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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), 2008.
This paper explores emergency department admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
3,222 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
The paper describes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including its diagnosis, current treatments and its interdisciplinary care. The paper examines the guidelines and implementation of the 2007 "Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease", also known as the COPD-X Plan, and focuses on emergency nursing roles and practices. The paper limits itself to looking at aspects of diagnosis and treatments of acute exacerbation of COPD. The paper also compares the COPD-X Plan with the "Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease" guidelines. The paper concludes that while there is a need for more research to derive more empirically-established and consistent guidelines for interdisciplinary use, present guidelines in use must be adhered to as the next best measure for COPD treatment until such evidence is present.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion/Critique
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has remained one of the top ten diseases resulting in death worldwide. It is the third and second most prevalent and burdensome disease in Australia and New Zealand, respectively (McKenzie, Frith, Burdon & Town, 2007).It is also among the top ten causes of mortality in Australia and New Zealand, the fourth in the United States and been noted to be rising (McKenzie, Frith, Burdon & Town, 2007; Smithline, Rowe, Radeos, Cydulka & Camargo, 2005). In spite of these facts, there have been inconsistencies between the goal of reducing morbidities and mortalities associated with COPD and the means by which the different health policy societies have outlined. These inconsistencies are manifested in the construction of recommendations of different national and international societies such as the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society and British Thoracic Society - recommendations which, for all intents and purposes, should be uniform and unambiguous (Ferguson, 2000). This especially pertains to aspects of diagnosis and treatment. While these discrepancies may seem trivial, their cumulative impact can be seen above."
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Hypothyroidism, 2008.
This paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism.
709 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains hypothyroidism as a disease caused by insufficient production of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. The paper discusses how the diagnosis of hypothyroidism is challenging because the symptoms of this disease are associated with several other disorders like depression and anxiety. The paper looks at the treatment of hypothyroidism and relates that it is readily treatable but it can also be demanding.
From the Paper
"Hypothyroidism is one of the most commonly encountered endocrine dysfunctions in primary health care (Garber, et al. 2006). The normal function of thyroid gland is important for normal growth and neural development (Bettendorf, 2002; Frankton et al., 2000). Thus the dysfunction of this gland requires an early treatment to prevent the irreversible damages. Biagioli, DeVoe & Hamilton (2006) note that congenital hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism present at birth) is on the list for universal childhood screening with a strength of recommendation (SOR) level A (highest) from three healthcare organizations: US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Practice (AAFP)."
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Septic Shock, 2008.
This paper focuses on septic shock and its implications for nursing.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper defines septic shock, its pathophysiological manifestations or effects within the human body, and the psychosocial effects it has upon human beings. The paper discusses the conventional medical treatment, the alternative therapies, the nursing care required and the common monitoring technology that permits health care professionals to keep a close eye on the recuperation of a patient after initial treatments. The paper shows how septic shock is a serious and complicated matter that presents real challenges to modern medicine. A large amount of source material is appended to the paper.
From the Paper
"A basic description of septic shock, as might imagine, is quite interesting - and more than a little frightening. The phenomenon itself is rather complicated but a basic definition of septic shock is that it is a serious condition that takes places when an "overwhelming infection" precipitates low blood pressure and low blood flow. As a result of this, the brain, the kidneys, liver, and especially the heart fail to work properly (U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health, 2007). The end consequence can be a very cruel and agonizing death."
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The Theory of Human Caring, 2007.
An analysis of the theory of human caring developed by Jean Watson.
1,069 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Jean Watson theory of human caring, used in the nursing curriculum. The paper explains that, according to Watson, the theory of human caring is a focus for the future of nursing practice and provides the standards that should guide nurses in every aspect of their role in the health care field. The paper looks at how, as time has evolved, the issues with which nurses have been confronted have caused a shift in the approach to nursing that is based on quality care. The paper then points out that, although Watson is specific as to the realm of caring that can be applied to nursing and the delivery of service to the patient, it is evident that Watson intended for the caring perspective to be apparent in every facet of nursing and used to understand all issues that affected the individual's health and well being. In conclusion, the paper shows that the theory of human caring should be a vital instrument for all nursing professionals and students, serving nursing through a foundation for care that returns the profession to a focus specifically on the patient and quality care.
Outline:
Define Theory of Human Caring.
Analyze the Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring.
Use of Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring Use in Guiding All Nursing Programs.
Applicability of Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring to Undergraduate Level Nursing Practice.
Applicability of Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring to Graduate Level Nursing Practice.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To care for the complete human means to care for each element of the individual's life that is either positively or negatively impacting him or her. Treating the illness without considering the psychological issues that may be evident will slow recovery time and may hinder the effectiveness of the treatment. Recommending treatments that are not feasible in the life of an impoverished individual or that the person cannot be transported to, will prevent the complete recovery of the person. And advocating surgery for a patient that elects only to utilize Chinese Traditional Medicine for the health care needs, prevents the patient from receiving care that is applicable to the individual's life."
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The Right to Die, 2008.
This paper analyzes the ethical and legal right to die, as discussed in "Unplugged: Reclaiming Our Right to Die in America" by William Colby.
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes the Terri Schiavo case and explains William Colby's argument, as presented in his work "Unplugged: Reclaiming Our Right to Die in America", that the law should respect an individual's inherent right to die if the health circumstances are too severe. The paper then asserts that the Federal Justice Department did not have the right to prevent Oregon from allowing patient-assisted suicides. The paper also looks at the "Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health" landmark case that allowed persons the right to deny life-saving medical assistance. The paper is of the opinion that the chapter "My Living Will" of Colby's book is the most intriquiging, since it describes the personal and legal foundation for denying life support systems.
From the Paper
"The Terri Schiavo case represents a critical turning point for a patient's right to die, which helped to determine a legal framework under a caregiver's consent to terminate life support systems. With the Governor of Florida and the President of the United States creating legislation to prevent the death of Schiavo, the inherent right to life or death to a patient was denied after the lower court of Pinellas County decided that Schiavo would not want to live in a persistent vegetative state. However, the Supreme Courts of the United States and Florida decided correctly that the long-term state of Schiavo's suffering and lack of revival determined that her caregivers had a right to take away her feeding tube. This was the correct choice due to the fact that her long-term placement within hospital care had decidedly taken a course that would be deemed unconscionable to keep supporting Schiavo's lack of utility (to interact with other people) and to prevent a decent quality of life. The higher courts decided that her caregivers had the right to decide on Schiavo's assisted death due to the nature of her condition and the unethical medical authority that let her continue in such a condition."
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HIV/AIDS and Employment, 2008.
This paper looks at research regarding HIV/AIDS positive individuals and their employment.
807 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a research survey delivered to individuals who were HIV/AIDS positive. The paper discusses the research that centered on work/life issues and, in particular, the aspect of remaining at work through treatment or returning to work once treatment progress was made. The paper looks at the results that indicate that there are some very real and significant issues related to HIV/AIDS positive individuals and employment.
Outline:
Abstract
Modal Behavioral Beliefs
Modal Normative Beliefs
Modal Control Beliefs
From the Paper
"There are numerous conclusions that can be drawn from this study which merit discussion and continued research. Initially, the study's survey responses regarding modal behavioral beliefs, which are taken to be considered the most probable outcomes resulting from working or going back to work, whichever the case may be, for a person or people living with HIV/AIDS. This is such an important issue because informal research and anecdotal evidence suggests that continued employment in the life of HIV/AIDS positive individuals is thought to be important ongoing mental health and stability (McReynolds, 2001). The results indicate that most of the manifested behavioral beliefs of the study respondents seemed to center on the self-esteem aspects related to working and work-life issues."
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Professional Ethics, 2008.
This paper discusses professional ethics in the nursing workplace and related dilemmas.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer uses a specific example in a hospital to discuss the ethical dilemmas that may be encountered in the nursing workplace. In particular, the paper discusses the type of dilemma that can arise when caught between being an advocate for the patient and preserving the professional integrity of another professional when he errs.
From the Paper
" The ethics in question was whether to carry out one's duty to the patient and his family, in the interest of being fully honest, open and transparent to the patient in informing them what had happened versus not disclosing this information in the interest of not making a large fuss out of a resident's error that did not result in serious harm. On the one hand, the patient regained not only sinus rhythm, but also regained consciousness several minutes later. He was evidently not pleased to find himself intubated; there did not seem to be any signs of persistent ischemic injury nor reperfusion injury at the time. On the other hand, had the patient been without adequate perfusion for longer than it actually took to revive him, permanent injury would have resulted."
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Infant Mortality in Tennessee, 2008.
A review of proposed legislation in Tennessee to provide home visit nurses in the hope of reducing infant mortality there.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the proposed Tennessee legislation for the Nurse Home Visitor Program, Tennessee House Bill 1892 and Senate Bill 2040. The program is designed to provide funding and structure to provide home visit nurses to aid in the reduction of the Tennessee infant mortality rate. This paper reviews the discouraging present state of affairs of infant mortality in Tennessee and the disparate effect upon White and African-American mothers. Finally the papper reviews the present state of the legislation and the fiscal impact of the program.
From the Paper
"The death of an infant child whether in utero, at birth, or within the first year of life is a tragedy that no family should endure. This is not only a traumatic event for the affected family, it affects the community at large and is a reflection of society in whole. The infant mortality rate for Tennessee in 2004 was 8.6 per thousand live born infants, nearly fifty percent higher than the national average of 6.6 ("Tennessee's Racial Disparity," 2006, p.2). This not only a fifty percent increase in the likelihood a family in Tennessee will experience the sadness of loosing an infant child, but it reflects poorly upon the state of public health in the state. The unfortunate state of affairs of public health was recognized by the Tennessee General Assembly, and a bill was introduced in February of 2007 to provide for nurse home visitations for low income, first-time mothers to provide prenatal through first year care for infants ("Bill History Section," 2007)."
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Throat Cancer, 2008.
This paper looks at how the treatment for laryngeal cancer effects the patient's voice and speech.
964 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the risk factors and causes of throat cancer, as well as the treatments for the cancer and the resulting voice impairments. The paper futher discusses how speech rehabilitation and assistive devices impact on the emotional and psychological status of a patient. In light of this, the paper then offers recommendations for speech rehabilitation.
From the Paper
"Cancer of the throat can be caused by a virus or by lifestyle habits such as a long history of smoking or excessive alcohol intake. When a virus is involved, the prevalence is much higher for women whose cancer develops because of an infection with papillomavirus (HPV), which is the same virus that causes cancer of the cervix (American Cancer Society, 2007). When throat cancer is not caused by smoking and alcohol, the prognosis is good with radiation therapy. The likelihood of the cancer returning and leading to death is reduced for patients whose cancer originates with a virus (American Cancer Society, 2007)."
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Caring for the Elderly, 2008.
This paper identifies the issues in palliative care for geriatric patients.
1,407 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces the topic of palliative care for geriatric patients by explaining that the purpose of bringing attention to common problems in elderly patients is to avoid or alleviate some of the difficulties encountered prior to the final transition from life. The paper looks at elderly patients' propensity for being undiagnosed, misdiagnosed or under-treated in the areas of pain, confusion, satiety and anorexia, and gastrointestinal distress. The paper addresses the psychosocial issues of fears and depression and notes the importance of support systems to ease transition from life to death.
Outline:
Introduction
Altered Presentation of Health Problems
Psychosocial Issues
From the Paper
"The geriatric population is gradually becoming the largest single demographic group worldwide. Ironically, efforts to address their special health care needs, especially with regard to palliative care, continues to progress at a slow pace to such a point that the present crop of health care professionals will be unable to adapt quickly enough to meet geriatrics' specialized needs (Besdine, Boult, Brangman, Coleman, Fried, Gerety et al, 2005; Swiss Academy of Medicine, 2004). The National Institute of Health (NIH, 2004) has reiterated this and the assessment that end-of-life care is particularly incoherent regarding its development and establishment as a science and have yet to develop consistent use of validated measures and explore further new interventions. The primary objective of this acute care nurse practitioner content development manuscript is to concisely consolidate salient features and issues regarding common clinical presentations of geriatric patients for use in a clinical setting. While this may drastically contrast from the approaches to palliative care, it is the contention of this paper that, through bringing attention these common manifestations in elderly patients, some of the difficulties encountered prior to the final transition from life can be avoided or at least alleviated."
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AIDS in Society and Healthcare, 2008.
This paper looks at the effects of AIDS on society and healthcare today.
1,657 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the prevalence of AIDS in third world countries and focuses specifically on the burden carried by women. The paper conveys the seriousness of the AIDS epidemic and asserts that the prevention of an AIDS epidemic must be a priority of doctors. The paper also contends that public education work must continue as well as efforts to help women who too often contract AIDS. The paper further points out, that although preventing AIDS is a pragmatic approach, some thought must be given to millions who are infected in the present, often through no fault of their own.
Outline:
Introduction
The Third World Scenario
The Burden Carried By Women
Reflection
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"AIDS is family disease, in terms of its burden placed on the kin of the patient and in the aftermath of an AIDS death. The AIDS epidemic has burdened healthcare systems that must cope with many cases, particularly in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond that are least able to manage what can be a costly disease. In 2005, more than 25 million persons had died of AIDS and an estimated 39 million persons were HIV positive, in treatment, awaiting degenerative changes. (Ashford:2007:1) Other UN agency estimates refer to 40 million HIV positive persons, globally, showing a consistent aspect of Epidemiology in figures that must be estimated by actuarial means though approaches based on such figures must be hoped to suit what materializes in one area or another. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide in repercussions stressed by Kristofferson in changing of whole societies and human security. (2000:1) "
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Fall Prevention in the Elderly, 2008.
A literature review discussing the use of restraints to prevent falls in elderly patients in nursing homes.
1,209 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the use of physical or chemical restraints as a preventive measure against falls in elderly patients. It analyzes the literature which implies that restraints do not decrease the incidence of falls and questions whether restraints should still be used to prevent falls in elderly patients in nursing homes. The paper then provides some recommendations to the problem.
Table of Contents:
Problem
Background of the Problem
Scope
Evidence Based on Literature
Recommendations
Strategies for Integration
From the Paper
"A decrease in mental status, with or without psychoactive drug use, and a perceived risk for falls was associated with subsequent restraint use, reiterating the need for patient assessment and treating the underlying condition rather than relying on restraints. Pharmacological assessment of psychotropic drugs, cardiovascular and neurological assessment of nursing home residents should be carried out in at-risk patients for falls (Lyons, 2004, Recommendation A). At-risk patients with a pertinent history for the above should be reviewed and acted upon accordingly and avoidance of restraint use due to the increased risk of falls and injuries (Lyons, 2004; Park, Hsiao-Chen Tang & Ledford, 2005, Recommendation A)."
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Tobacco: Tax It!!, 2008.
This paper traces the history of tobacco, known early to be the cause of cancerous deaths, and argues that tobacco taxes should be greatly increased.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as early as the 1800s, scientist began to recognize that nicotine was so poisonous that it could be used as an insecticide and that pure nicotine could kill humans. The author focuses on the dangers of secondhand smoke because she is appalled that, in the 21st century, there is still disbelief about its danger. The paper stresses that the taxes and laws that have come to fruition over the past 20 years are from nonsmokers speaking out. The author feels that, if the majority of smokers feel they have a right to be intolerant of nonsmokers who wish to live a healthier life, then they should have to pay for the privilege of smoking. The paper concludes that smoking, if not banded, should be taxed so high that it is unaffordable.
Table of Contents:
History and Health Issues of Tobacco in America
Tobacco Will Kill You
Where Do We Go from Here?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1492, Christopher Columbus was offered dried tobacco by the American Indians as a gift. Columbus and his sailors brought tobacco back to Europe and it has grown their ever since. Again the supposed medicinal purposes of tobacco resulted in extreme popularity in Europe as it did in America. Thomas Harriet has the historical place in history as being the first to promote the smoking of tobacco as a way to get your recommended daily dose. It must be noted that Harriet died of nose cancer thought to be caused by exhaling the smoke from tobacco through his nose which was popular at the time."
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Antisocial Personality Disorder, 2008.
An analysis of the signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of antisocial personality disorder.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses antisocial personality disorder, which refers to a chronic condition whereby people exhibit no concern for the rights of others. It describes the signs and symptoms of the disorder, as well as its possible causes. It then looks at risk factors associated with the disorder. Finally, the paper discusses diagnosis and assessment of the disorder, as well as treatment options.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Signs and Symptoms
Causes
Risk Factors
When to Seek Medical Advice
Screening and Diagnosis
Complications
Treatment
Prevention
Coping Skills
From the Paper
"Psychotherapy enables people with antisocial personality disorder to develop needed interpersonal skills as well as a code of ethics. The problem with psychotherapy is that it is based in a strong therapist-patient relationship. Establishing such a relationship is a problem because the person is usually angry and emotionally unstable. They have problems with interpersonal skills and are impulsive. Group therapy is sometimes an option. When there is a high risk of self-harm or harm to others, people with antisocial personality disorder may be hospitalized so that they can be monitored at all times."
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Healthcare Governance Interviews, 2008.
A discussion of interviews with the Director of Record Services and the Director of Medicare/Medicaid Billing at the Vanderbilt Medical Center.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Vanderbilt Medical Center, one of the State of Tennessee's largest employers, in tandem with its parent organization, Vanderbilt University. Two directors within the Vanderbilt Medical Center were interviewed in relation to their responsibilities, the level of their influence and input into the organization, as well as their general purview of the organization's operations. Comparing the two interviews, the paper concludes that there seems to be a wide disparity in the degree of organizational involvement between these two departmental managers.
Outline:
Organization Overview
Director of Record Services
Director of Medicare/Medicaid Billing
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Vanderbilt Medical Center is budgeting for capital expenses across the spectrum of its operations. In that light, my sense was that not only was Mr. Alvarez apparently given access to the center's top management but he was also a trusted member of its informal advisory committee regarding fiscal policy and management. While his direct departmental responsibilities and tasks were not related to overall center budgeting processes, his input regarding the Medicare/Medicaid payments and services was considered critical to the Vanderbilt Medical Center's ongoing financial viability."
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Chiropractic Care, 2008.
This paper discusses lifelong chiropractic care and its effect on
overall wellness.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that chiropractic care consists of acute injury management, rehabilitative care, maintenance care, and supportive care. The author points out that lifelong chiropractic care primarily consists of maintenance care, which is designed to allow a person to feel well and to function at a high level. The paper relates that, when the problem is poor body mechanics, posture and ergonomic interventions are provided. The author underscores that geriatric chiropractic care is important because of a rapidly aging population as the baby boom generation grows older. The paper states that one of the main reasons that people of middle age and older adults visit chiropractors is because of low back pain complaints.
From the Paper
"The results of a Northern California survey showed that "the majority of respondents perceived the benefit of alternative therapies as very beneficial or somewhat beneficial." In addition, when people do visit a chiropractor, it is normally because their family physician will recommend taking that course of action. The most common question that people have about chiropractic care is related to how effective it might be. People who make use of chiropractic services tend to return again for those services later."
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