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Obesity in Minority Children, 2006.
An in-depth discussion of why lower class, pre-adolescent Latin and African-American children are fighting obesity.
3,114 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the issue of obesity in lower-class adolescents and pre-adolescents. It discusses the fact that minorities, especially Hispanics and Blacks, are also disproportionately represented among the obese and that the percentage of obese minority youth has more than doubled in less than a generation. In order to understand the problem of obesity, the paper attempts to define the issue and suggest solutions to the problem.
From the Paper
"What can parents do to get their children up off the couch and get moving? One thing parents can do is to limit or eliminate television time. Children should be required to participate in some type of physical play. If a dangerous neighborhood prevents parents from allowing children to play outside, then parents should seek out safe places in and out of the neighborhood where children can play."
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The Gulbenkian Commission, 2006.
A discussion of the creation of the Gulbenkian Commission and its advantages.
1,174 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the creation of the Gulbenkian Commission, in 1994 by Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian. It discusses the reasoning behind the creation of the commission and the advantages to academic practice and theory of social sciences that eventuated with its creation. It describes these advantages in terms of applying the various hermeneutical frameworks of these disciplines to the question of the causation and treatment of violence in African-American young people.
Table of Contents:
Section I: Introduction and Statement of Purpose
Section II: The Psychological/Sociological/Anthropological Perspective on the Issue
Section III: The Political Science Perspective on the Issue
Section IV: The Economic Perspective on the Issue
Section V: An Integrated Perspective on the Issue
From the Paper
"In fact, data drawn from the juvenile court records of 257 adjudicated male African American youth offenders aged 12 to 17, showed this adolescent population's involvement in assaultive interpersonal violence within the context of a descriptive evaluation of co-occurring alcohol use disorder, other drug use disorder, and other mental disorders was quite low. This suggests that changes in policy, both in identifying offenders and improving opportunities within the community, rather than treating an individual's supposedly malformed pscyhology may be a better way to specifically address the needs of urban African American youths who may engage in violent behavior. (Singleton & Dale, 1996)"
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From Slave to Soldier, 2006.
This paper analyzes the image of African-Americans in the literature and art of the Civil War.
1,811 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper describes literature and visual imagery by, for and about blacks. This includes slaves, freed men and soldiers alike, as well as some of the white individuals most significant to them during the Civil War years. The paper discusses how the Civil War period was for most African-Americans a time of unprecedented change. The paper continues by portraying how literature and images during this period largely reflect the frightening uncertainty of this period and its many changes. The paper concludes that African-American history of this period, as reflected through Civil War literature, art and other recorded impressions, leaves an indelible stamp on the American psyche.
From the Paper
"A key African American Abolitionist leader of the Civil War era and beyond, Frederick Douglass, a former slave and leading journalist of the time, helped to recruit free Northern blacks for the 54th Volunteer Infantry. Douglass also sent two of his own sons, Charles and Lewis, to fight in Colonel Gould's all-black regiment ("The Civil War"). Frederick Douglass believed that this would prove that black men could fight as well as white ones, as indeed it did (Frederick Douglass: When the Lion Wrote History)."
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The Second American Revolution and Reconstruction, 2006.
A discussion of the Civil War and its effects on American Society today.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the claim by Civil War historian, James McPherson, that the Civil War brought about more radical changes in government than the American Revolution of 1776. The paper shows how the country was tested in such a way that it did gain strength in many ways, but also once the Union reformed, suffered many weaknesses that still exist in today's American culture. The Civil War also, in many ways, acted as a catalyst for change in American identity. The paper also looks at the issue of slavery in the South and argues that the South was never whole after the war and that it continues to function within the ghost of slavery. The paper concludes that the issue of slavery remains ingrained in American culture as it divides Americans in identity whether it be race, class or economic status.
From the Paper
"The life of a slave prior to the Civil War was an ugly, dehumanizing life that as modern people, one would be appalled at the conditions and the treatments of African Americans at the time. Slave men were worked to death with very little food or water while slave women feel victim to rape and controlled reproductive rights. The way Southern society worked was to continue demoralizing and dehumanizing the slave existence. To the Southern slave owner, the slave was simply property, a tool to make the owner's life free of back breaking labor. As a result, much of even today's Southern culture is based on leisure and proper behavior, including separation of the races and class division. In the years before the outbreak of the Civil War, many slaves were not even aware changes were coming. They were at a disadvantage being uneducated and isolated from information. In 1860, Lincoln committed to keeping the western territories free of slavery and later signed in 1863 the Emancipation Proclamation long before war ever broke out. Still as much as this seemed like change in the right direction for slaves, Lincoln's main objective was to keep the Union together (Africans in America 4). This action seems only half hearted but essentially, Lincoln nor government policy has control over slave owners freeing their slaves. In fact, months after the signing of the Proclamation, many slaves were not aware this document freed them (Africans in America 4). The South's secession from the Union put an end to this freedom as it established its own constitution making slavery legal again. It is this break from the Union, in Lincoln's mind that started the war."
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Slavery in the North, 2006.
A discussion of the reasons and rationales for the lower number of slaves in the north of the U.S.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the reasons and rationales for the fact that there were less slaves in the North, compared to the South. It argues that while economic diversity, or rather a focus on industry and commerce instead of agriculture, did play a role in limiting the use of slaves, climatic issues played a pivotal role in determining the extent to which slavery was employed in the North.
From the Paper
"In this regard, then, the differences in economic production did play a role in the limitation of slavery in the North. However, slavery had been limited in the North long before industrial production began there in earnest. As such, we have to assume that whatever factor affected the use of slaves in the North did not have to do with economic diversity but with something else. Slavery simply never reached the scale that it was practiced in the South, though historians caution us to remember that slavery still was very present in the North, just to a lesser degree (Harper par. 6, 10-11). Given the limited nature of slavery in the North, I think it would be prudent to discuss first the nature of the fundamental difference between the North and the South in order to develop the reason why slavery never expanded its economic role in the North."
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Community Policing, 2006.
This paper discusses community policing and its effectiveness in minority communities in the city of Los Angeles.
6,212 words (approx. 24.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 219.95
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Abstract
This article examines the practice of community policing, that involves putting an officer or officers into a neighborhood or designated area of the city on a permanent assignment, instead of just sending an officer whereever he may need to go according to a specific call. The writer maintains that community policing has become more popular in recent years as police forces around the country strive to make communities safer, and their officers more trusted and understood. The writer discusses the advantages and disadvantages of community policing. Further, the writer examines the effectiveness of such policing methods within minority communities of the city of Los Angeles.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Strengths of Community Policing
Weaknesses of Community Policing
Community Policing and Minority Relations
The City of Los Angeles
Is Community Policing Meeting Its Objectives?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Community policing has become more popular in recent years as police forces around the country strive to make communities safer, and their officers more trusted and understood. They are looking for ways to get their officers out there into the community and get the citizens used to seeing police officers patrolling the streets in the hopes that not only will crime go down, but citizen comfort around police officers will go up, making citizens much more likely to report a criminal that they are aware of. If they feel safe and protected by the police, they will likely turn to them in times of need instead of just assuming that the neighborhood criminal is not their problem as long as he or she leaves them and their family and belongings alone in favor of someone else's. Some people are not comfortable talking to a policeman that they have never seen before, but they are all right in dealing with the policeman who is always on patrol during a certain time each day in their neighborhood."
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NBA Players' Dress Code, 2006.
An essay on the new NBA dress regulations arguing that professional basketball players must be dressed appropriately in public.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how very few professionals have the right to express themselves while they are on the job, that even actors and actresses sport the 'uniform' of their trade. The writer argues that basketball is a highly competitive team sport, and is, moreover, uniquely American and so for players to, almost universally, adopt an image that conveys the lowest common denominator of American life, the ghetto, which supposedly honors its unfortunate racial history, is therefore ridiculous. The writer further argues that the NBA players are highly paid professionals, charged de facto with presenting an image that the world will find attractive and uplifting and so asking the players to present a clean-cut image, particularly in these troubling times, seems little enough to ask of people getting paid multiple millions because they are exceedingly tall and can play a child's game.
Table of Contents:
Why a Dress Code, Why Now?
Dress Codes in Professional Settings and Sports
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not everyone is as much in favor of the rule as the Chicago student. Terry Boyd, a "hip-hop professor' at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, accuses the NBA of wanting to have it both ways. They want, he says, to hire players who come from a hip-hop environment, but then they want to demonstrate, by choosing attire that might be worn by Commissioner David Stern and not street-wise players, that Stern, and not the players, is in charge of the league (Cholo, 2005). The brother of the student in favor of the code opposes it, contending that it is insulting to hip-hop; more cogently, he points out that the "NBA makes money off hip-hop" (Cholo, 2005). Indeed, rappers Nelly and Jay Z "are part owners of basketball teams" (Cholo, 2005)."
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African-American Males, 2006.
An examination of the correlation between affective disorders, substance abuse and the criminal justice system in African-American males.
2,412 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 30 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
The paper uses a literature review to evaluate what the relative strength of correlation is between substance abuse, affective disorders and incarceration in African American males. The strength of association is exampled from multiple populations including those incarcerated for petty theft, auto convictions, and those convicted of rape, murder or other forms of violent assault. The paper concludes that there is ample evidence from the literature supporting a relationship or correlation between substance abuse disorders, affective disorders and deviant behaviors among incarcerated African American males. However, there is also evidence suggesting that at present the criminal justice system in America is doing little do address the needs of this unique population.
Outline
Literature Review
Theories of Affective Disorders and Substance Abuse
Substance Abuse
Affective and Substance Abuse Problems Combined
Conclusions/Discussion
From the Paper
"The theoretical framework describing the relationship between affective disorders, substance abuse and deviant behavior is often referred to as the "anomie perspective" and may be defined as the lack of normalness that one experiences in their day to day existence (Shaw, 2002). Following this theory, African males experience "more moral confusion and difficulty assimilating to the normal cultural landscape of society" and hence demonstrate "extremism in behavior", in part as a result of their loss of perspective or reality (Shaw, 2002:6). Further individuals suffering this state tend to lead extremes of life feeling "they are above the law or social order of society" in many cases, or lamenting their sad existence, both of which may lead to individual affective inclinations or substance abuse patterns in African males (Shaw, 2002:6). "Failure, frustration and strain" experienced in ordinary life can also result in moral unsureness and "polarized reactions to societal events" (Shaw, 2002: 6). This in turn may cause someone to give up hope or due diligence, or their efforts toward conformity and contribute to deviant behavior. Under the framework of anomie, strain and "moral undecidedness or lessening in normative control feed back on each other making substance dealing, abuse and deviant behavior an acceptable reaction to life and reality" (Shaw, 2002:6)."
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"Slavery in New York", 2006.
A discussion on the art exhibition "Slavery in New York" and the lessons it teaches about the history of the area.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an art exhibit by the New York Historical Society, titled "Slavery in New York". The paper describes how the exhibit unearths much of the history of the slave trade in New York and shows the way the city participated in and profited form the slave trade long before that trade become so entrenched in the American South.
From the Paper
"The primary lesson of the exhibit is in fact that slavery was a phenomenon that existed outside of the South and that cosmopolitan and even liberal New York was once part of that trade. Such a lesson also extends the idea of slavery to a wider part of the nation, showing how the guilt over slavery is not released only to the South but takes in the whole country in one way or another. This effort also shows how much the nation owes to the African-Americans it once enslaved and has never fully repaid for what was done to their ancestors."
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Alice Walker's "The Color Purple", 2006.
This paper studies Celie's language development in "The Color Purple."
2,614 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how the author uses her main character Celie's uneven language development as a means to illustrate and underscore Celie's poor self-confidence and sense of self. The paper highlights how the author portrays Celie's gradual ego development and ultimate satisfaction through her successful sewing business. The paper describes Celie as both an abused and a neglected child, and then an adolescent with nowhere to turn in order to express herself. The paper shows how the readers share the pain and the triumphs of Celie's linguistic and other developmental processes. The paper concludes that Celie is Walker's narrative voice of the long-silenced African-American woman.
From the Paper
" Alice Walker in her novel The Color Purple (1982) uses her main character Celie's uneven language development, as a means to illustrate and underscore Celie's initially poor self-confidence and sense of self, and then, slowly, Celie's ego development and ultimate satisfaction and self-actualization, through her successful sewing business. Celie's initial use of language, within the first part of the story, is the verbal equivalent of halting, hesitant baby steps. Later on, though, after much hardship and humiliation, and with much verbal support and encouragement from friends like Shug and Sophia, Celie learns to speak with much greater confidence and language fluency. I will describe how Celie's use of language within The Color Purple underscores both her struggles and her character development throughout the story."
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'The Confessions of Nat Turner', 2006.
This paper discusses the book "The Confessions of Nat Turner" by William Styron.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer looks at the book "The Confessions of Nat Turner" which is described as a novel of historical fiction. The writer notes that Styron writes the novel in first person and the story is ostensibly told by Nat Turner himself, forcing the reader to look at the complex issues that led to the rebellion. The writer maintains that the reader is forced to see Nat Turner as a complex and conflicted human being. Further, the writer discusses the ideas of slavery and freedom within the novel. The writer concludes that as a whole, the book gives the reader an in-depth view of what it might have been like to be an angry slave during the time depicted.
From the Paper
"Although the book is divided into four parts, the parts do not follow a sequential structure. The images we get of Nat Turner and his thoughts are fragmented and shift between time periods. This adds to the credibility of Styron's fiction. A person under the kinds of stress Nat Turner was in prison would not calmly recall his life in an orderly and sequential way. Instead, images, events or comments would trigger a wave of memories. Only gradually can the reader piece together the sequential events of Nat Turner's life.
Inevitably, the book deals with the idea of freedom. Nat Turner is quite taken with the young white woman Miss Margaret, whom he occasionally drives from place to place. Miss Margaret claims to be an abolitionist, reads poetry to Nat and listens to him recite psalms."
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Philip Dray's "... The Lynching of Black America", 2005.
This paper discusses Philip Dray book "At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America", which exposes the killing by hanging of Black Americans for committing no other crime than being black.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the story told by Dray shows how lynching developed, what it was supposed to mean to those carrying it out and what it meant to those targeted including the whole black community, what it meant to reformers and what it continues to mean today as a symbol and terrible mark on American history. The author points out that lynchers are among those who try to force a focus on African-Americans as victims, with the act of lynching itself a deliberate victimization. The paper states that Dray's book, which is informative and frightening at the same time, tells much about the practice, the people involve and the symbolic meaning this era still has for many in America.
From the Paper
"The title of Dray's book evokes a police report or legal statement by a coroner, as if the crime of lynching were being investigated and the perpetrators slyly exonerated by being listed as "persons unknown," as if unknown when in fact they are known. That has indeed been the pattern for most of these crimes, with the white power structure in the South in particular closing ranks to protect those who lynched blacks because they did not see this as a crime. Dray gives a good account of the history of the era and of the nature of the problem of lynching at different times in American history, beginning with the extralegal actions of Charles Lynch in the late eighteenth century, from whom the name was derived."
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Police Corruption, 2006.
A discussion of police corruption, it's causes and how to fight it.
1,273 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper examines police corruption, the abuse of police authority for personal gain or advantage. The paper describes police corruption as criminal activities, such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and police violence, accepting bribes and overlooking crimes when they involve family or friends. The paper further examines how police corruption may also involve depriving citizens of their legal rights. These actions include discriminating against minorities, unlawful searches, sexual assault, and deliberate fabrication of evidence. The paper discusses case studies of investigations into police corruption, and concludes that the fight against corruption is likely to be a long one as police corruption is prevalent in today's society.
From the Paper
"Police corruption is often seen as a victimless crime because the victim is a neighborhood rather than an individual. In many cases, most of the attention goes to the officers who are guilty of corruption, rather than the psychological and social effects police corruption has on the victims and their communities."
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Black Feminism, 2006.
This paper discusses how Black feminists place more emphasis on race than gender.
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at three modern Black feminists and shows how modern Black feminism is plagued by exclusionary principles. The paper examines Kimberly Springer's critique of the wave theory of feminism and how Sheila Radford-Hill responds to Springer by reinforcing the idea that there is one Black feminism to fit all modern Black women. The paper explores how Jennifer Hamer and Helen Neville take a more dogmatic approach to Black feminism than either Springer or Radford-Hill. The paper concludes that a way to increase the participation of young Black women in the modern feminist movement is to return to classical feminism, but together with an education about the pivotal role that Black women have always played in the feminist movement.
From the Paper
"One of the most striking features about modern Black feminist writing is that, despite frank discussions of the limitations of classical feminism in the lives of Black women, Black feminists seem reluctant to discuss the limitations of Black feminism in its application to the real lives of most Black women. Because Black feminism continues to make assumptions about women, which may not accurately reflect the goals and aspirations of Black women, especially poor Black women, Black feminism, like classical feminism, continues to be a theory by and for the middle class. As such, Black feminism does little to redress the very social inequities that it perceives as both result and cause of institutionalized and de facto racism and sexism in America. In fact, Black feminists, like Black activists of prior generations, still place more emphasis on race than gender, which marginalizes women of all ages."
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African American Adolescent Males And College, 2006.
A look at Maslow's hierarchy of needs, linking African-American adolescent males and college attendance.
12,600 words (approx. 50.4 pages), 46 sources, MLA, AU$ 363.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the African-American adolescent male in relation to education and more specifically, college attendance.
This paper reviews historically, the trend of the African-American adolescent male in terms of education, as well as the factors that influenced these trends. This paper also relates these trends to Abraham Maslow theory of personality known as Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Contents:
Introduction
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Summary of Methodology
Organization of the Study
Literature Review
Methodology
Research Findings
Conclusions
Appendices
Table 2
Table 3
Vital Statistics
From the Paper
"There are many different opinions and approaches when it comes to the issue of how to best motivate African-American adolescent males to attend college. However, many efforts focus primarily on retention strategies rather than recruitment strategies.
The dismal college graduation rate of African-American students is a national crisis. When it comes to statistics of graduation rates for African-American males, these numbers are lower than any other demographic group, with the exception of Hispanics.
This study has significance for practice in improving the percentages of African American males who attend college, as well as for future research in college education.
The data collected from this study might be useful to African American high school students, parents of African Americans in high school, teachers, admissions representative, social workers, and educational leaders."
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African-American Housing: Chicago Study, 2006.
This paper examines the housing situation for African-Americans living in Chicago.
2,611 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine the status and condition of African-Americans as compared to whites in the area of housing. The city of Chicago is used as a specific example, both historically and presently, in relation to access to and cost of affordable housing. The paper includes statistical information which highlights the proportion and number of both groups that occupy public and privately owned housing, the median/average monthly payment for housing. Finally this work reviews how these facts relate to the overall lives of African-American living in the United States.
Table of Contents
Objective
Historical Chicago Housing Facts
Covenants
The Gautreaux Case
Recent Studies and Their Findings
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"Seitles claims that integration has been a success in the fight against racial prejudice and states that: "Social consequences of racial isolation intertwine with grim economic realities for minorities. Due to the lack of interaction between racial groups, African-Americans are unprepared to work and socialize in a white majority society, while conversely, whites are not relating to, working with, or living with blacks. Prospects for African-American children raised in such communities are greatly diminished because of the lack of interaction between blacks and whites. Moreover, minority possibilities for advancement consequently decline from the lower quality of education afforded to them in ghetto schools, precluding them from competing for high-income employment. Although these inequalities are not always directly caused by intentional discrimination, residential racial segregation perpetuates these inequalities. Thus, minorities who live in racially homogeneous communities are faced with disadvantages beyond the present economic and social inequalities associated with minority neighborhoods." (Seitles, 1996)"
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