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NAFTA, 2005.
This paper discusses the effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on Mexico's economy.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, a decade after the enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) creating a borderless economy, Mexico has benefited from free trade but problems remain if it is to compete effectively with the rest of the world. The author points out that, the unemployment rate is close to zero in northern Mexico where manufacturing still is concentrated; however, manufacturing facilities are spreading out to other parts of the country. The paper stresses that, in spite of the vast improvements in the last ten years, Mexico still has some serious challenges ahead such as (1) the need to create one million new jobs each year in order to absorb the young workers entering the market and (2) smaller companies have trouble upgrading technology because of higher borrowing costs.
From the Paper
"Mexico has come a long way from the catastrophic financial crisis of 1994-1995, when millions of Mexicans were thrust into poverty and life savings were wiped out. Two million jobs were eliminated. The early days of NAFTA had failed to benefit Mexico as expected, and most of the manufacturing exports still came from the maquiladora sector along the northern border with the U.S. A corrupt and unstable political environment limited foreign investment. In January 1995, President Clinton was motivated to provide a $47 billion bailout of the Mexican economy."
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U.S. Foreign Policy, 2005.
This paper discusses extensively the history and problems of U.S. foreign policy or public diplomacy.
4,370 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 186.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, despite a checkered past with foreign affairs stratagems, the Bush White House has offered a hard-line approach to exercising its own public diplomacy. The author points out that the United Nations has developed parallel competencies in its main organs so that each arm might pick up the slack dropped by another office of the administration. The paper concludes that the concept of American Democracy demands a citizen to stand aware of the world around him and educate himself on the issues before making any conclusions about policy, leadership and the American place in the world.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Evaluation
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Public diplomacy in the United States is comparable to the American view of Al-Jazeera; while Americans see the Arab press group as biased proliferators of terrorist videotaping, ideology, and violent action, the American press groups are locked in a system of permissive oversight, corporate monopoly, and pervasive negligence to fact as it is spawned out of the press room of the white house directly through the office public diplomacy. The cost is not financial, although with great skill, the DOD has secured a flexible budgeting schedule for the office of public diplomacy, which has more than 17 budget earmarks plus separate appropriations for broadcasting, including the taped press releases running the fine line between fact and spin."
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Terrorism, 2005.
This extensive paper analyzes terrorism and argues against the approach of the Bush administration.
8,430 words (approx. 33.7 pages), 40 sources, APA, AU$ 288.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because the wide variety of destructive avenues and methodologies opening up to modern terrorists are so numerous, the nature of terrorist threats appear intangible and too general to efficiently combat or even to comprehend. The author states that the U.S. policy regarding war and terrorism has continued to be a search for ways to generate immediate and short term gains at the expense of the rest of the world. Essentially, the U. S. continues the pursuit of a neo-imperialist empire to maintain its grip upon the planet's resources. The paper suggests that there may never be a preventative cure for all forms of terrorism, but a governmental policy that soothes international and inter-social disputes may eliminate the desire of individuals to inflict pain and death upon others.
From the Paper
"The war is further devalued by the incongruity between international laws regarding terrorism, the United States' definition of terrorism, and the subsequent methods by which the U.S. has endeavored to fight terrorism. Fusing these notions together suggests that the United States government is almost as guilty of terrorist acts as the leaders of the Al Qaeda; the primary difference being that, with the United States, there is usually an intermediary involved, and it is not apparent that any acts engaged in by the government could be perceived as acts of terror for the purpose of global demonstration-any association with terrorism has been in connection with a substantive goal."
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Japan's Rise to Economic Superpower, 2006.
A look at the the interactions and relationships of interdependence that characterize Japan's relations with other nations of the Pacific Rim.
2,118 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the rise of Japan to the position of an economic superpower and discusses how the Japanese economic expansion has changed its relations with other nations on the Pacific Rim. It also examines how optimal productivity and profitability will best be achieved through a foundation of cooperation and collaboration of the Pacific Rim countries that emphasize the creation of democracies in the region and an adherence to human rights.
Outline
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Pacific Rim Countries
Key Issues in Asia Empowerment
Recession and Productivity Factors in Japanese Economy
Industrial Policy as an Economical Factor
Summary & Conclusion
Recommendations of the Study
From the Paper
"'Japan has the largest car industry worldwide. The agriculture sector is one that is smaller and stated to be "in decline" with "far fewer people...involved in growing food now than a few decades ago and crop production is falling." The most important of all Japan's economics sectors is that of industry with 30 percent of the workforce being employed in the automotive industry. This is a problem due to heavy reliance on imports in terms of raw material and fuel. (Twenty-First Century Online, 2005) Japan's growth rate of 5 percent is the highest among the G7 countries. Japan is expected by many authorities to replace the United States as the pre-eminent economic superpower in Pacific Asia."
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Iran and Democracy, 2006.
This paper examines the serious challenges that have been confronted by America's efforts to promote democracy in Iran.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details the basic principles of democracy, which originated with the process of Enlightenment. This paper focuses on the current Iranian government and the authoritarian leadership which require their supporters to blindly obey them. This writer contends and explains that the movement to freedom and democracy in Iran necessitates drifting away from this blind obedience. To promote freedom and democracy in Iran, several pre-conditions are required, including the separation of religion and state. This paper details the numerous obstacles standing in the way, including the fact that Iran is sandwiched between the two sub-regions of the Persian Gulf and Central/Northwest Asia, which accounts for the negative impact on Iran's political climate.
From the Paper
"The liberal democracy indicates to a system that signifies voting by people for free elections to fill the top administrative ranks in legislative and executive branches, while the rights of those holding a minority perspective is safeguarded. Mores, ethos and other values among the population are quite prevalent for enduring democracy and freedom. In some cases the democratic set up has been established but the democratic system failed to establish itself. One of the element which functions as a basis for the rise and consolidation of democracy is the link between the people and the leadership which can be perceived in two respects of absolutism and pluralism. The absolutist concept is associated with the blind adherence to the related utilization of force to suppress those who disagree."
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The Beef Hormone Issue, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines the much debated and controversial issue regarding the use of hormones within the cattle industry.
3,108 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 146.95
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Abstract
The writer of this well-researched paper details the health risks which can and do result, due to the use of hormones in the beef produced in America and around the world. This paper traces the use of hormones in beef back to the 1970s, when the U.S. began using hormones to accelerate the growth rate of animals in an effort to conserve time and money. The writer contends that over 95% of the cattle in the U.S. are currently being administered growth promoting hormones. This paper examines the ongoing conflict between the U.S., the European Union and Canada over the ban on cattle products produced with growth hormones. Since the 1950s, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been researching the effects of growth hormones and it, as well as other scientific experts, have found that there is no difference between beef raised on hormones and those raised without. This paper delves into the various FDA laws which permit the use of hormones in restricted amounts. The writer of this paper also focuses on the health risks involved with the ingestion of these hormones. Scientists and health experts contend that any increase in the level of hormones, above that which occurs naturally in humans, carries a potential risk of carcinogenic effects.
From the Paper
"Beginning in the 1970's the United State's meat industry began using hormones to improve the growth rate of animals in an effort to conserve time and money. In 1981, the European Union began restricting the use of growth hormones within the Union itself, and also began restricting the import of meat and meat products derived from cattle that had been given hormones. During the past years, the European Union have updated and/or amended its regulations several times, generally to include more hormones, however, for the most part, the regulations have remained the same. The dispute at the World Trade Organization concerns the use of six scientifically approved hormones used for cattle growth promotion, estradiol, melengestrol acetate, progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone acetate, and zeranol."
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Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2005.
This paper discusses the Arab-Israeli conflict, especially attempts to bring peace.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, even though Israel was establish in 1947 after the Holocaust of World War II, both Arabs and Jews had lived there together for thousands of years in Palestine. The author points out that the Arabs viewed the giving of the area to the Jews by the United Nations and Great Britain as another colonial land-grab. The paper concludes that the core difficulty has not been Israel versus the Arab countries so much as whether and when Palestine would become a sovereign state with its own land and the right to self-determination.
Table of Contents
Introduction
20th Century Wars
Attempts to Bring Peace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"After Camp David in 1978, Israel itself began to recognize the necessity to tackle the Palestinian dimension of the Middle East conflict (Jonah, 2002). This was followed by peace conferences in 1991 (Madrid, Spain) and the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, which recognized the Palestinian demand for self-determination as an important part of any solution. However, another meeting at Camp David in 2000, brokered by President Bill Clinton, grappled with governance over Jerusalem and the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their former land in Israel and was less successful."
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The Oil Industry, 2006.
This paper analyzes the various effects to the oil industry due to increased consumption by competing economies around the world.
3,699 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 165.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper examines the oil industry, which currently produces and supplies the world's number one energy source. This paper delves into the high swings in terms of price when there are shortages or excesses in supply, which are determined by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). This paper details the 7 companies that control the oil market throughout the world which include 5 U.S. companies. This paper analyzes the importance of OPEC and its negotiation tactics with the various oil companies regarding petroleum production, prices and future rights of concession of the oil companies in the different countries. The writer of this paper details the history of the oil industry by discussing various events such as the 1973 oil embargo and the events that took place in the 1960s in which the U.S. and Europe restricted the import of oil from Russia. This paper details how world events, primarily those in the middle east, affect the price of oil. The writer explores China and India's demand for oil and how it affects global inflation in general. The government of India is now trying to reduce the prices of oil based items over the immediate future so that inflation can be reduced from the current 8% a year. This in-depth paper also analyzes the effects of America's economy on the world's oil prices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
International Oil Regime
Major Producers
OPEC
Wars and Inflation
Oil Embargo
1973 October War
Inflation
Economic Growth
Asian Giants: India and China
Increased Demand for Oil by Both Nations
Increased Prices Equal Less Economic Growth
Stagflation
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"It is seen that China is one of the fastest growing nations in economic terms and that has taken up the consumption of oil by the country from 2 million tons a year to over 10 million tons now. Even in last year, the growth is over 35 percent and according to analysis of ban credits, it is estimated that Chin will account for over 40 percent of the growth in oil demand. There is also a large increase in demand for oil in United States and this is boosting oil demand internationally. The demand for imports has now reached the limit of supply at about 80 million barrels a day, as already mentioned earlier. At the same time, there are doubts as to whether the massive imports by China are real annual demand or are for building up strategic stocks. According to JP Morgan, the stocks with china are now about 285 million barrels, and even as per statements from China, there is a stockpile being built which will be completed by the end of this year."
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The Economics of Oil, 2006.
This well-researched paper analyzes the impact and influence of the oil industry which currently supplies 90% of the world's energy needs.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the the reasons for many of the worlds battles including WWII and the current war in Iraq, which all revolved around, in one way or another, the need for oil. The writer of this paper attempts to convey the manner in which world governments control the price of oil. The writer details the differences among the countries in terms of the amount they produce and in terms of the quantities they export. In terms of production the countries include Saudi Arabia, the U.S., Russia, Iran and Mexico. In terms of exports the countries include Saudi Arabia, Russia, Norway, Iran and Mexico. The U.S. does not export oil, as it consumes all it produces. This paper discusses the many countries that depend on other countries for expanding their oil production and on the political implications involved. This paper examines Cuba's oil shortage and America's impact on this issue. This paper details the process for drilling and producing crude oil, which first appears on the surface of the earth as a thick liquid dark brown or greenish in color. This paper also delves into the theory of oil depletion, called the Hubbert Peak Theory. This theory assumes that if the oil reserves are not increased by some means, then the production of petroleum will reach a peak and then decline.
From the Paper
"There is a similar fight that is now taking place between Japan and South Korea regarding a disputed island group. This is seen in an announcement by the Korea Corporation in the middle of March that it was now trying to invest $225 million to develop gas hydrate deposits worth $150 billion. This quantity of gas will meet the needs of South Korea for 30 years. This is not unique as Even Japanese companies are busy in Sakhalin, which is a Russian island and was half owned by Japan up to the end of World War II. The investment is worth $ 1 billion a year. According to Japanese news agencies, the oil companies and trading houses of Japan are about to invest $20 billion for the production of oil and gas."
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A Letter to the Editor, 2006.
This paper analyzes the content and impact of a letter written on December 24, 1924 to the "New York Times."
1,233 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why Charles Robinson Smith's letter to the editor, of the "New York Times," usually relegated to the op-ed section of the paper, ended up on the front page. This paper details the contents of Smith's letter which was a simple analysis of the post-war European debt. This paper discusses the after effects of WWI, including societal changes that were heaped upon the advancing world. As power and money becoming singly intertwined after the war, Britain, France, and the U.S. became undisputed powers. The writer of this paper contends and explains why the end of the war not only highlighted Europe's indebtedness to America for its involvement in the struggle, but also a fiscal indebtedness for the financial assistance. This paper analyzes Smith's unique understanding of the modern western world, by stating that England and France had different levels of indebtedness to the U.S. that were not based upon expenditures in war effort, but were instead historical, which are cited in this paper.
From the Paper
"Among the many other affects of the War were the societal changes it heaped upon the advancing world. The maintaining vestige of the changes was an ever-present financial pressure, one felt not only at home but also abroad. As power and money becoming singly intertwined after the war, Britain, France, and the United States became undisputed powers. The United States, previously a lesser unknown across the ocean, stretched its finances and flexed its military muscle to help the other countries, all of which witnessed great governmental expansion on home turf. At the end of the war, citizens were left with heaps of new taxes and levies; in the European Countries, these were, in part, the responsibility to pay back the debts to the American government."
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Pre and Post 9/11 Foreign Policy, 2006.
This in-depth paper analyzes whether or not there has been a marked difference in America's foreign policy since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
3,310 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 23 sources, MLA, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the long history of America's foreign policy, which initially began in dealings with the British when America was a colony. It was then the contention that Americans should not have to bear the burden of England's on-going wars with France through the heavy taxation being levied by the British. This paper lists the various wars up until WWI, which America reluctantly entered, preferring to isolate itself from the constant turmoil in the world. However, as Germany and Italy pursued their policies of expansion, the U.S. supplied arms and munitions to the countries that would eventually become its allies. This paper also details the reasons for America's involvement in the Korean war. The writer of this well-researched paper delves into the massive programs of American foreign aid which have become an integral part of U.S. foreign policy. The writer of this paper attempts to uncover the real reasons behind the current administration's active involvement in the Middle East, primarily in Iraq. This paper also examines the popular sentiment that contends America goes to war in order to relieve internal pressures within its own administration.
From the Paper
"From this point, America managed to stay out of conflict until WWI which it entered reluctantly. After WWI, America, again, tried to isolate itself from the constant turmoil in the world. However, as Germany and Italy pursued their policies of expansion, the US was supplying arms and munitions to the countries who would eventually become its allies. It could be supposed that the policy of supplying arms was seen by Germany and Italy as a measure of engagement. At any rate, once Pearl Harbor was bombed, there no was no longer a question as to whether or not the US would go to war. It isn't clearly obvious in the reading what the theories are for our involvement in Korea other than concern with the spread of Communism. This fear or propaganda or motivation, whatever one wishes to label the mindset, would control American foreign policy for the next 50 years. Communism took over from Nazi Germany as the "Great Satan" and the new threat to democracy."
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The Myth of International Cooperation, 2006.
This paper focuses on three of the largest international organizations in the world, the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA).
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This writer of this paper details the events that led to the creation of NAFTA, NATO and the UN as well as their original goals of preventing war and improving economic issues of trade while helping the world function as a globalized and interrelated unit. The writer contends and explains why these organizations currently function as merely a personification of the very issues that existed before their introduction. This paper details the history of the UN, NATO and NAFTA. NATO was established after WWII, thanks to various European nations and the U.S. The intention of NATO was to band together as a military alliance against the threat of the Soviet Union. This paper looks at NATO since the fall of the Soviet Union, in which many contend the organization has been taken over by U.S. interests. This paper also discusses the world's perception of NAFTA, which is an economically driven alliance between north American nations, with the advantage going to the wealthiest and most powerful member nations. The writer delves into the workings of the UN which has repeatedly been stymied in its efforts to accomplish important international tasks, which are detailed in this paper. This paper also discusses the role of the U.S. as the principle power in all three organizations.
From the Paper
"So, too, many consider NAFTA, an economically driven alliance between North American Nations (principally Canada, the United States, and Mexico) to be equally unbalanced, with the advantage going to the wealthiest and most powerful member nations. In this case, many assert that, although the concept of "free trade" between the North American nations is a good one, in practice the natural imbalance of the alliance proves problematic. For example, many within Mexico complain that the agenda of the United States, and secondarily, Canada overshadows any legitimate concerns that Mexico may have."
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The War in Iraq, 2006.
A study of the tension between government and the press over the current war in Iraq.
3,750 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the tense relations between the media and the government -- including the army -- over the current war in Iraq. The paper discusses how, in the age of the internet, digital connectivity allows for the immediate dissemination of facts. However, as the paper also points out, whether or not that factual wave actually makes it o the public is up to two groups: the media and the government. Using the current U.S.-led Iraq war as an example to highlight this issue, the paper dissects the dynamics between the government and the media, both at home and abroad. The paper also examines how those tensions were catapulted into an abyss by the complexity of election season politics, the nationalistic idea of "spreading democracy," and current religious tensions worldwide.
From the Paper
"Chronicling the events that incited the current war could be attributed to either these weapons of mass destruction as of yet unfound, a key flaw in evidentiary support on behalf of the Federal government, a familial vendetta against the Hussein family a la House of Bush, House of Saud, the energy and gas crises currently heading the worldwide economy, or the rising Christian: Arab tensions engulfing the powerfully well-resourced Middle East - but the reason for war is different depending on not only which side of the struggle you ask, but all of those reporting on it. From this the political surveyor and astute citizen can glean one key truth in the purpose of this war: America has launched a war on a leader, a country, an idea, and an area based on a wide variety of reasons, sometimes all conflicting, but none without key, moneyed, and powerful supporters."
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The Bush Doctrine, 2005.
This paper examines the U.S. foreign policies of 'containment' and the 'Bush Doctrine'.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that 'Bush Doctrine', implemented in the wake of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks, has given a decisive new direction to the U.S. foreign policy, which was previously based on the principles of containment and deterrence. The author points out that this new foreign policy principles of pre-emption and unilateralism immediately were put to test by the U.S. administration by its war with Iraq. The paper relates that the results of this change in policy have been mixed and it is still too early to tell whether the Bush Doctrine would prove to be a long-term, lasting and successful change in U.S. foreign policy or the country would have to revert back to the time-tested and less controversial principles of containment, deterrence and multilateralism.
Table of Contents
Policy of Containment: Origin and History
The 'Bush Doctrine': its Roots and Implementation
The Defense Planning Guidance Draft of 1992
Neo-Cons' Letter to President Clinton (1998)
George W. Bush & His Foreign Policy 'Tutors'
Terrorists Provide the Opportunity
From Containment to Preemption
Formal Pronouncement of the Bush Doctrine: The US National Security Strategy
Preemption
Unilateralism
US Hegemony
Actively Promoting Democracy, and Liberty around the World
Pros and Cons of the New Bush Doctrine
Cons
Tarnished US Image
Invitation to Isolation and Enmity
Unethical Doctrine
Invites Abuse and Sets a Precedent for Others
Democracy Cannot be Exported
Pros
Threat of Terrorism needs New Strategy
Pre-emption by US: not the First Time
Is the Bush Doctrine Succeeding?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The doctrine of preemptive war invites abuse because it offers no criteria by which to judge whether a threat justifies a preemptive strike. The U.S. invasion of Iraq is an appropriate example of such a 'preemptive' war in which there was arguably no imminent threat of an attack except in the sole judgment of the Bush administration. It also sets a dangerous precedent for others to follow in order to settle their regional differences. There are a number of current political disputes around the world in which the stronger adversary could invoke the 'preemptive' doctrine to attack its weaker neighbor. For example, China could attack Taiwan over the question of Taiwan's independence; India could attack Pakistan over the Kashmir dispute, and Russia is already threatening to attack Georgia over the alleged cross-border terrorist activities of Chechen guerillas."
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?Blowback?, 2005.
An overview of Chalmers Johnson's book on the consequences of America's foreign policy.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how, in his book, "Blowback", Chalmers Johnson uses the term to attempt to show that the evil nature of American foreign policy has consistently resulted in unwelcome consequences. The paper shows the relevance of Johnson's book to the events of September 11th, even though it was written a year before the tragedy.
From the Paper
"In writing about the attacks on the World Trade Center, Johnson says, "one man's terrorist is, of course, another man's freedom fighter, and what US officials denounce as unprovoked terrorist attacks on its innocent citizens are often meant as retaliation for previous American imperial actions." He attempts to justify the actions of the terrorists on 9-11 by saying that they were responding in the only way that they could against overwhelming US military superiority. "The United States deploys such overwhelming military force globally that for its militarized opponents only an "asymmetric strategy," in the jargon of the Pentagon, has any chance of success." He points out that the attacks were not against America, but against American foreign policy, a distinction that the victims of 9-11 are unlikely to see."
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Invasion in Iraq, 2006.
A critique of President George W. Bush's war in Iraq.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper studies and criticizes the Bush administration's current war in Iraq. The paper begins with the author's assertion that the only reason President Bush invaded Iraq was to secure U.S. interests in the region -- namely oil. The paper provides a review of literature, citing authors and opinion-makers who likewise oppose the war, to support the paper's thesis. Then the paper provides an analysis of several claims made by the administration to bolster its war, all of which this author refutes. The claims are: (1) that Iraq had a stockpile of weapons of mass destruction, (2) that Iraq had nuclear weapons, (3) that Iraq had active chemical and biological weapons and imminent plans to use them, and (4) that Iraq had mobile weapons laboratories.
Introduction
Review of Literature
The Case of Weapons of Mass Destruction
The Case of Iraqi Nuclear Weapons
The Case of Active Chemical and Biological Weapons Plans
The Case of Mobile Weapons Laboratories
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The entire Bush administration had been playing the mantra that Saddam Hussein possesses weapons of mass destruction. David Cortright, Alistair Millar and Linda M. Gerber (2003) write, " In his January 2003 State of the Union address President Bush referred to tens of thousands of liters of anthrax and botulinum toxin and hundreds of tons of sarin, mustard gas, and VX nerve agent. U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell asserted in his February presentation to the UN Security Council that Iraq was concealing efforts to redevelop weapons of mass destruction." These observations had been in contradiction with the UN investigators as they had inspected Iraq on more than 700 occasions. The UN investigators had found nothing that would support the claims being made by the Bush and Blair Administration. "Dr. Hans Blix, head of the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) told the Security Council on 14 February, 'So far, UNMOVIC has not found any [proscribed] weapons, only a small number of empty chemical munitions. . . .' (David Cortright, Alistair Millar and Linda M. Gerber, 2003)"
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