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Narrative Therapy: A Case Study, 2008.
A discussion of narrative therapy and its application as a treatment strategy for anorexia.
1,774 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses narrative therapy, which is considered a post-modern therapy and mental health treatment that seeks to gain the cooperation and insight of the patient himself. The paper applies narrative therapy to an anorexic patient to illustrate how this therapy can be utilized in the patient's recovery.
Outline:
Narrative Therapy Overview
Characteristics
Narrative Perspectives
Narrative Concerns
Narrative Therapy in the Future
Narrative Therapy in Application
From the Paper
"Narrative therapy can be considered a post-modern therapy and mental health treatment that seeks to gain the cooperation and insight of the patient him or herself. It consists of the integration of individuals' expressions of their unique experiences in life, an account of the individuals' interpretive processes about those experiences, and in relating these unique experience sets to both the culture background of the individual and the treatment plan (Bull, Dettinger, Detwiler, Petersen & Propst, 2005, paras.1-12). It is the counselor's or therapist's duty to reconcile these experiences and, most importantly, the individual's interpretive perception of them, with the particular mental affectation that is manifesting itself."
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Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, 2008.
This paper discusses gestational diabetes and looks at whether there is a connection with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
1,838 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that gestational diabetes affects only a very small percentage of all pregnant mothers. The writer further notes that pregnancy-induced hypertension is found in about the same proportion of pregnant mothers as is gestational diabetes. The writer points out that weight gain during pregnancy predicts very high risk for gestational diabetes, along with other problems such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, Cesarean section and stillbirth. The writer provides a literature review and discusses whether there is a link between gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension so that they can be treated together. The writer maintains that the treatment of women with gestational diabetes, along with health teaching, which involves dietary advice, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy, results in a reduction of serious perinatal outcomes such as death or bone fracture. Other benefits include improved health-related quality of life among women with gestational diabetes, both during the antenatal period and three months after birth, as well as a possible reduction in the incidence of postnatal depression.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Analysis
From the Paper
"Haakova and Cibula found in their retrospective study with data obtained from medical records that women who have polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a common endocrine disorder, that there are no important differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes or of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Even though the two groups in the study were matched for age, weight, family history, and patient history, both gestational diabetes and hypertension were similar for those groups. However, as these researchers note, a high incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension has been found in several other studies of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, so that there may be a link between hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension during pregnancy.
"Lifestyle interventions also constitute the primary treatment for gestational diabetes."
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Nursing Leadership, 2008.
This paper uses the author's own experience to exemplify the application of leadership theories to the hospital nursing environment.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the correction of a situation of poor morale within the author's nursing staff of a hospital telemetry team. The author attributes this morale issue to a very busy workload, to demanding physicians who mostly are non-collegial and especially to a high turnover rate of new people who leave within a year. The paper related that these resignations were because many nurses, including senior staff nurses, felt powerless in their daily work. The author states that her goal became to enhance the staff's personal level of empowerment. The paper explains that some sources of power were in the extensive experience (expert power) of the staff itself and in the legitimate and recognized leadership power of the author. The author comments that this legitimate type of power can influence, motivate and facilitate the direction of the author's staff.
From the Paper
"I began to empower my subordinates by first utilizing the human resources at hand. The senior staff was a promising starting point primarily due to their accumulated experience within the telemetry unit. This initiation of distribution of power started with the recognition of senior staff that see the opportunity to assume greater responsibility and accountability, influence and direct others, participate in planning, decision-making and implementation. This also went hand-in-hand with the examination of personal motivations for seeking and exerting power."
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Medicare and Medicaid Programs, 2008.
This paper discusses the two health care programs, Medicare and Medicaid.
954 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Franklin D. Roosevelt's financially recuperative "New Deal" and the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 during the Great Depression helped the American public back on the road to health. The writer points out that the Social Security Act of 1935 was sadly Roosevelt's last efforts to establish universal financial and health security. The writer discusses that another try at providing universal health came in 1965 with Medicare/Medicaid, but by this time until the present, however, history, economics and politics would be complicit in impeding a utopian vision of "affordable health care for all." This paper describes each program in terms of eligibility criteria, funding approval process, appeal procedures and scope of devices and services funded.
Outline:
Medicaid
Medicare
Medicare vs. Medicaid
From the Paper
"Franklin D. Roosevelt's financially recuperative "New Deal" and the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 during the Great Depression helped the American public back on the road to health. The Social Security Act of 1935 was sadly Roosevelt's (and all those who succeeded him) last efforts to establish universal financial and health security. Another try at providing universal health came in 1965 with Medicare/Medicaid; by this time until the present, however, history, economics and politics would be complicit in impeding a utopian vision of "affordable health care for all." This paper will describe each program in terms of eligibility criteria, funding approval process, appeal procedures and scope of devices and services funded.
"Medicaid is a federal program administered at the state level that aids individuals with low-income, insufficient or no health insurance. Health care needs are paid directly to care providers, in whole or partially subsidized."
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Dissociative Identity Disorder, 2008.
An analysis of the aspects of dissociative identity disorder (DID) that make it difficult to diagnose.
1,821 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes whether dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known by its older designation to lay people as multiple personality disorder (MPD) or split personality, really exists. It discusses the disease's diagnosis and pathogenesis and the problems with differential diagnoses. The paper suggests that the diagnosis of DID should be guarded, preferably made as a diagnosis of exclusion. The paper also contains an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"However, Merckelbach, Devilly and Rassin's review of the alters in DID effectively challenge the prevailing support for DID in calling into question the very nature of the claimed multiple personality. The authors sought a better definition of the multiple identities associated with DID. They assert that, as opposed to unconvincing evidence of the existence of alters ranging from acceptance due to their mutually exclusive memories to distinct documented physiological profiles (fMRI, EEG), these personalities can alternately be seen as emotional metaphors and escapist thought (Merckelbach, Devilly and Rassin 486-490). Needless to say, there is very little consensus among the psychiatric community on what the alters actually are, in large part due to the lack of a control group and a further lack of knowledge regarding memory function (Merckelbach, Devilly and Rassin 492). Furthermore, their research supports the claim in showing that there can be no absolutely reliable diagnosis of DID because the "personalities" themselves cannot be proven to be real alter-identities."
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A Study Analysis: Physical Fitness and Drug Recidivism, 2008.
This paper analyzes the study "Drug court Interventions and the Role of Physical Fitness programs in Client Treatment Outcomes" by Eric R. Thompson.
877 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the study "Drug court Interventions and the Role of Physical Fitness programs in Client Treatment Outcomes". The paper explains that the subject study was conducted in the Orange County Drug Court to see if the well accepted benefits of a physical fitness program would have a positive influence on the relapse and recidivism rate that is usually very high among drug offenders. The paper concludes that due to limited participation, the results were inconclusive.
Outline:
Part One - Is This A True Experiment?
Identify the Independent and Dependent Variables
Internal and External Validity
Cross-sectional versus Longitudinal
Identify the Study and Control Groups
Does the Study Meet the Requirements of Randomness?
Will the Study be Generalizable to the Broader Population?
Part Two - Ethical Issues
From the Paper
"The requirements that a true experiment have are three elements, those being two comparison groups, variations in the independent variables before assessment of the dependent variables and random assignment of the groups (Schutt, 2006, p.201). In the assessment of the fitness programs in drug courts, the researcher made a good faith effort to establish the requisite elements to have a true experiment. However his efforts were hampered due to low funding and low participation (Thompson, 2006, p.84). As detailed below, the study did have independent and dependent variables, variations in the independent variables, however the randomness of the participants was lacking due to an extreme lack of participation in the experimental group. Therefore although the experiment was set up with the best of intentions, the actual scientific value of the experiment is questionable because of the weakness of the third element."
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Health Promotion, 2008.
This paper examines the factors that determine health and associations that promote health for the total population.
2,460 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the social determinants of health are the mediating processes between the economic and social conditions in a society that influence whether people stay healthy or become ill. The author reviews the social determinants of health: poverty, class, gender, race, ethnicity and the weakening of working class power. The paper relates that the materialist, neo-materialist and the social comparison approaches have been developed to explain how political, economic and social forces shape health and health inequalities. The author explores the work of several health promotion organizations that believe that health is a fundamental human right.The paper underscores that the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important world-wide goal, which requires the action of many other social and economic sectors to support community groups that do not have the resources needed to ensure their health
From the Paper
"Advocates also need to focus on primary health care since it is based in economic conditions as well as the political and sociocultural features of an area. Primary health care is fully based on the determinants of health such as education, proper nutrition, adequate water and basic sanitation, child health care, and prevention and control over disease. Governments should be lobbied so that they implement national policies and strategies to develop and maintain primary care as one aspect of the national health system."
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Asthma and Client-Centered Care, 2008.
This paper discusses the relationship of the nurse and the asthmatic patient as required in client-centered care.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from the standpoint of the author who is an asthmatic, the very first nursing action when dealing with someone suffering from an asthma attack should involve empathy for the patient. The author points out that the nurse's goals for asthma management are the prevention or reduction of attacks, patient education, maintaining normal activity levels for the patient and improving quality of life. The paper relates that, because asthma is a chronic illness, self-care, in which the patient decides the degree and quality of participation in her care, is a very important element in asthma management. The author states that nurses tend to error by seeing the individual as a passive patient and by agreeing only to the idea of self-management if it is a matter of collaboration with the nurse. The paper stresses that the most effective form of self-management is self-agency, which often includes activities with which nurses do not agree such as adjusting drug dosage.
From the Paper
"Wilson and Kendall (2006) found from their own study that nurses felt very uncomfortable with the idea of clients as experts for their own lives. The general interpretation by nurses of this concept was that patients think they know better than the nurse. Even though nurses no longer view themselves as expert, many of them feel that patients with asthma are too influenced by the information they receive from the Internet (Wilson & Kendall, 2006). It was mentioned to me that I thought I knew it all. Many nurses are also fearful that if they agree to let the patient be expert, then they will be accountable for the patient's actions and will be liable to lawsuits."
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Canada and the WHO - Recommendation for Increased Support, 2008.
An overview of the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) and a recommendation for improved support.
1,192 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the work of the World Health Organization, which has achieved many successes in assisting people all over the world to attain the highest possible level of health. The author recommends that the Canadian government increase its support of the WHO to improve the provision of healthcare services throughout the international community.
From the Paper
"The World Health Organization has been successful because of its decades of experience identifying international health assistance priorities, and its addressing of these priorities through six core WHO functions. My study confirms that WHO has provided international leadership on critical health issues and has engaged in partnerships when and where joint action has been needed. Its leadership has shaped the research agenda and has stimulated the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable healthcare knowledge, and has established setting norms and standards, while promoting and monitoring their implementation. (WHO)
"Furthermore, the WHO has articulated ethical and evidence-based policy options, has provided technical support, has catalyzed change, has built sustainable institutional capacity, has monitored international health conditions, and has assessed health trends in every region of the world. (WHO) In the process, this IGO has acquired vast and immensely valuable experience in dealing with global health and healthcare issues, and thus deserves increased support from Canada."
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Bereavement Stress and Coping - New Dimensions., 2008.
An overview of how bereaved patients are assessed and a research project to examine the subject further.
1,861 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the assessment of people suffering from bereavement and stress and the reality of persons who cannot 'cope'. After a review of the literature surrounding this subject, the author describes a research project to be carried out with informal written testimony from a random sample of 40 volunteer informants.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature
Proposed Research Project
Interpreting Results
Last Remarks
From the Paper
"Bereavement Stress and Coping are familiar terms in English-speaking
countries as need modification to reveal the severity of symptoms and
the reality of persons who cannot 'cope'. Stage theories distort, as can
the under-estimation of anxiety, depression or more alarming symptoms
bereaved persons experience well beyond the acute or first year aftermath of loss. One needs awareness of postmodern societies a long average lifespan but also youth, midlife and serial bereavement as common phenomena. Inductive research, as in this paper's proposed project, should harvest the testimony of persons to survive bereavement, as other research must help human services professionals to become oriented to what bereavement stress can really entail, the nature of loss in the early 21st century.
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Bottle-Feeding Research, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of an article about bottle feeding entitled "Factors Contributing to Preterm Infant Engagement During Bottle-Feeding", by S.M. Thoyre and R.L. Brown.
824 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
In this paper the writer discusses the article "Factors Contributing to Preterm Infant Engagement During Bottle-Feeding," that appeared in the September/October 2004 issue of the Journal Nursing: Official Journal of the Eastern Nursing Research society and the Western Institute of Nursing. The writer notes that this journal is a peer-reviewed publication. The writer points out that this study was well written and maintains that all of its points and conclusions were clear and fully explained and supported. Further, the writer declares that the interpretations were appropriate, led to logical conclusions and appeared to be unbiased. The writer concludes that the article increases the writer's knowledge about bottle-feeding and answers many questions about the importance of an infant being engaged during the feeding process.
Outline:
Source
Abstract
Research Problem
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Variables
Hypothesis
Design
Sample
Data Collection
Study Procedures
Ethical Consideration
Data Analysis
Discussion and Interpretation of Findings
Application to Nursing Practice
Presentation
From the Paper
"The research was clearly described as a cross-sectional study conducted in the Midwest over a period of six months. There was no manipulation of the independent variables; rather, the manner in which the data was recorded was altered to make the data more meaningful. A lot of attention was given to detail in this study and efforts were made to control for potential confounding factors."
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Sexual Abuse and Survivors, 2008.
This paper analyzes the book 'Counseling Survivors of Sexual Abuse' by Diane M. Langberg.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the work 'Counseling Survivors of Sexual Abuse' authored by Diane M. Langberg is a powerful, daring and effective book. The writer presents her personal reaction to the treatment of sexual abuse and notes that the book opened her eyes to what treatments are used to assist an abuser and what foundations are used to get over the abuse. The writer concludes with a very favorable impression of Dr. Langberg's passion to aide, assist and help the survivors that have been sexually abused, especially in the theological framework of people that have been traumatized.
From the Paper
"Another eye opener is the fact that Dr. Langberg encourages survivors to write out Isaiah 53, which should assist with brining God closer into their lives since Jesus suffered on the cross and was resurrected.
"It seems that there are various factors that affect a child's reaction to abuse to include how the child perceives the abuser and distinctive things associated from the assault. Dr. Langberg observed and counseled symptomatic and asymptomatic victims; as part of treatment methods, reunification issues and cognitive therapy along with nondirective support therapy. Dr. Langberg uses individual therapy as opposed to group therapy."
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Compassion and Care as a Moral Ideal, 2008.
A look at compassion and care in nursing.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper was written by a nurse after she was present at a stillbirth. Feeling out of her depth while comforting the parents, the author realized that she had not been witness before to this level of suffering.
The paper goes on to discuss ethical issues such as beneficence and nonmaleficence and continues to explore compassion and care as a moral ideal.
Outline:
Looking Back
Elaborate
Analysis
Revision
New Perspective
From the Paper
"Nurses continually encounter human suffering and "in their everyday practice face unique and complex situations which are unsolvable by technical rational approaches" (Atkins & Murphy, 1993, p. 1188). Reflection on certain issues is absolutely essential and in certain cases provides the only way out of what would amount to moral paralysis. As Kinsella (2002) observes, all the knowledge that we possess begins in some way with experience. Atkins and Murphy (1998, p. 1189) define reflection as learning as "intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to new understandings and appreciations". In my own case, I felt concern and anxiety that I was perhaps losing compassion but on reflection I realized that this was not logical. According to Atkins and Murphy (1993), the first stage of the reflective process is motivated by negative feelings and thoughts. I also engaged in intellectual activities by undertaking a very serious exploration of major nursing theories. This is the stage that Atkins and Murphy (1993) view as constructive since it involves exploring both feelings and knowledge. I did realize that the process of reflection might require substantial time because, as Mezirow (1998) clarifies, reflection in itself cannot automatically result in new integrated and comprehensive perspectives. Atkins and Murphy (1993) distinguish between reflection-in-action which occurs while practicing and while I was with Mrs. B and her husband versus reflection-on-action which is the time-consuming and main part of reflection."
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Culture in Nursing, 2008.
This paper discusses practices in trans-cultural nursing care focusing on the Chinese culture.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in order to provide effective nursing care, nurses must have knowledge of the client's worldview which is influenced by their cultural beliefs, values and life ways. The writer points out that in Chinese culture, the approach of patients to health and illness centers on the concept of balance, and is holistic and traditional. The writer maintains that health is understood as a state of spiritual and physical harmony with nature and illness caused by some upset in body energy. The case study demonstrates the differences that often become apparent between cultural beliefs and practices versus the perspective of nursing. This paper focuses on the cultural factor of religious and philosophical factors. The writer concludes that religious and philosophical factors greatly influence what Chinese people do and what choices they make.
From the Paper
"In contrast to Chinese religious and philosophical beliefs regarding health and disease, nurses in Western culture are trained in a much different way regarding nutrition. Nurses also are instructed to push fluids. For nurses, the focus on nutrition involves its role in healing in relation to the need for protein and fiber as well as electrolyte balance. The normal course of nursing actions is that when the problem is hypertension, then the amount of sodium is restricted. Whatever foods might be contributing to the health are either very limited or are eliminated from the diet. In the case study, nurses are following the usual procedure in promoting fluids for the patient in order to enable Mr. W. to recover from his bladder surgery. To achieve the health outcome, it is very common for nurses to provide patients with cold tap water. The issue is that both Chinese cultural practice and professional nursing practice both are concerned with the same outcome."
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Article Critique: The Community Nurse and Learning Disabilities, 2008.
A critique of the research reported by O. Barr in the article "The Evolving Role of Community Nurses for People with Learning Disabilities; Change over an 11-Year-Period".
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and critiques O. Barr's article "'The Evolving Role of Community Nurses for People with Learning Disabilities; Change over an 11-Year-Period", found in the "Journal of Clinical Nursing". The paper describes the intention of the study, the study's literature review, and the data collection process for the study. The paper further notes that the sample for Barr's study was based on a community of nurses involved directly with people with disabilities and that this sample was very appropriate to address the research problem and the stated objectives of the study. In addition, the paper explains that the research design was quantitative and then examines the results, findings, strengths and weaknesses of the study.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Article Critique
Problem, Purpose, Research Question
Literature Review
Ethical and Legal Issues
Sample- Sampling Design
Research Design
Data Collection: Methods and Strategies
Results and Findings
Strengths and Weaknesses
From the Paper
"The literature review includes a definition of the concept of learning disabilities as being made up of three aspects. These are a reduce ability to understand new or complex information; a reduced ability for independent coping; and these problems have to be present before the age of 18 years and produce a lasting effect on development. The way that learning abilities are defined will later become one of the variables because the definition determines the nurses' approach and role for these clients. The aspect of coping, for example, means that the nurses do not look upon learning disabilities as simply a matter of cognitive impairments."
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MRSA, Change and Nursing Leadership, 2008.
This paper looks at hospital concerns related to ethicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their impact on health care professionals.
1,333 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious concern for many hospitals. The writer points out that not only are morbidity and mortality rates due to MRSA infection significant, but longer hospital stays, higher costs of treatment and the specter of treatment failure compared to methicillin-sensitive organisms are all realities that are faced. This paper outlines a proposition to implement a hospital-wide change in the hospital's handwashing policy to that utilizing a chlorhexidine-based foam. Budgetary considerations as well as a strategy for implementation and evaluation of effectiveness on MRSA infections after one year of implementation are discussed.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Current Practice
Proposed Practice
Budgetary Considerations
Concerns Regarding Change
Values and Roles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In order to improve the rate of infection from 10 cases per year to less than one per year, a new practice will be instituted based on the redundancy principle regarding implementation of handwashing procedures. Similarly redundant handwashing facilities (both handwashing stations and foam chlorhexidine gluconate) conveniently located at strategic locations. This solution will include new dispensers at strategic locations with high personnel traffic such as nurses' stations, patient rooms, specific bedside sites (e.g. in intensive care units, labor and delivery bedsides), communal areas for nurses and physicians and outpatient examination rooms. It is expected to be accomplished within 3 months with a reduction in overall and MRSA nosocomial infections after one year."
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