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Genetically Modified Foods, 2001.
This paper examines the positive and negative impacts of genetically modified food.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the many potential and proven benefits resulting from the usage of genetically modified organisms such as longer lasting and better tasting fruits and vegetables, crops that require less use of pesticides, and improved nutrient content in certain foods. The author also examines specific problems with using such organisms.
From the Paper
"The scientific and social communities are currently engaged in a heated debate about the benefits versus the risks of Genetically Modified foods. The benefits are predicted to aid the agriculture community and humans while the risks are expected to also affect the ecosystem and humans negatively. Two specific examples of GM?s?soybeans and corn---are currently in the forefront in this controversial and unresolved issue."
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World Water Supply in Crisis, 2001.
This paper discusses the crisis that planet Earth is facing regarding drinking water.
3,170 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses where the world?s water sources are located, what classes of contaminants are found in drinking water, how it is processed to become safe for human consumption, and lastly, special attention is given to the problem of lead in drinking water.
From the Paper
"The type of water we generally use in human activities is freshwater. Only 3% of the world's water supply is freshwater and two-thirds of that is frozen, forming the polar ice caps, glaciers, and icebergs. The remaining 1% of the total world water supply is freshwater available as either surface water or ground water; ground water accounts for two-thirds of this amount. Surface water is water that is visible above the ground surface, such as creeks, rivers, ponds and lakes. Ground water is water that either fills the spaces between soil particles or penetrates the cracks and spaces within rocks. Most people get their water from ground water sources. Roughly 9 out of every 10 public water systems. Public water systems operate wells to tap ground water and just over half of the total population served by Public water system drinks water from a ground water source. Millions more get their water from private wells which also tap ground water sources. Ground water systems tend to serve smaller numbers of people, while surface water systems generally serve large populations. The quantity and quality of the world's water supply depends on how we choose to use water. Our use can be consumptive, which means that the water is not returned to nature (such as drinking water), or noncomsumptive. Nonconsumptive use returns water, polluted or not, to the system. Creating hydroelectric power is an example of nonconsumptive use. "
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The Effects of the Brown Tree Snake on Guam's Avifauna, 2000.
This paper examines the environmental damage that has been caused in the island of Guam as a result of the brown tree snake.
2,850 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the effects that the brown tree snake had on the wildlife of Guam. The brown tree snake, accidentally imported to Guam shortly after World War II, appeared all over the island and ended up killing several species of the native forest birds that lived in Guam. This paper is a historical description of the development of the brown tree snake as a plague. It details the origin of the Brown Tree Snake and the terrible effects it had on the island of Guam. Moreover, this paper shows the environmental effects on the development of the Island.
From the Paper
"Determining the number of animal species existing on the island of Guam prior to the arrival of humans has presented a distinct difficulty. From archeological excavations on the nearby island of Rota, scientists have determined that the original human colonists' domesticated animals extirpated many species thousands of years ago (Chiszar et al1997). World War II "subjected" Guam to naval bombardment so severe that some artillery fire leveled some forests (Chiszar et al 1997). After the war, extensive seeding of the island took place with an exotic legume (Leucaena leucocephala.) It permanently replaced native trees over vast areas (Chiszar et al 1997). The fauna of Guam seemed stable until the 1960's. At this time Wildlife authorities noticed the entire absence of birds from the southern one-third of the island. The boundary of the absence of birds seemed to be moving steadily northward. Birds were missing from the southern two-thirds of the island by the end of the 1970's (Enbring & Ramsey 1983). Thirteen years later, in 1983, all 10 forest species occurred concurrently only in 160 ha of mature forest beneath the cliff line at the northern tip of Guam, with a few species still occupying parts of the northern plateau (Savidge 1987). The early 1980's reveals many factors blamed for the decline in Guam's forest birds. Disease, pesticides, habitat loss, hunting, and introduced species evolve as the major suspect reasons. Elimination of the forest's mosquitoes that possibly harbor avian malaria or avian pox brought an influx of pesticide usage. During World War II to the-mid 1970's, the military used pesticides such as DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons to kill the mosquitoes (Enbring & Ramsy 1983). Pesticides might have caused declines in the past; therefore, it cannot be ruled out as a cause for the earlier reed-warbler extinction (Reichel et al 1992). Tests conducted in 1981 indicate low pesticide levels on Guam. Pesticides probably were not responsible for the current declines of forest birds (Reichel et al 1992). The years since 1945 have witnessed an increase in weedy species, though substantial native habitat remains in southern and northern Guam. Birds have disappeared from forests that previously supported healthy bird populations (Savidge 1987)."
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Blight of a Nation, 2002.
A look at the conflicting views over the causes and events of the Irish Potato Famine.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the conflicting opinions surrounding the Potato Famine that destroyed Ireland's crop in the 1840's. Some issues that are discussed are: who is to blame for the catastrophe, what could have done to prevent it and just how many people were killed in the famine.
From the Paper
"In the 1840's, a fungus, Phytophthora infestans but commonly known as the blight, attacked and destroyed most of Ireland's potato crop. That is about the only fact that scholars and citizens alike agree upon. Ever since these events, debates have raged over nearly every aspect of the tragedy. One issue, albeit a small one, is what to call the events of the 40's. The hottest battle, as is so often the case, is over who is to blame. Most theories revolve around the British, and range from claims of incompetence to outright accusations of genocide. More modern views focus on the inefficient system of landownership and rampant overpopulation of Ireland. Beyond culpability, is the question of what could have been done to either avert the tragedy or to lessen the suffering of those involved. Even the actual number of people who died as a result of either starvation or related diseases remains a mystery to this day. Certainly, none of these questions have easy answers; however, it is important to examine conflicting points of view in order to develop a full picture of the "Great Hunger" and the people it has touched."
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Globalization and the Food Industry, 2002.
This essay reviews issues such as GM foods and biotechnology as possible problems in a growing global community.
2,570 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
This essay explores the results of globalization on the food industry in regards to an increasing global population. It reviews issues such as GM foods, biotechnology, and over/under consumption in analyzing how a growing global community might sustain itself in the future. Also, it discusses the cutting out of small time farmers in light of biotechnology.
The essay concludes that a reassessment of globalization needs to be done in order to sustain civilization.
From the Paper
"In a rapidly developing community such as ours, where economic growth and higher standards of living are replacing the worries of daily existence with goals of material success, our continuation in the direction of bigger and better things has never been doubted. Technology has been a major player in this trend, touching on our lives in nearly every way possible. When one reflects upon technology, one immediately thinks of cellular phones, the internet, automobiles, and various other non-essential aspects of life. While our technological evolution has been a topic of great debate, over whether such advances have led to a push towards laziness and social isolation, one must remember that technology reaches far beyond the spheres of social culture and into the realm of our basic needs as human beings. The infringement of technology on today's food production has, of late, been a rather moot subject, but is nonetheless one that must be addressed as an issue of major concern. Although globalization has often been seen as an advance for the bettering of the quality of life, this is one instance that might prove to be quite the opposite."
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Deforestation in Developing Countries, 1999.
This paper discusses the causes of deforestation in developing countries and outlines ways in which they might be countered.
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different types of deforestation and their causes, and suggests various areas in which possible solutions may be found. Both tropical deforestation and dry forest clearing are addressed. Increased population growth, agribusiness, cattle ranching, and small-scale farming and wood collecting are among the reasons given for destruction of forests. Proposed solutions include a discussion of preservation policies, greater economic use of forests currently destroyed, and 'tolerant forest management'.
From the Paper
"The deforestation of vegetation has been carried out for millennia, in all parts of the world inhabited by man. But in recent decades, with the growth of ?green? issues in general, great concern has been raised about deforestation and it?s causes, especially in developing countries, which do not safeguard their forests in the way the west usually does. The term deforestation is vague, which makes it difficult to define, record and make comparisons. But deforestation can generally be divided into two broad categories. These are tropical deforestation (the clearing of dense rainforests, usually for agricultural purposes) and dry forest clearing (where trees are generally cut for firewood (Todaro: 1997). We shall look here at the causes of deforestation in developing countries in all it?s forms, and then hopefully outline possible solutions to the apparent destruction caused to the bio-diversity of plants and animals, and environmental stability. "
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Tomato Research and Information, 2000.
A look at the buying practices and technical information about the vegetable business with a focus on tomatoes.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper contains information on the history of tomatoes, buying practices, ways to grow the tomatoes, statistical information, prices, and charts are also included.
From the Paper
"The tomato is native to the Americas. Aztecs and Incas initially cultivated it as early as 700 AD. Europeans first saw the tomato when the Conquistadors reached Mexico and Central America in the 16th century. Tomato seeds were taken back to Europe where they reached the Mediterranean countries of Spain, Portugal and Italy. (1) As the tomato traveled north, it was a mystery to most people. The French called it "The Apple of Love," the Germans "The Apple of Paradise;" but the British, saw the tomato as a food-they at first believed it was poisonous. This same fear was among early settlers in the United States until the early 19th century; but in 1812, the Creoles in New Orleans enhanced gumbos and jambalayas. The people of Maine quickly discovered tomatoes and added it as an ingredient with local seafood. (1)"
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Winemaking, 2002.
This paper examines the winemaking process from ancient times to modern day.
2,350 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine ancient and modern winemaking techniques. Just as the social significance of wine has remained fairly unchanged over the years, so has the way in which it is produced. The author specifically discusses the relationship that exists between modern techniques and those described by the ancient sources.
From the paper:
"This paper has shown the relationship that exists between modern winemaking techniques and those described by the ancient sources. Although modern technologies have been applied to the process, the basic techniques and methods of production remain predominantly unchanged. Through the examination of all wine production processes from the creation of a vineyard to the storage of wine, this paper has compared the similarities and differences between ancient and modern techniques."
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Then and Now: Life was Beautiful, 2001.
This paper examines how the advent of agriculture stopped the evolutionary progression of our bodies and at the same time created a new means to destroy them.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses the revolutionary transition from hunting and gathering to food production. The writer details life before agriculture as well as the pros of agriculture and the Neolithic revolution.
From the paper:
?Our bodies and our minds were not designed for this modern world, nor were they designed for the world of agriculture. Besides paranoia, isolation, disease, stratification, and an increase in specialization, agriculture also caused many changes in the physical health of the individuals. Agriculture may provide a somewhat steady source of food but it also provides a limited variety of foods. In the early days of food production the types of foods grown were severely limited, this led to a sense of monotony in the diet.?
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Legalization of Industrial Hemp, 2002.
This essay discusses the reasons why the growing and production of hemp should be legalized in the United Sates.
1,530 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the illogical nature of the Unites States? ban on hemp. The author presents many examples of the practical uses of hemp in society and also presents reasons why hemp is wrongfully considered a dangerous plant.
From the paper:
"How many times have Americans wished there was one simple solution to so many of the major problems of today, such as deforestation and sub-standard building supplies? Industrial hemp is a possible solution to many of these problems and more, however, a problem with using hemp for these purposes is that it is currently illegal to grow hemp in the United States. If we as a country were to abolish this law, we could easily put an end to so many of today?s dilemmas. Growing of industrial hemp should be legalized in the United States."
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The Crop Controversy, 2001.
Explains the effects of genetically modified crops.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This is a detailed descriptive, persuasive paper about the effects of genetically modified crops. The author discusses genetic engineering and clearly defines many difficult biological terms, and how the Food and Drug Administration plays a major role in the legalization of genetically modified crops.
From the Paper
"Genetically engineered crops have killed dozens of people throughout the United States of America and Europe , and have harmed thousands of others. Governments of the world should outlaw genetically modified agricultural products to ensure that no other lives will be susceptible to the same type of danger. Scientists first designed genetically altered crops to resist herbicides. Genetically modified crops were also not intended for human consumption. In fact, they were intended for better yields, resistance to herbicides, and cheaper feed for livestock, such as cattle, sheep, poultry, etc. The FDA is now investigating genetically modified crops to see if they should ban them in the United States of America ."
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The American Agriculture Industry, 2001.
A discussion on the American agriculture industry by focusing on cranberry growing.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the American agriculture industry in general, and the cranberry growing sector in particular. The author explains how cranberry growing affects other agricultural and non-agricultural areas such as economics and cosmetics. In addition, cranberry growing enables the US to penetrate and compete with international markets.
From the Paper
"The vitality that characterizes United States agriculture began to develop more than two centuries ago, at the arrival of the Industrial Revolution. From the earliest days of United States History, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play a vital role in any society, but farming has been particularly valued in the United States because farmers were the pinnacle of the economic virtues that Americans to this day hold in high esteem, such as hard work, initiative, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans found that owning a farm was a ticket that allowed them to participate in the American economic system, Especially immigrants who may have never were given the opportunity to own land and did not have ownership over their own labor or products."
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Air Pollution Causing Global Warming, 2001.
This paper provides a looks at at how air pollution is causing global warming by destroying the ozone.
1,985 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the causes and effects of air pollution. Other stratospheric research is concerned with the downward trends in global ozone that have recently been measured over populated regions in the mid altitudes. The author focuses on the various factors associated with global warming.
From the Paper
"Air pollution is any visible or invisible substance found in the air that is not part of the normal composition of air. Some air pollution is natural and has always been a part of the earth's history. However, over the past one hundred years or so, pollution created by humans has become a major environmental problem. Natural air pollution has been around for millions of year. Dust and a variety of gases from forest fires, volcanoes, and decaying material in rivers, oceans, and other bodies of water continually enter the atmosphere. Sometimes this natural pollution can have dramatic effects. Air pollution is a major factor in causing humans to get ill. Tuberculosis, bronchitis, heart and chest diseases, stomach disorders, asthma and cancers can all be traced to chemicals in the air. Pesticides and fertilizers release gases and particles into the air which poison people and kill animals."
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Saving the Soil, 2001.
An examination of the erupting soil depletion issue and possible solutions.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
Soil is an incredibly important resource and maintaining the fertility of our soils is a pressing issue at the forefront of environmental science as we try to feed an expanding global population. Queensland, Australia is one area of the world where soil is being depleted and degraded at an alarming rate. Through an examination of this specific resource management problem, this essay analyzes the concept of impact assessment to develop fair, efficient and effective solutions to this environmental problem.
From the Paper
?The preservation and conservation of the worlds soil is a serious resource management problem. The sustainable use of our soil will be a major challenge for the human species for many years to come. When assessing the impact of any resource management problem and developing feasible solutions to that problem certain factors must be taken into consideration. Examining the fairness, efficiency and effectiveness of a proposed solution is paramount to its potential success. A solution for soil loss that is completely unfair to farmers or ranchers will be rigorously opposed and impossible to implement.?
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Bees: Pollution and Pollination, 2001.
This paper examines how the toxicity of various environmental pollutants affect bees as pollinators.
795 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effects of environmental pollution on pollinators, specifically the honeybee, and how this organism can be used as an indicator of environmental health. Emphasis is placed on examining the toxicity and effect of various pesticides including DDT, malathion and various fungicides. In addition, the influence on the health of pollinators from atmospheric heavy metal pollution is addressed. The importance of the honeybee to the future of agriculture is the theme throughout this essay.
From the Paper
?Bees are one of the most important elements of agriculture. They are one of the most widespread and efficient pollinators. For this reason, the effects of pollution on bees is an ever growing area of interest for many scientists who fear that bee populations may be at risk from human activity. Air pollution from vehicles and industry can have adverse effects on bee populations. However, one of the greatest areas of concern is the effect of pesticides due to the direct and sometimes high exposure of foraging bees to these toxic chemicals."
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Forestry as a Resource in Canada, 2001.
This paper examines the demands that are placed on Canada's forests.
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes forestry as one of Canada's most important natural resources and focuses on the questions whether or not Canada?s forest resources can supply the world?s increasing demand for wood and wood products in a sustainable manner and what effect it will have on the Canadian economy.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Resource
4. Key Processes and Relationships of the Resource
5. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Resource Demands
6. Factors Influencing Resource Demands
7. Resource Use Patterns and Management Systems
8. Biophysical, Social and Economic Impacts of Use
9. Use Sustainability.
From the Paper
" The social impacts from the use of forests as a resource are also of major concern. There are many groups in Canadian society whose interests in the forest are based more on long term rather than short-term economic considerations. Included among such groups are aboriginal people, nature based tourism operators, rural water users, ranchers, trappers, small business owners in forest based communities, wilderness users, scientists, artists, educators and future generations of Canadians (Draper, 1998). Governments are expected to manage forests for the long term to benefit all of these people. If this does not happen the implications for these groups of people will be catastrophic. Already land settlement claims are pervasive throughout Canadian courts as aboriginal people attempt to claim the land they require to maintain their culturally distinct lives. "
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