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Business Law - Issues in Contact and Agency Law, 2008.
The paper discusses the legal issues arising from interpretations of Contract law and Agency law.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer describes the case of an individual who entered into two separate legal situations, one contractual and the other relating to Agency law. The writer relates the difficulties that arose during the course of these transactions and of the legal action taken by the individual to gain compensation for alleged losses. The author examines the history of the two disputes and the legal differences between the two cases.
From the Paper
"In Jose's mind, he had accepted the Winnebago owner's final offer to sell the Winnebago for $25,000. According to the Winnebago owner, his original offer was to sell the vehicle for $30,000. When Jose offered $20,000 instead, that was a counteroffer which he rejected immediately. The Winnebago owner had then made a new offer to sell the vehicle to Jose for $25,000 which Jose never accepted, because when Jose responded "OK. If you change your mind, please call me," that was a rejection of his last offer. As of that rejection, the parties no longer had any outstanding offers or counteroffers on the table any longer except for the seller's original published offer of $30,000. Unfortunately for Jose, the lawyer he consulted confirmed the Winnebago owner's point of view and advised Jose to forget about any claim against him for breach of contract (Halbert, 24)."
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Criminal Justice Organizations, 2008.
This paper determines the impact of occupational socialization and political power abuse on the criminal justice sector.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the police force, courts and corrections are influenced by occupational socialization and their power and political behavior. The paper shows how the high level of occupational socialization tends to corrupt the police department while its affiliation with often indiscrete political officials results in corruption of the court system. The paper brings evidence from the events following the 9/11 attacks on the United States and maintains that more than loyalty and leadership will be needed to find an accurate balance between power, politics, loyalty and socialization within criminal justice systems.
From the Paper
"Occupational socialization refers to the extent to which professionals within a certain sector and/or workplace connect and socialize with each other. A high level of socialization may for example lead to a high level of loyalty within the organization, whereas a low level of socialization may lead to a higher level of individual creativity and contribution. Socialization is integrated not only with the type of organization in question, but also with the organizational culture involved. In terms of criminal justice, occupational socialization plays a particularly complex role in the police force."
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Social Order and the Justice System, 2008.
This paper explores the maintenance of law, order and democracy within the justice system.
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper refers to the book "Why People Obey the Law" by Tom R. Tyler, which addresses the writings of various authorities who question the tie between law, democracy, government policy and behavior. The paper shows how the theories of government are crucial to the successful administration of public policies and the compliance of the people to the law. The paper discusses how the public tends to resist overly exercised deterrent measures but, if there is trust that the judges administer justice equally, the public adheres to the law willingly.
From the Paper
"Laws were designed to control public behavior. There are many theories of how compliance with the law can be achieved, but most use threats or the use of punishment. The idea of deterrence, Tyler points out, has been widely utilized since the 1980s and has remained the predominant way social order has been maintained into the twenty-first century. The values of the normal populace are based upon voluntary deference to authority, because doing so is part of their obligation to and respect for their leaders. However, the way that a local government manages social order among its residents does not apply to how nations might maintain social order among other nations in the world, which is something the U.S. has had to contend with this century."
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The Patriot Act, 2008.
An analysis of the provisions of the Patriot Act and its effect on civil liberties.
1,213 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that because the stipulations in the Patriot Act infringed upon civil liberties without a system of checks and balances, legislators were prompted to include a sunset clause that would automatically terminate some of the government's surveillance authority on or by a specific date. The paper explains how the Patriot Act amended a number of different statutes and briefly discusses the viewpoint of those in favor of and those against the Patriot Act.
From the Paper
"Many of the privacy issues driven by the "war against terror" can be directly linked to the Patriot Act. Title II of the Patriot Act, "Enhanced Surveillance Procedures," increased the government's authority to seize oral, wires, and electronic exchanges; to engage in pen register and trap and trace searches; to be granted access to certain business, library, and medical records; to use a single search warrant for nation-wide searches; to utilize subpoenas for electronic communications; to search records and not notify the owners; to limit the legal responsibility of persons who divulge private records to the government (a direct infringement of privacy laws); and to authorize information sharing between law enforcement and intelligence-gathering organizations (Baker, 2004)."
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The French Justice System, 2008.
A look at the justice system in France.
2,717 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper offers both an overview of France's geography and political structure and a profile of the economic, social, political and economic situation. The paper briefly looks at the nature and extent of France's crime situation and then examines the French justice system; the legal tradition of France, the police forces and the court system. Finally, the paper discusses justice relations between France and the US.
Outline:
France: An Introduction
Present Crime Situation
The Justice System
France and the United States: Justice Relations
From the Paper
"Republique Francaise (French Republic) is the official designation of the French nation, whose history and culture is known the world over. France as most people know it is a country that produces excellent wines and cheeses, has a language that belongs to the romantic languages, and whose capital city - Paris - is known as the city of lights and have been written about as one of the most quixotic and passionate cities in the world. Although ultimately a victor in World Wars I and II, France suffered extensive losses in its empire, wealth, manpower, and rank as a dominant nation-state."
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Unified Paternalism, 2008.
This article looks at the argument for unifying vice enforcement legislation with regards to alcohol, tobacco and marijuana.
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that government paternalism refers to the governmental exercise of legislative or regulatory authority over the individual for his benefit rather than for the benefit of others in society. The writer notes that in the United States, paternalistic legislation currently regulates certain aspects of the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages, and completely prohibits recreational drug use. This writer discusses that a strictly paternalistic approach to regulating conduct would prohibit use, even in private, to protect the individual from the harms of his own vices. The writer then points out that a less paternalistic approach would permit the private indulgence of virtually any substance of choice, regulating only the resulting behavior that affects others. The writer concludes that either position is defensible for different reasons, provided that it is applied equally in a manner appropriate to the actual risks at issue.
From the Paper
"In the United States, paternalistic legislation currently regulates certain aspects of the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages, and completely prohibits recreational drug use. To those opposed to paternalism in principle, private adult use of all three are not rightfully the subject of prohibition by law. However, even many of those who appreciate the need for some degree of paternalistic regulation object to the arbitrary nature of the legal status of certain equivalent conduct that permits some vices that do not affect others in society while imposing serious legal consequences on other conduct that is indistinguishable in degree of harm. "
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The Death Penalty, 2008.
This paper argues in favor of the death penalty, using the article "Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?" "No." by Ernest van den Haag.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the topic of the death penalty in America. Specifically, the writer discusses why the death penalty should not be abolished, making use of the article "Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?" "No." by Ernest van den Haag. The writer argues that the death penalty can help deter crime, and since it is used for the most heinous of crimes, it sends a clear message to criminals that murder will not be tolerated in society. The writer concludes that the death penalty should not be abolished because it is a valid form of punishment in an increasingly violent society.
From the Paper
"There are many societies that punish crime by a like punishment, for example, in many Arab countries a thief is punished by losing a hand. Some people compare this to the death penalty, and maintain it is cruel and unusual because it perpetuates that "eye for an eye" type of punishment. However, some crimes are simply so heinous and violent that no other type of punishment seems valid. A person who violently murders an entire family, or a child, or a pregnant mother deserves to pay the ultimate price for their crimes. They took a life, and they should pay with their life, because it seems to be the only way to truly punish them for their deeds. A good example is Timothy McVeigh, who was convicted of the Oklahoma City Federal Building bombing. He killed over 160 innocent adults and children, and received the death penalty for his crime. In addition, he did not fight or appeal the penalty, and was eventually executed for the crime."
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"U.S vs. Cecil Price", 2008.
An examination of the ramification of the 1964 case, "US vs. Cecil Price" for civil rights in the state of Mississippi.
745 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the historical case, "U.S vs. Cecil Price." The paper first describes the background of the 1964 case and those involved in it. It then discusses the ramifications of the case for civil rights in the state of Mississippi. The paper particularly looks at how this case was seen as a key to breaking the wall of segregation throughout the South.
From the Paper
"The population of the country was reluctant to offering any kind of information regarding the killings; in fact, it was children who gave the investigators the most clues. The two agents used tactics such as the observation of the sheriff's behavior as he was under heavy suspicion but could not be directly linked to the murders. Although he did not crack, information soon came from inside the Klan. James Jordan, a member of the KKK came forward and was confronted with investigators during the course of five rough interviews. At the end he was aware that his only chance to avoid going to prison was to give the full story. In recent years there have been several speculations regarding the involvement of the white mob in support of FBI's investigation; soldiers of prominent mob families such as the Colombo family allegedly participated in revealing the whereabouts of the three victims."
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Healthy People (HP) 2010 initiative, 2008.
An explanation of the Healthy People (HP) 2010 initiative in the US.
4,142 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 161.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Healthy People (HP) 2010 initiave developed by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The paper
It also explains how this investigation considers a review of the initial goals and the outcomes that have been measured during the Midcourse Review. The paper attempts to shed light on the impact of HP 2010 goals and objectives for chronic kidney disease through a careful review of the initial goals and the outcomes that have been measured. Through a careful review of the data, problems with operationalizing data and outcomes, are discussed along with some of the challenges that remain for improving overall public health with respect to the treatment and prevention of chronic kidney disease.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Topic Selection and Overview
Focus Area and Its Parameters
Two Goals of HP2010
Why this is a Population of Significance
Relevance of the Objectives and Desired Outcomes
Is Each a Valid Strategy for the Outcome?
Rationale for a Personal View
Midcourse Review Data
Midcourse Review Outcomes
Classification of Objectives and Sub-Objectives in the Midcourse Review
Legitimacy of Objectives/Sub-Objectives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In order to begin this investigation, it is first necessary to delineate the specific focus area, its parameters and how it fits into the overall US Prevention Agenda. For the purposes of this investigation, chronic kidney disease has been selected. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (2000) Healthy People 2010 report, chronic kidney disease represents one of the most challenging obstacles for modern health care. At a time when other chronic diseases such as heart disease are declining in total number, the occurrence of chronic kidney disease is increasing (DHHS, 2000). A review of statistical data indicates that the individuals of all ages are susceptible to this condition; however individuals over the age of 75 are the most frequently diagnosed group with this condition. Although dialysis and kidney transplantation provide notable alternatives for improving patient outcomes, the treatments are not a panacea. Both do not restore complete health and both are expensive to undertake. DDHS argues that the growing number of patients with chronic kidney appears to coincide with an increase in the number of patients with type II diabetes."
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"Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier", 2008.
A case analysis of the Supreme Court ruling in the case of "Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier."
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper presents and discusses the 1988 case of "Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier" where three former students of Hazelwood East High School contended that their principal ordered the deletion of two pages of articles from an upcoming issue of the school newspaper. The paper presents the arguments of the case and the final ruling of the Supreme Court.
Table of Contents:
Facts of the Case and Rulings
Case Evaluation
From the Paper
"The importance of this decision stems from the fact that it clarifies the extent to which First Amendment rights can be applied in a school setting, which was left open to question after the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District case generally allowed students to possess this right. A possible political and Constitutional implication of the ruling is that it opens up avenues through which school officials can practice censorship of student expressions deemed as being in opposition to the school's educational mission. Another implication is that it curtails students' rights to freedom of expression within school grounds."
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Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, 2008.
This paper looks at the achievements of Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor.
1,826 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the appointment and unanimous confirmation of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor to the Supreme Court. The paper shows how O'Connor demonstrated the fact that women, especially women of caliber, had every right to come and go from the workplace without sanction. The paper also looks at how O'Connor was integral to several monumental court decisions. The paper concludes that O'Connor proved her worth as a justice and demonstrated immense skill in the resolution of extremely difficult legal questions posed to the court.
From the Paper
"Traditionally nominations to the supreme court have been a very political act of the executive branch of government, as it is a singular power of the president that frequently goes by with only limited challenges from congress and the nomination if approved is a nomination for life, unless the justice chooses to step down. The legacy, therefore of the Supreme Court appointment can be long and prosperous for a president as they tend to seek out candidates who share commonalities with themselves and their political party and the opportunity of a president to nominate a Supreme Court Justice does not come frequently due to the length of the office."
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California's Proposition 209, 2008.
An analysis of the intent and impact of California's Proposition 209 legislation.
1,449 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the perspective of those against affirmative action programs that led to California enacting Proposition 209. The paper explains further that this was a ban on the practice of giving institutionalized preferential treatment to people based upon their gender, race, color, ethnicity or national origin. The paper relates that this resulted in hiring and enrollment practices being made based solely upon merit rather than artificial balancing quotas. The paper concludes that regardless of whether or not it is "good" or "bad" for California, Prop 209 appears to have succeeded in its intent over the past decade.
From the Paper
"California enacted anti-discrimination in employment and other venues legislation in 1996 that, in effect, made it illegal to discriminate against or to offer preferential treatment to any person in education, government contracts or employment based upon their race, gender, ethnicity, national origin, or color. Proponents took the position that this measure would level the playing field within California, making opportunities for education and employment available based on skill and merit rather than upon other artificial factors."
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Ethics and the Justice Department, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of ethics and the justice department,
noting that justice and ethics are often experienced as vastly different concepts.
2,418 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study to illustrate how justice and ethics in the US are often experienced as vastly different concepts, depending upon an individual's perception of a particular situation. The paper describes a case study revolving around a Muslim man who wanted to travel by airplane from Los Angeles to Florida on 31 July, 2004. The paper contends that this case study demonstrates that a lack of adherence to commonly accepted ethical conduct as perceived by the public leads to general disrespect by the public, as well as an outcry for justice, particularly if a specific group of people has been disadvantaged by the unethical action.
Outline:
Introduction
Case Study: Achmed Radu
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Problematic ethical issues within the Department of Justice have increased exponentially since the 9/11 attacks. Constitutional issues such as freedom of the press, and human rights issues such as freedom of religion have particularly come under the spotlight. After 9/11, the Department of Justice has begun to take increasingly extreme measures to limit the freedom of American citizens in the name of protection and security. One of the basic rights that have continually been invaded is client/attorney privileges for detainees. In addition, citizens of Arab or Middle Eastern origin and those adhering to the Muslim faith have been targeted for surveillance, while some have even been detained indefinitely without an explanation of the reasons or the detainee's rights."
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Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 2008.
An examination of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act and its benefits to health care in the United States.
1,242 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Oregon's "right to die" legislation - its Death with Dignity Act. The paper discusses the strain on health care in the United States and then argues that allowing a patient to die of his/her own volition is a better use of health care facilities than taking heroic measures to prolong life, regardless how painful, demeaning or without purpose.
From the Paper
"Lost in the debate about Oregon's "right to die" legislation is that the State of Oregon also embarked on a thorough analysis of healthcare rationing. The state disallowed a number of categories of medical treatment, and cut back on a number of other such methods, in order to free up resources to focus on the sicker patients. The overall goal was to support procedures and the use of resources in such a way that healthcare was enhanced. The right-to-die legislation was part and parcel of this overall effort. Those backing the legislation in the State understood that heroic expenditures at the end of life were not only futile, but they diverted scarce resources from other areas where the patients could be better-helped."
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Prison-Based Drug Addiction Treatment, 2008.
This paper argues against increasing funding for prison-based drug addiction treatment.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that there is an ongoing debate in the United States concerning the most effective and most appropriate treatment for those convicted of drug offenses in that it is the belief of some that funding should be increased for treating drug addiction in prisons. However, the writer points out that the opposing argument holds that this is not the most appropriate manner of addressing drug addiction. The writer demonstrates that the costs of prison drug- addiction treatment, in monetary terms and in terms of the cost borne by society-at-large far exceed the benefits of prison-based drug-addiction treatment programs. The writer concludes that the research has broadened the knowledge held concerning this issue and has moved the researcher toward more emphatic, confident and further support of alternative sentencing for drug offenders versus incarceration.
Outline:
Overview
Arguments and Evidence in Support
Critical Analysis of Protest against Prison-Based Treatment
Strongest Point Against
Weakest Point
Critical Analysis of Opposing Group's Position
Strongest Point
Weakest Point
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The strongest point against prison-based treatment is the interruption of working, productive individuals, father and mothers, in fulfilling their daily responsibilities to their families, their employers and society-at-large, specifically when drug court or other treatment programs are readily available to assist these individuals in becoming drug-free. Drug court and other treatment programs have been found to be more effective, less costly, and more effective in the long-term than imprisonment for drug offenses. Since nearly 1/2 of drug offenders are employed full-time according to the literature in the foregoing review and many of these individuals do have children or are neighbors who care for children and positively contribute to society, imprisonment at a higher cost in monetary terms in addition to the other costs to society make prison sentences for drug offenses ludicrous placing a very large question mark above the 'intentions' of laws and policies that mandate prison sentences for drug offenses. Furthermore, privatization of prisons in the United States has turned prisons into a competitive business with quotas of prisoners needed to fill the capacity of these prisons so that prisons will receive funding for the prisoner's incarcerated to ensure their profits and incoming funds. "
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Why Ratify the Constitution?, 2008.
This paper looks at James Madison's beliefs regarding ratification of the US Constitution and studies "The Federalist Papers: No. 10" .
871 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses why James Madison thought it necessary to ratify the US Constitution. The writer notes that, for Madison, one of the primary reasons for Americans to ratify the Constitution was because it provided for a republican form of government. The writer explains that Madison believed that the republican form of government was better suited to control the impact of factions on the political process than a straight democracy. This was due to the fact that in an open political environment, the development of various factions was inevitable. The writer also explains that to develop a democracy that ensured the rights of the people, regardless of their individual beliefs, one had to do more than to put political power in the hands of the majority. On the contrary, one had to develop a means to give all men a voice in the government and protect all rights. The writer discusses that according to Madison, the means to do so was the republican form of government.
From the Paper
"That factions were a problem at the time the Constitution was drafted should not be surprising; although united in their goal to throw off the yoke of English oppression, the several colonies had enjoyed different types of governments, had different goals, and held different values. Therefore, a legitimate fear of these early Americans was that any national government would compromise the rights of the individual states.
"While Madison acknowledged that one might attempt to prevent the development of factions, he understood that doing so threatened the liberty of all men. "
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