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Drug Addiction in Professional Nursing, 2008.
This paper explores chemical dependence in nurses and its implications for the nursing profession.
2,008 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the biological and psychosocial prerequisites for substance abuse and subsequent addiction in nurses. The paper then looks at the treatment programs available as well as the preventative measures in place. The paper also discusses the implications of substance use, abuse and subsequent dependency for present and future nursing practice.
Outline:
Introduction
Position
Predisposing Factors
Treatment
Prevention
Implications
From the Paper
"In order to understand fully the pathogenesis of addiction, the biological and psychosocial prerequisites for substance abuse and subsequent addiction will be discussed. The pathogenesis of substance dependence conforms to a general behavioral pattern of cause and effect. An external stimulus such as stress in multiple spheres of an individual's life (e.g. work/school, home, personal) may trigger an initially behavioral response to these stressors. The pleasurable stimulation from intake of these substances, the escapist theme, and the aversiveness of the "reality" of the individual's situation conditions the individual to avoid the aversive stimulus and take in these substances, where their pleasurable effects serve as a reward, a positive reinforcement for substance-seeking behavior. Behaviorally-oriented treatments involve extinction of this reinforcement."
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High Turnover Rates in Emergency Department Nurses, 2008.
A discussion of the growing shortage of emergency department nurses.
3,530 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 21 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the high turnover rates among emergency department nurses. In particular, it takes a look at leadership and management issues within an emergency department at a community-based hospital in a mid-size US city. The paper points out that the nursing shortage is not simply a problem of supply and demand, but much the result of high attrition rates due to work dissatisfaction, a phenomenon that was almost unheard of in older nursing staff, in spite of the use of incentives to retain workers. The paper suggests that the multi-generational composition of the work force needs to be addressed and that each generation's strengths and weaknesses should be assessed. The paper concludes that, once intergenerational differences and needs are recognized, acknowledged, appreciated and addressed - not only at the managerial level but also in the workplace - increased job satisfaction and increase in ranks may reverse the current trend.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Causes
Solutions
Reflection
From the Paper
"From these scenarios, it can be seen that a "culture" that adheres to an unspoken, strict hierarchy exists within the emergency department, almost akin to a tradition. To the nurses that have been with the department for some time, it was an efficient system that accomplished tasks according to ability and experience. This is evident in the lack of clout juniors have within the department, who are relegated to "scutwork" and rarely get to participate in more engaging activities in the emergency department. Very rarely did any junior staff stay long enough to reach at least 18 months. Coincidentally, the hiring of fresh graduates was only implemented two years ago."
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Learning Evidence - Parse's theory, 2008.
An account of Parse's human becoming theory.
1,327 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with Parse's human becoming theory as a means for providing structure for ways of thinking and being with patients, as they create their own quality of life. The author draws upon his own life experience and suggests implications for the use of the theory in nursing practice. The paper appends a copy of William Ernest Henley's poem, "Invictus".
Outline:
Life Experience
Definition/Description of Hope
Content Acquired through Concept Clarification Process
Hope in Relation to Parse's Theory
Implications for Nursing Practice
From the Paper
"Parse's theory of human becoming theory is a means for providing structure for ways of thinking and being with patients as they create their own quality of life. Human becoming theory is concerned with lived experiences of health (Kelly, 1999). The holistic approach is essential since lived experience, meaning, and understanding all form various aspects of the unitary process of human life (Kelly, 1999). Parse's concepts guide nursing for being present with the patient as they illuminate meaning, synchronize rhythms, and co-transcend with the possibles. Hope is based in these possibles: the person is moving beyond the present toward the unknown. My life experience will illustrate how Parse's theory helps the person to maintain hope and to achieve transformation. For Parse, the central idea is that the person is expert for their lives and they always have choices. The person is involved in a search for meaning and is capable of achieving transformation."
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Plan of Care for an Elderly Patient, 2008.
An assessment of an elderly patient suffering from constipation, incontinence, and urinary tract infection, and a proposed plan of care.
740 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
This case study analyzes the health problems of an elderly patient that mainly involve constipation, incontinence, and urinary tract infection. The paper points out that these problems are very common among people over 65 years of age. The study proposes that the patient be provided with a program of good nutrition and health teaching by qualified nursing staff. The program will also require regular check-ups. The paper concludes that the successful implementation of this program should help to eliminate the patient's problems.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis of Data
Assessment
Plan of Care
Nursing Orders
Implementation
Evaluation
From the Paper
"For older adults, if the food plan is going to meet nutritional needs, it must account for changes related to aging (Collis, 2002). Joan must receive enough calories per day to meet her needs for protein, calcium, iron, and vitamins. Because of the presence of the pressure sore, Joan needs protein to allow the sore to heal. Protein also is needed to build and maintain muscle and tissues (Collins, 2002). Because of such serious problems with constipation, Joan most especially needs a high amount of fibre in her diet. She can obtain fibre from such foods as bran products, raw fruits, prunes, and whole grain breads and cereals (Kozier, et. al., 2000)."
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Health Care Costs, 2008.
A discussion of the rising costs of health care in the United States.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the reasons health care costs continue to rise in the United States. It points out that many factors interact to increase costs and these factors include certain elements that, ironically, are thought to reduce costs or that may have been intended to reduce costs. The paper adds that costs increase in part for natural economic reasons, such as the cost of developing new drugs, or the added costs accruing due to the creation and implementation of new medical technology. The paper maintains that one of the primary reasons fo cost increases is that the public does not pay for what it uses in medicine, meaning that people do not pay directly out of their own pockets. Instead, millions have their costs paid by insurance or a company health plan, and this increases the overall costs. To conclude, the paper calls for a better and more certain analysis of how costs could be reduced.
From the Paper
"The patient may pay something on his or her bill, but it is usually only a part of the whole. Alterio (2007) notes how some of the efforts to control costs can harm patients, which in turn increases health care costs over time because patients may have to wait longer for treatment and need more medical attention when they do get it. Alterio notes that keeping down costs in HMOs often means requiring doctors to see more patients per hour and to give each patient less time, which saves money in the short-term while increasing costs in the long run."
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DVT and the Elderly, 2008.
A look at the most appropriate non-medical nursing intervention to prevent the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among surgery patients through a review of three artices.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
Graduated compression stockings are widely used to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but their use in clinical practice is variable and is usually not as effective as research suggests. This paper discusses the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent the incidence of deep vein thrombosis among postoperative elderly patients with hip fracture by reviewing three articles consisting of quantitative, qualitative, and systematic research. Using specific criteria to assess each article, the paper determines which article is the most useful.
Outline:
Relevance and Significance
Summary of Evidence
Research Problem
Purpose
The Studies
Qualitative
Quantitative
Systematic
Implications for Practice
Strategies to Change Practice
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper
"The American Nurses Association (2006) conducted a systematic study where the focused research question was: Are graduated compression stockings effective for the prevention of DVT? The criteria were that definite conclusions about effectiveness had to be possible. The criteria were appropriate and clear since samples had to be large and below-knee stockings evaluated. It is not likely any relevant studies were missed since the research was done by the American Nurses Association (2006) to guide practice. The validity was carefully appraised to the extent that all the studies were discarded. The results were not similar. They were divided into two groups: stockings versus no stockings and stockings combined with another preventive measure. It was the difference between studies that caused the problem. "
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General Electric and Amersham, 2008.
A discussion of General Electric's acquisition of Amersham.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the acquisition of Amersham by General Electric Corporation. It points out that Amersham is a major competitor in the healthcare industry and the acquisition was completed in 2004. The review is taken from the perspective of Amersham, the target enterprise. The paper also discusses an article that reviews Sarbanes-Oxley legislation and its effect on technology enterprise business culture.
Outline:
Target Overview
Amersham's Perspective
Acquisition Outcome
Conference Activity
Sarbanes-Oxley & Its Implications
Effect on E-Commerce
Sarbanes-Oxley Measures
From the Paper
"In the year prior to the completion of the acquisition of Amersham by GE, the company began to reassert itself within its market segments. To do this Amersham increased its research and development (R&D) expenditures by 18% and prepared to launch numerous new products in the two years following the acquisition (Amersham, 2004). This investment in future technologies and products is further evidence that Amersham not only viewed the combination of Amersham with GE as an overall positive but intended to capitalize on GE's wider market reach and accessibility to a greater variety of sub-markets. These moves indicate the company's executives were forward planning their corporate and business level strategies based on integration into GE Healthcare which is where Amersham would be situated. Additionally, because of efficiencies gained by being integrated into its new parent corporation, Amersham expected to be able to reduce its operating costs by as much as $100m without incurring substantial personnel layoffs and reductions (GE, 2004). These outcomes all affirm the astuteness of this acquisition and that Amersham itself recognized the strategic importance of combining with GE rather than competing directly against it which would have been unsustainable in the long-term."
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Quality of Life Nursing Care, 2008.
This paper discusses quality of life issues that support Canadian patients with terminal disease through a review of five articles on the topic.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, even with intervention and assessment, and to some degree intra-observer variation, quality of life may not be enough to define a patient's contentment with life when faced with end of life issues. The author points out that life-changing events and end of life issues can be so sudden that a patient and her family may find control over their lives involuntarily wrenched from them. The paper cites that the transcendence theory can be a powerful motivator to achieve health care objectives for helping bereaved patients, their families and their nurses "move on" to understanding how suffering and changes can affect new individual insights. The author relates that, in caring for the older adult, it is sometimes more understood than appreciated that they may have more complaints to attend to, more symptoms that they complain of and may even be difficult to approach. The paper then independently reviews five different articles on this topic.
From the Paper
"The second article tells of the triumph of the human spirit over seemingly impossible odds (McLean, 2006). In spite of his diagnosis of terminal colon cancer, firefighter lieutenant Mark Johnston underwent surgery in spite of the bleakness of his condition. What was remarkable was the camaraderie of his fellow firefighters, who would do what seemingly meant little more than keeping vigils with him. When Mark went into relapse after rejoining his team a year after, a testament to his spirit, he dispelled the prevailing myth of the palliative care unit's reputation for admitting patients that do not get discharged. In spite of this, Mark sought admission hesitantly at first, but with the constant show of support by family and friends during his times of greatest need and pain, he was able to eventually - and dramatically - return home."
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Cesarean versus Planned Delivery at Term, 2008.
This paper discusses the article "Maternal Mortality and Severe Morbidity Associated with Low-risk Planned Cesarean Delivery versus Planned Vaginal Delivery at Term" by Liu, Shiliang, Liston, Robert M., Joseph, K.S., Heaman, Maureen, Sauve, Reg,
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer reviews the scholarly article, "Maternal Mortality and Severe Morbidity Associated with Low-risk Planned Cesarean Delivery versus Planned Vaginal Delivery at Term", about the relative dangers of cesarean section versus vaginal delivery for women. The paper looks at the purpose of the study and summarizes the results. The writer then describes its strengths and weaknesses and outlines how such findings should be utilized in the future. In addition, two key questions that should guide future investigation are enumerated.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose of the study
Results of the study
Strengths of the study
Weaknesses of the study
How to use these findings in practice
Two questions for future research
From the Paper
"The strengths of the study lie in the fact that few studies this writer has reviewed have been more comprehensive. To wit, the planned cesarean group comprised 46,766 women; for the planned vaginal delivery group, the figure was 2,292,420. Every bit as importantly, the study is longitudinal in nature. Specifically, the study encompasses a 14-year period - a length of time seemingly sufficient to ensure that curious aberrations or anomalies in particular years did not cause fundamental distortions in the findings of the study. Additionally, to ensure the validity of the data findings, the researchers employed adjusted odds ratio and confidence intervals; as well, the authors used multivariate analysis to control for "confounding variables" such as age, year of delivery, and elderly primigravidity - among other factors."
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A Nutritional Health Treatment Assessment, 2008.
A case study which assesses a particular elderly patient's health problems and suggest an appropriate plan of care involving better nutrition.
730 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
This case study analyzes the health condition of elderly patient Joan, suffering from severe pain when having a bowel movement. In this study, nutrition forms the main element in the plan of care. Following a close analysis, the study concludes that all of Joan's problems are related to inadequate nutrition and therefore can be managed best by a program of nutrition.
Outline:
Analysis of Data
Nursing Diagnoses
Plan of Care
Implementation
Evaluation
From the Paper
"Joan needs social support. Her son should be encouraged to eat meals with her whenever he can. He is the best one to encourage her to eat, and staff can reinforce that encouragement. Nurses will push fluids as hot fluids, fruit juice, and prune juice. The dietician needs to be informed of the problem with constipation and the pressure sore. Joan's diet will provide her with adequate nutrition and will be high in fiber. For the first period, Joan's diet and fluid intake should be monitored to make sure that she is receiving the nutrients she needs. Nurses will provide Joan will the needed health teaching about the need for proper nutrition, fluids, and information to eliminate her urinary tract infections. Joan's son can also remind his mother of this information."
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Immunobiology and HIV, 2008.
An analysis of the mechanisms involved in HIV infection and the role of chemokines in suppression of HIV replication.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between immunobiology and HIV. It analyzes the research in an attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in HIV infection and in the operation of various related biological effects. The paper then addresses the role of the chemokine MIP-1 beta, among others, in T cell mediated suppression of HIV replication.
From the Paper
"Patke, Green, and Shearer examine the role of beta-chemokines and their chemokine receptor on HIV B lymphocyte function. To test this interaction, the researchers used highly purified normal human B cells from seronegative donors, isolating them by adherence to CD19-coated beads. They then treated IL-4 plus anti-CD40-activated B cells with recombinant gp120 (10 ng/ml) before exposure to beta chemokines or receptor. At that stage, cyclic nucleotide generation was assessed at six hr, DNA synthesis at day threem and IgM production on day seven. Also, cell surface marker expression was determined by flow cytometric analysis using the Coulter EPICS-XL. What the researchers found was that there ia a role for MIP-1 beta and RANTES on the early B cell events of proliferation, cyclic nucleotide generation, and cell surface marker receptor modulation in opposition to the beta chemokine receptor, CCR5. the researchers also note that the ability to regulate early B cell events might be a targeted area in the development of novel designer molecule therapeutic approaches to AIDS, though further research is needed finally to demonstrate this possibility."
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The Nursing Shortage, 2008.
A discussion of the nursing shortage in the United States.
1,930 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper identifies the factors affecting the supply of nursing personnel in US health care organizations today. The paper discusses how the consequences of this shortage are most evident in the quality of health services delivered to patients and in the future of nursing as a profession. The paper asserts that efforts must be made to make not only nursing graduates stay within their chosen profession, but also to encourage and support promising individuals who want to pursue an academic career as nursing faculty.
From the Paper
"The nursing shortage in the United States and elsewhere is not a new phenomenon. This shortage can be traced to several factors, including those pertaining to personal and financial equity, the presence of more lucrative career options, high attrition rates of new graduates and personal satisfaction. Obstacles such as insufficient enrolment and nurse population growth rates, faculty shortages, an aging nurse population, apart from job dissatisfaction and subsequent career changes are still prevalent and unaddressed (American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN], 2004). With the coming realization that the health care infrastructure of the Unites States is less than satisfactory and more and more in danger of collapse as the "baby boomer" generation retires, health care professionals, particularly nurses, face an even bigger dilemma."
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Adult Onset of Schizophrenia, 2008.
This paper examines the psychological disorder of schizophrenia.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that schizophrenia is a psychological disorder from an underlying brain disorder and that individuals diagnosed with acute schizophrenia have hallucinations and delusions. The paper then relates that individuals having lesser symptoms experience withdrawal, social isolation, and unusual speech, thinking or behavior. The paper also points out that although there are many mental disorders, schizophrenia is more complex yet it affects approximately 1 percent of people globally. The paper then explores the etiology, characteristics, assessment, and treatment of schizophrenia.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Etiology
Characteristics
Assessments
Treatment and Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Schizophrenia, a complex mental health disorder, involves a harsh, persistent, and hindering interruption of the brain. There is no specific cause of obtaining schizophrenia. However research has suggested that it develops from a chemical imbalance in the brain from inherited factors such as genetics, behavioral, and environmental conditions. Schizophrenia affects men and women however the symptoms are more prone to men in their late teens and/or early 20s, women between 20s and 30s. Individual diagnosed with severe schizophrenia may have hallucinations or delusions. Lesser symptoms include individuals with disordered thinking. A licensed psychiatrist usually diagnoses schizophrenia. Treatment is given to individuals with schizophrenia by many factors i.e. age, health, medical history and therapy."
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Bellevue Medical Center, New York, 2008.
An overview of Bellevue Medical Center, its services, its organizational structure, its nursing and its quality of care.
3,184 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an organizational critique of Bellevue Medical Center, New York. It describes the history and background of the establishment and how it has grown over the years. It describes Bellevue's teaching program for New York University's medical students and lists its emergency services. The paper also focuses on nursing, organizational structure, policies and programs, as well as quality of care issues at Bellevue.
Table of Contents:
Overview of the Organization
The Fourteen Forces of Magnetism
Leadership: Nursing, Organizational Structure, Policies and Programs
Quality of Care
Professional Development: Nurses as Teachers, Interdisciplinary Relationships and Professional Development
Synthesis of Assessment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Finally, because Bellevue has repeatedly demonstrated the willingness to listen to the concerns of nurses and institute policies that support their beliefs, the institution functions in a manner that values its staff. When workers in an organization understand that they are valued, workers desire to support the goals of the organization, creating a working system that is successful over the long term. At Bellevue Medical Center the system not only supports the individual, it supports all community groups and focuses on populations that would otherwise be incapable of receiving health care. For nurses that desire to make a significant difference in the lives of people, this incentive alone demonstrates a positive draw to the nursing professional that supports the reasons that many nurses entered the field in the first place."
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Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 2008.
An in-depth marketing audit of the Bristol Myers Squibb Company (BMSC).
2,486 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that Bristol Myers Squibb Company's (BMSC) recent history can be summed up by its battle with Pfizer to gain control of the cardiovascular drug market. The paper provides an overview of Pfizer and offers a competitor profile matrix. The paper then discusses the industry rivalry and includes a SWOT analysis. The paper concludes that BMSC has developed a very integrated manufacturing and distribution network that has allowed it to capitalize on its brand image as a leading pharmaceutical company. The paper provides recommendations and includes an appendix detailing the company's background.
Outline:
The Competitive Environment
BMSC in the Marketplace
Conclusions & Recommendations
From the Paper
"The degree of industry rivalry in the pharmaceutical industry is high and potentially debilitating even for the larger competitors. Proctor identifies five levels of competition that most enterprises face in today's hyper-competitive marketplace: direct, close, similar products, substitute products and indirect competition (2000, p.103). These levels of competition vector with Porter's five forces model of competition whereby he models the relationship in the marketplace between competitive forces that together form a core of rivalry that is measured in degrees of intensity (Proctor, 2000). For the pharmaceutical industry, the degree of intensity in competitive forces is extremely high because the risks at stake are considerable; often in the 100s of millions to the billions."
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Tsunami Club Critique, 2008.
A critique of the Tsunami Club's physical exercise program with recommendations for improvements.
1,756 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques a program of the Tsunami Club, which specializes in karate, Japanese judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu for children aged 3-17 of both sexes. The paper focuses on this club because of its comprehensive programs involving judo that has been developed coast to coast and because the children's entire physical activity centers on them. The paper describes the program and concludes with recommendations for its improvement. a copy of an advertisement for the Tsunami Club is appended to the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction/Description
Program Critique
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Judo can be used effectively with children who have emotional, developmental and behavioral problems because they learn the power of concentration. The program should be expanded over the Toronto area as a teaching strategy for such children. Mannion (5) states that "the kicks, stances, punches and grappling of martial arts are a good way for children with behavioral problems to channel their aggression". At the same time, judo is not about the external so that teachers need to ensure that students are internalizing the lessons."
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