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The Most Effective Pain Assessment Methods, 2008.
An analysis of the most effective pain assessment methods to use with infants as compared with the Wong-Baker Pain Scale.
1,863 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes the best pain assessment method for infants in the neonatal ward of a hospital. The paper assumes that the Wong-Baker standard is the comparator, and evaluates several techniques as addressed in a number of clinical studies performed over the past few years. The paper points out that the lack of ability of nurses to consistently judge infant pain can lead to inconsistent application of anti-pain medications, and variability in the amount of pain caused to an infant during necessary procedures. The paper also explains that diagnosis generally precedes therapy in medicine. Good, consistent diagnosis of situations that cause pain can lead to novel methods to reduce that pain. The writer believes that nurses do not intend to be either inaccurate or to judge differently than their fellow nurses.
Outline:
Introduction
The Wong-Baker Pain Scale
Measuring Neonatal Pain is More Difficult
The Need for More Objective Infant Pain Measurement
PIPP: The Most Comprehensive and Complicated Method
Analysis of the PIPP for the Neonatal Ward
CRIES Method to Assess Pain
High Variability Questions Accuracy of PIPP
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There was an interesting mid-level 'pain' measurement included in the Kritjansen study: movement which should not have caused pain. It was interesting to note that the PIPP score was significantly higher than the resting state, and lower than during the time that the infants should have felt pain. This suggests that the PIPP is measuring more than pain, or conversely that activities like changing diapers cause pain to the baby (probably less likely). Two other limitations of the study should be covered when evaluating PIPP as an indicator of pain: the difficulty of measuring all seven elements in a busy neonatal ward, and the variability between nurses."
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The Biological Basis for Personality, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of environmental cues on the genetic predisposition of personality development.
2,561 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper is based on the premise that personality development is affected by the environmental cues an individual experiences throughout his or her life, within the confines of the genetic predisposition. It analyzes this perspective by focusing on two critical points. It discusses that there is an emerging consensus as to what constitutes the fundamental dimensions of personality traits and it suggests that these traits have a strong biological and evolutionary basis.
From the Paper
"Though it can be difficult to accept from a philosophical perspective, the evidence gleaned from several large twin studies clearly concludes that genetics plays a significant role in determining personality, accounting for roughly two-thirds of all observed personality differences. With such a significant influence, it becomes evidence that the role of the environment is greatly diminished and likely only affects how biological personality traits will express themselves, not which traits will develop. From a practical perspective, this means that clinicians must shift from an environmental control model of treatment to one that more fully addresses the basic biological underpinnings of personality development and personality disorders."
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Health Educator Strategic Plan, 2008.
Creates a student's personal strategic plan to become a competent health educator.
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an objective overview of a student's critique regarding her standing as a competent health educator. An objective overview of the different competencies obtained, relative strengths and opportunities for improvement are presented. An outline of the student's strategic plan over the next three years is also presented.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competencies, Strengths, Weaknesses and Professional Development
Strategic Plan
Overall Goal 1
Sub-objective #1
Date
Action Plan
Resources needed
Sub-objective #2
Date
Action Plan
Resources needed
Overall Goal 2
Date
Sub-objective #1
Date to be accomplished
Action Plan
Resources needed
Sub-objective #2
Date to be accomplished Action Plan
Resources needed
From the Paper
"The comprehension of concepts is key in health education, especially in an evidence-based field such as health. However, opportunities for this type of professional development are demanding on time and resources, particularly busy academic institutions. Banning (2005), in a qualitative study, found that different levels of evidence were utilized according to one's appreciation of them, suggesting that prior training in the use of these resources for continuing education can influence users' perceptions and appreciation of evidence-based practice."
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The Heelstick Method of Testing in Neonates, 2008.
A review of a published paper titled "Longitudinal Comparison of Preterm Pain Responses to Repeated Heelsticks" by J.C.Evans et al.
902 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper comments on an article presented on the evaluation method of testing pain in neonates. The paper "Longitudinal Comparison of Preterm Pain Responses to Repeated Heelsticks" by J.C.Evans et al, concludes that babies above a certain age after conception experience pain in a way that younger, earlier babies don't.
Outline:
Introduction
Are the essential components presented?
Is the problem stated with adequate background?
Is there justification for the study?
Is the problem researchable?
Variables
Conceptual framework
Literature review
What Type of Study was used?
Does the Research Design Fit?
Sample and Setting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It was difficult to tell if the study was oriented towards the use of a specific type of heel-stick method (the QuickHeel device) or heel-sticks in general. It was clear that there had been a lot of previous study of infant pain with the old, lancet-style heel stick. The authors admitted that this can skew the results. It sounds from the paper as though the old 'slice and bleed' method caused a good deal more trauma."
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Article Critique on Sucrose in Neonates, 2008.
An article critique and research methods analysis for the article, "Utilizing an Oral Sucrose Solution to Minimize Neonatal Pain" by D. G. Thompson.
852 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper critiques the article, "Utilizing an Oral Sucrose Solution to Minimize Neonatal Pain" by D. G. Thompson. The paper analyzes the research methods of the study and specifically discusses whether the stated object fits with the data presented. The paper then argues that the author of the article missed his primary target and should have aimed at a different conclusion.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Are the Essential Components Presented?
Is the Problem Stated with Adequate Background?
Is There Justification for the Study?
Is the Problem Research-able?
Variables
Conceptual Framework
Literature Review
Does the Literature Review Present Theories that Support/Oppose the Expected Study Results?
Does the Literature Review Conclude with a Brief Summary?
What Type of Study was Used?
Does the Research Design Fit?
Sample and Setting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This was not a double-blind study, and it would have been difficult to do so. A sham was established in previous cited studies, in which some pacifiers were dipped in water rather than sucrose solution. We do not know from the description if the neonatal nurses were aware of which pacifier was which."
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Eating Disorders, 2008.
An overview of the causes, symptoms and treatment of eating disorders.
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how an important issue affecting many young women in Western society is eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). It examines how with accurate diagnosis and treatment, the hope for recovery is great. It also contends that the societal issues that drive young women into such disorders need to be addressed before a complete eradication of such a disorder can be had.
Outline:
Introduction
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
Anorexia and Bulimia: Symptoms and Diagnosis
The Causes of Eating Disorders
Health Complications of Eating Disorders
Eating Disorders and Relevant Treatments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"CBT is often used to treat eating disorders because cognition and affect is related to the behavioral manifestations of the eating disorder. CBT works by attempting to modify the "negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional assumptions relating to food, weight and shape, and the breaking of behavioural and physiological chains that maintain the unhealthy eating behaviours and cognitions" (238). CBT does not appear to be as effective for AN patients as it is for BN patients. Nonetheless, research has indicated that certain aspects of anorexia do react well to such treatment, such as "body image disturbance...to exposure and cognitive challenge" (citing e.g. Norris 1984; 238)."
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Nursing Interview, 2008.
An analysis of an interview with the author's aging client.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the author's interview with an aging client, called Mrs. S. The main part of the analysis focuses on the section of the interview where Mrs. S mentions her arthritis and the dialogue that followed. The author relates that, during the interview, she discovered, that Mrs. S has another chronic condition, diabetes, but is coping well with both illnesses. The author further relates that the purpose of the interview, in this case, was to learn about a client and she learned that this client has not only lived a full life but is also maintaining her quality of life.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis of Interpersonal Skills and Communication Style
Strengths in the Interview
Challenges in the Interview
Use of Self during the Interview
Learning Goals
Summary
From the Paper
"Jourdain (2004) discusses four communication styles, the first of which is the sanguine or expressive and spirited style of communication. That style would best describe my own approach. I made use of encouraging words and phrases such as 'um hum' and 'I understand'. I was careful to remain nonjudgmental and to try to have empathy by placing myself in her position. I tried to guide the interview but was careful not to control the responses offered by Mrs. S."
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Nursing and Renal Failure, 2008.
This paper examines how patients cope with chronic renal disease and provides a personal view.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses the coping abilities, beliefs and relationships of clients dealing with chronic renal disease as well as her personal beliefs about family, health and hope. The writer focuses on a case study of a client with renal disease undergoing hemodialysis and shows how patients face a lot of challenges in their lives, notwithstanding the physiological and psychological stress of this condition. The writer also offers several personal reflections regarding the experience.
Outline:
Introduction
Patient Case
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Currently, her problems during dialysis include leg cramping, for which hypertonic saline and locally applied pressure were given and done, respectively with relief of cramping. She also complained of easy fatigability of her left forearm and hand, especially when doing repetitive tasks, which was also the arm used for hemodialysis vascular access. This was also associated with blanching of her fingers. Other problems include being underweight, for which IDPN at each dialysis session was given. She was also advised by her physician of the need for a sufficient calorie reserve due to her increased risk for systemic infection and fractures, the former exemplified by a recent bout of pneumonia. "
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Wrong Site Surgery, 2008.
An analysis of the incidence and implications of wrong site surgery.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on wrong site surgery. The paper establishes the scope of wrong site surgery and the issues that pertain to wrong site surgery in the health care community. The paper also establishes the fact that there is a history of wrong site surgeries, with more being evidenced abroad than in the United States. Finally, the paper provides evidence that wrong site surgeries have the ability to negatively impact life, as well as end life that may have flourished.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Description of Problem
Method for Resolution
Objective
Support for Resolution of Problem
From the Paper
"Although there is a concern for law suits, the quality of life of the patient and the trust between the community and the health care system in relation to wrong site surgeries, there must also be a concern for ethics (Kapp, 1998, p. 142). According to Kapp (1998), medical practitioners can create any number of excuses to justify why errors occur in the operating room, but it is the responsibility of all within the health care system to ensure that resolutions to the issue be discovered and implemented to ensure that mistakes are erased (p. 142). It is evident, therefore, that an effective solution must be developed that is ethically sound and that considers the needs of patients above all else."
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Margaret Newman's Nursing Theory, 2008.
An analysis of Margaret Newman's health as expanding consciousness theory and a comparison of the theory with Martha Rogers' unitary theory.
1,893 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines Margaret Newman's history, including the development of her health as expanding consciousness theory. The paper also examines the basic tenets of the theory and discusses two examples of expanding consciousness in nursing practice. Finally, the paper compares and contrasts Newman's theory with that of Martha Rogers' unitary theory.
Table of Contents:
Margaret Newman
The Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
A Critique of Newman's Theory
Newman's Theory and Rogers' Unitary Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Newman's theory is not particularly accessible to most people in or out of the nursing profession. Neither is it particularly congruent with reality. Referring back to McKenna, this theory does not appear to be a nursing theory as such, because it does not treat nursing as a unique profession (1997, p. 234). McKenna discusses the analysis of 62 nursing theories in terms of how their internal validity would stand up to testing. Of the 62 theories, McKenna indicates that only nine reached adequate levels of empirical testing. In the case of a grand theory such as Newman's empirical testing is difficult at best; it would seem unlikely that sufficient testing could be done to test its validity. In summation, then, while Newman's abstract theory may produce some basis for discussion, as a nursing theory its practical use is negligible."
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Care Assessment and Religious Beliefs, 2008.
This paper looks at religious and philosophical factors as influencing health care structures.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Sunrise model that identifies the factors which influence people's care and well-being. The paper focuses on religious and philosophical factors and applies them to two diverse cultures, the Arab Muslim culture and the Gadsup of New Guinea. The paper then shows how the simple or complex social and care structures of extremely diverse cultures can be traced back to their religious and philosophical beliefs.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Sunrise Model
Religious and Philosophical Factors
Arab Muslims
The Gadsup of New Guinea
Use of the Factor in the Final Paper
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Sunrise Model is useful for care assessment and for gaining a comprehensive of beneficial care practices. The goal of the theory underlying the model is to provide the knowledge needed to "provide culturally congruent care to individuals, families, and groups and for health institutions" (Leininger & McFarland, 2002, p. 83). The outcome of the model will be the use of appropriate theoretical modes of culture-care actions and decisions. The three possible modes of nursing action are: culture care preservation/maintenance; culture care accommodation/negotiations; and culture care repatterning/restructuring. The information needed to guide culture-care actions and decisions is based on information from the lower and upper areas of the model."
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Nursing Client Care, 2008.
This paper discusses the empowerment of nursing and its importance in nurse-patient relationships.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that the empowerment of nursing is a role or function that can only be addressed by deconstructing the daily lives of nurses. The writer points out that the relationship between nurse and client is a front line relationship - the nurse is the primary care giver and the first medical person the client sees. The writer reviews different articles that take the profession of nursing and show how the need for interdependent relationships between nurse and nurse and nurse and client are imperative to attaining empowerment and powerful relationships. The writer maintains that education is the key to empowerment and building powerful relationships, as the more well-rounded a nurse is the better the nurse-client relationship and the nurse-nurse relationship. The writer concludes that the interdependent relationship of the nurse needing the patient and the patient needing the nurse is fundamental in the industry.
Outline:
Introduction
Article Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The article concludes that patient advocacy is a major issue in current nursing situations. More and more nursing are finding power in stepping forward in what they consider to be the best interest of the patient - sometimes this is just making sure that the patient's wishes are being listened to and respected by the medical staff. The authors believe that true patient advocacy can only be realized when al 3 attributes listed above is present. Empowerment, power and powerlessness are the crux of nurse-patient relationships. The interdependent relationship between the three creates a shared balance of power between client and nurse and nurse and other medical staff."
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Instructional Technology, 2008.
A look at the use of human patient simulators for training nurses.
1,002 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how human patient simulators (HPSs) have been used in teaching students the fundamentals of pathophysiology, pharmacology and acute incident management, initially by medical schools for more than two decades and how they have only been introduced and utilized by nursing undergraduate and graduate education schools for less than a decade. The human patient simulator (HPS) by Medical Education Technologies, Inc. (METI) is utilized in this discussion.
Outline:
Hardware, Software and Faculty Support
Technology Competency Skills Required
From the Paper
"The scenario editor possesses more than 70 pre-scripted event scenarios that allow the instructor to create different situations that occur over the course of treatment of the "patient." Like the patient editor, it allows for tailoring of a standard scenario template to accomplish specific learning objectives or the creation of a custom scenario. Finally, a data recorder creates a precise record of patient interventions done by a specific user at a specific time index, which can be stored or printed for evaluation purposes. "
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS in Africa, 2008.
A research proposal to look into the transmission of AIDS from mothers to their babies.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal on the topic of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of AIDS in Africa. It includes information regarding effective ways to prevent MTCT, and highlights the sad truth that these methods are under-utilized, and that women in Africa are often powerless to protect themselves from and their unborn children from the virus.
Outline:
Background/Rationale
Objectives
Methodology
Expected Outcomes
From the Paper
"In addition, AIDS in Africa is mainly heterosexually transmitted, and is more associated with poverty than with any particular sexual preference. Experts speculate that this may be partly due to the fact that poverty in Africa is all too often accompanied by untreated sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). These STDs can lead to lesions in the genital region, and the lesions allow for easier transmission of the HIV virus. Because AIDS in Africa is about poverty, it should be addressed with social programs. And as social programs should be based on sound research, the more research that is done on this topic, the better (Barnett and Whiteside, 2002)."
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Ethics and Dilemmas of Patient Care, 2008.
A case study illustrating the lack of basic care afforded patients and what nurses must do as advocates for their patients.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a nursing situation that demonstrates the role and responsibility of nurses as advocates of patient safety and quality of care. The paper discusses the issues raised in this particular situation such as lack of time for nurses to offer even basic care to their patients, harm caused to patients because of not getting basic care, the patient's and family's right to know, how the truth should be told, and the problems connected with whistle-blowing. The paper then looks at possible options and resolutions for dealing with the issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Core Issues in the Situation
Potential Options
Analysis of Each Option
Theoretically Defensible Position
What Made the Situation Challenging?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"refers to adhering to high moral principles or professional standards.
In this series on the heart of nursing, the role of integrity in nursing practice merits a mention. Every year, market researchers conduct a poll in various countries to find out how the population surveyed rate a range of professions and occupations in relation to honesty and ethical standards. In Australia, the UK and the United States, nurses are frequently ranked number one, or pretty close to it. In the US, nurses have been ranked top for 'honesty and integrity' every year since 1999, except 2001, when they were ranked second.
"Being honest is at the heart of our work. That is why the charge nurse is still upset about the part he played in Meg's care, and why nurses often go home troubled because they have not, in their own eyes, been able to maintain integrity in their practice."
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Workshop: Jean Watson's Theory, 2008.
Presents a proposed nursing workshop to instill Jean Watson's theory of human caring and transpersonal care.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the overall goal of the nursing education workshop presented by the paper is to present the core concepts of Jean Watson's theory of human caring and transpersonal care through reflections on clinical practice, interpersonal experience, and past educational experiences. The paper then discusses the particular overall objectives of the workshop as well as the methodology for evaluating the workshop. Lastly, the paper describes a survey that will be used in the survey.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overall Goal for the Workshop
Overall Objectives for this Workshop
Methodology to Evaluate Workshop Training
End of Course Survey
From the Paper
"Banning (2005), in a qualitative study, found that the different levels of evidence were utilized according to their appreciation of them, suggesting that prior training in the use of these resources for continuing education can influence nurses' perceptions of and appreciation for evidence-based practice. Multiple sources of support in health care organizations from management by promoting a culture of receptivity to change and encouragement of this practice can empower nurses to shift towards more confident implementation of evidence-based practice."
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