parents feel with currently used hearing screening processes.
Outline:
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS)
False positives
Parent-Child Interaction
Typical Mother/Child Interaction
Attachment
Parental Stress
Methods for Assessing Interaction and Bonding
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Definitions are often helpful before a full literature review is undertaken. For the purposes of this study, we shall consider congenital permanent hearing loss to be defined as impairment > 40 decibels (dB) at the time of screen, relative to the threshold level. This level is considered significant in that hearing loss at this level is associated with greater than average deficit in verbal compared with non-verbal abilities up to 25 intelligence quotient (IQ) points (Yoshinaga-Itano, 1998)."
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Sister Callista Roy, 2008.
This paper discusses the adaptation model of Sister Callista Roy.
1,476 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the adaptation model of Sister Callista Roy classifies and defines human beings as behaving according to a series of adaptive models. The writer notes that the system does not reduce human beings to a series of medical functions, but it embraces the scientific concept of the organism reacting to internal and external stimuli to acknowledge that psychological and sociological, as well as physical influences impact a state of wellness. The writer maintains that despite Roy's vocation as a nun as well as a nurse, in what one might think of as a contemplative life located in the values of another time, Roy's 20th century model is helpful to people living in the modern era because of its emphasis on how to deal with environmental stressors. The writer concludes that whether it is a picture of reality is perhaps less important in that our society sees change and self-concept as critical, and thus this has created a reality that makes the Roy Adaptation Model an effective conceptual model for nurses.
Outline:
Introduction: Classification of Theory, Brief Description, and Continued Relevance
Biography: Education, Preparation and Professional Experience
Theoretical Sources
Major Concepts and Definitions
Major Assumptions
Utilization: Education, Research, and Practice
Evaluation: Simplicity, Generality, and a "Picture of Reality"?
From the Paper
"In Roy's Adaptation Model, health is defined as a state of adaptation that is a result of adapting successfully with stressors. It is part of a process of responding positively to environmental changes and to successful coping with stressors and environmental changes. For example, a healthy person might respond positively to the stressor of going for a run by physically feeling a rush of endorphins and by feeling more energized and limber afterwards. Illness, in contrast, is defined as ineffective coping with stressors, like a patient who falls ill because of a socially imposed need to sleep less to meet a deadline. Both health and illness are not defined in black and white terms, rather both exist on a continuum from death toward adaptation Roy defines the environment in terms of the individual's external surroundings and influences that affect a person's development and adaptation towards a state of health or illness."
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Technology Tradeoffs: The Two Sides of Innovation, 2008.
A discussion of the pros and cons of some medical and technological innovations.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a number of the positive and negative effects of some medical discoveries and technological inventions. The author points out the controversies that have arisen around the innovations that are described. The author concludes that it is necessary to be aware of the problems and risks as well as of the advantages that accompany innovative science and technology.
From the Paper
"In a short decade, the Internet has transformed the world. Evolving global communication goes hand-in-hand with the growth and complexity of technology. As new innovations are continually being invented, improved and integrated with other products, they are enabling new modes of interaction. Where people primarily communicated by telephone, now they readily go online for e-mailing, instant messaging, teleconferences, and videoconferences. The Internet is connecting remote places throughout the world and spreading information, education and entertainment to people of all ages and backgrounds."
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Cardiovascular Disease and Low Fitness, 2008.
A review of the limitations of "Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults," written by Mercedes R. Carnethon, Martha Gulati and Philip Greenland.
872 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews the article, "Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults," written by Mercedes R. Carnethon, Martha Gulati and Philip Greenland. It discusses the purpose of the study, the results and conclusions and the limitations of the study's methods.
From the Paper
"The age selection was quite broad, so the study could control for other fitness factors relating to age impinging upon the results. But there is an obvious weakness in using such a large sampling. The population size is so diluted and generalized in its composition that the conclusions drawn from the study may be too vague to be of prescriptive use. To conduct the study, the authors submitted the test subjects to submaximal treadmill testing so they reached at least 75% to 90% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate. Maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2 max, was estimated by measuring their heart rate response to their effort. Low levels of fitness were defined by using percentile cut-off points of estimated VO2 max from existing external referent populations. In other words, the VO2 max definitions of fitness were derived purely from preexisting literature and studies. Similarly, the other physical and laboratory CVD risk factors measured according to standard methods were derived from preexisting literature."
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Laryngeal Cancer, 2008.
Describes laryngeal cancer or cancer of the larynx, which is generally squamous cell carcinoma.
1,985 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that laryngeal cancer is cancer of the larynx or voice box, which is essential for normal vocal production. The paper describes several types of degrees of laryngectomy, the complete or partial removal of the larynx, which is usually performed to contain and stop the cancer from metastasizing to other cells. The paper then explains that, in addition to regular post surgical care, a speech pathologist should be included in the treatment team as soon as possible. The speech pathologist helps the patient learn to communicate, provides counseling and gives emotional support. Several illustrations are included with the paper.
From the Paper
"It is the responsibility of the speech language pathologist to be the main intermediary between the patient and communication, postoperatively, as speech pathologists seek to help the patient learn effective communication in whatever manner possible so the individual may gain as close to pre-surgical communication effectiveness as possible. This means that the speech pathologist is responsible for training the individual on devices, pneumonic and electric as well as helping the individual to use pneumonic devices for communication and or teaching the individual a greater expression of sign language development."
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C-Reactive Protein, 2008.
This paper provides a critique of the article 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein' by P. Dandona.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that Dandona's article entitled 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein', centers on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The writer discusses that insulin resistance in type 2 DM predisposes patients to develop cardiovascular disease, and has the associated risk factors for atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries. The writer notes that higher CRP concentrations are found in patients with type 2 DM and Dandona theorizes that reducing these concentrations could have clinical benefit. As glucose and lipid levels are also often elevated in type 2 DM patients, an agent that affects all three of these would be beneficial to patients. The writer maintains that Dandona's article is a retrospective exploration of literature on antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agents which reduce these factors.
Outline:
Abstract
From the Paper
"The complex metabolic disorder that is type 2 DM is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In addition, due to the patient's insulin resistance, due to impaired insulation secretion and/or insulin action, there is also disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. This predisposes the patient to the development of cardiovascular disease, due to the proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. As Dandona notes, an elevated CRP concentration is a predictor of cardiovascular events, in fact, it is a far better indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) even amongst healthy people. Although previous research indicates that CRP does not initiate atherosclerosis, but instead progresses the disease, the fact that CRP inhibits nitric oxide production suggests that it also has a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis as well."
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Mental Health in Developing Countries, 2008.
A look at the role of education toward the development of understanding the mental health needs of Nigerian citizens.
1,941 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how mental health problems are not the sole purview of developed nations, of course, nor are they any different in terms of causation or their general responsiveness to modern therapeutic techniques. In some cases, though, longstanding perceptions the efficacy of traditional healing methods and the actual causes of mental illness may adversely affect the ability of such modern healthcare services to effect substantive improvements in the mentally ill. To help understand what factors are involved in delivering effective mental health services to the citizens of developing nations in general and Nigeria in particular, this paper provides a review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to this end, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Rationale of the Study.
Methodology
Mental Illness in Nigeria and Other Developing Countries
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From the perspective of a majority of modern Nigerians, mental illness continues to be primarily equated with severe psychoses; these popular concepts of mental health problems are founded in large part on the idea that mental illness is the result of supernatural forces, notions that are firmly established even among educated Nigerians (Kemp, 1993). In recent years, though, there are indications that this is changing to some extent, though, with the primary forces of change being increased education concerning mental illness and exposure to modern medical practices (Ilechukwu, 1988). One of the most important medical events in the history of mental health care in Nigeria was the establishment of Aro Psychiatric Hospital (Nervous Diseases Hospital) in Abeokuta in 1952; this facility was established during a period in Nigeria's history when electroshock therapy was regarded as the most efficacious modern therapeutic treatment modality available (Kemp). "
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Postpartum Depression Role Attainment, 2008.
This paper looks at depression following childbirth, both for women and the families involved.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 27 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that postpartum depression is a serious and invasive social problem affecting millions of women and their families every year. The writer notes that it is clear from the research on the subject that postpartum depression is both a biological and an environmental problem that can be successfully treated, if the individual seeks such treatment. The consequences of untreated postnatal depression are broad, as it can affect not only the individual woman but her infant, any children she previously bore and her partner, where one is present as well as extended relations and other social support structure members. This work addresses the issue of postpartum depression and the maternal role attainment, to develop a now suspected link between social and personal stagnation and postpartum depression.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of Literature
Methodology
Sample
Sample Selection
Variable Identification
Data Collection/Data Analysis
Instrumentation
Protection of Subjects
Limitations of Research Design
Expected Results
Summary/Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research is conclusive of one fact, and that is that postpartum depression has long term effects, as individuals need but a few weeks to develop a habit, and many habits of child rearing, social inaction and role inaction or negative action can compound to result in long term social and personal stagnation relating to the interruption that this supposedly glorious developmental even creates. The difficulty regarding research is that most research regarding postpartum depression revolves around theses that are interested only in the infant well being, and not so much in the long term or even short term coping of the mother. In fact is often only in extreme high-risk population, such as rape victims, extremely young mothers, or known drug using mothers where the welfare of the mother is not considered the secondary factor to the disorder research. It is also clear form the existing literature that research is often compounded based on the idea that depression, in all its forms is environmental as well as biological and that it needs to be treated with multidimensional treatment plans. Yet, a true long term study regarding post partum depression and long term role attainment by mothers has not been done. It would therefore be prudent to develop a research base that responded to this gap as a way to understand the give and take of role attainment with regard to postpartum depression."
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Reducing the Incidence of Medication Errors, 2008.
An analysis of the reasons for and the ways to prevent medication errors in the healthcare setting.
1,556 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of medication errors. It describes the most common types and causes of medication errors and discusses the impact of medication errors on patient care. The paper then provides some strategies that can be used in virtually any healthcare setting in order to help reduce the number of medication errors that occur and therefore improve patient care.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Definition of Medication Error
Causes of Medication Errors
Impact on Client Care
Strategies to Prevent Medication Errors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research and empirical observations suggest that because healthcare professionals are just human, medication errors will happen and the consequences of such errors can be severe. The research also showed, though, that nursing staff in particular can benefit from the above-stated five "rights" to help them avoid some of the most common types of medication errors which were shown to include improper dosages, the wrong drugs and the wrong route of administration. Because the consequences of medication errors can be so dire, it is vitally important for all healthcare providers to take the time necessary to use the strategies outlined above to help guide them in the proper preparation, dispensing and administration of all medications."
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Conventional and Alternative Medicine, 2008.
This paper discusses prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and herbal medicines.
1,877 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, herbal medicines and supplementary drugs. The paper discusses the laxity in regulation of dietary supplements currently available in the market that is causing alarm among health care professionals. The paper then explores the reasons behind the increased popularity with OTC drugs and dietary supplements.
From the Paper
"In these modern times, patients and consumers have numerous alternatives in attempting to alleviate their health. Conventional medicine is still the mainstream for treatment of the population's maladies. However, alternative or traditional medicine is rapidly gaining popularity among consumers and patients. These include methods that claim to have a holistic approach in healing. Reflexology and acupuncture are popular procedures in an effort to cure one's pain or illness. The uses of herbs and plants as alternative medicine have been used for centuries by other societies such as China and India. "
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