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The United Nations, 2007.
A discussion as to whether or not the United Nations has been successful in furthering world peace.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the United Nations and the success of the organization in maintaining world peace. According to the paper, the United Nations has failed miserably. This paper traces the long and regrettable history of the United Nations' failure in furthering world peace, explains the reasons for its failure ,and makes suggestions for improvement.
From the Paper
"Moreover, the very structure of the United Nations was such that it almost guaranteed paralysis. UN Security Council was the organ that was entrusted with the task of maintaining peace and security among nations. Its five permanent members --the US, USSR, Britain, France, China--were given veto powers, which enabled them to void any Security Council resolution irrespective of the extent of general support on any issue . Such powers, especially in the Cold War environment, meant that the two major adversarial powers for the first forty years of the United Nation's existence would never let a UN resolution pass, which was perceived to be against their respective strategic interest."
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Building Strategy Partnership, 2007.
An analysis of the European Union in terms of the "five lenses class theory" - formality, power, risk, structure and time frame.
2,189 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses one of the most diverse coalitions to emerge in recent times - that of the European Union, or EU. The paper examines the EU in the scope of "five lenses class theory". That is, it looks at formality, power, risk, structure and time frame with regard to the EU. The paper then presents a set of recommendations for the coalition as it moves into the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review of Relevant Literature
Analysis of the Coalition According to "Five Lenses Class Theory"
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Overall, the EU should institute more rigid guidelines in terms of how nations that are affiliated with the coalition receive, and use, power. In this instance, power refers to the trading privileges, military latitude, and human rights activities of the member nations involved. When there are safeguards in place to in essence police the members of the coalition, it will gain credibility and avoid entanglements abroad. By regulating the power that flows through the EU, the risks associated with the maintenance, and future growth of the coalition will be greatly reduced. Timeframes are also important, especially in terms of strategic planning and growth. It would be wise for the EU to establish, and adhere to, a timeline that keeps the achievement of established goals on track. Lastly, the structure of the EU is very important; while the temptation in the formation of coalitions is to make them as large and unwieldy as possible, this is an exception. Because of the innovative nature of the EU, it will undoubtedly have to evolve substantially to achieve goals and remain viable in future years as the global economy likewise matures. Therefore, the agility of the EU will be very important."
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America's "Crusading Zeal", 2007.
This paper explores the American objectives of war and peace in the mid-twentieth century.
747 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the opinion of Professor Fairbank who commented on America's "crusading zeal". The paper maintains that this was a fair critical analysis of America's move toward conflict during the period of 1945-1965, with American anti-communist foreign policy a true example. The paper examines many examples of American efforts to take world enforced peace into its own hands. The paper contends that Fairbank's assessment was warranted and cautionary in a period that was unlikely to see peace with continuous American military interventions.
From the Paper
"Policies during and following World War II set the stage for conflict. Roosevelt's agreements with Churchill and Stalin following the war not only fell apart, but also led to the Cold War and extreme anti-communism in the United States (Kort, 31-32). Stalin fostered many communist nations, threatening the United States and England. British and American forces responded with the support of revolutionaries and governments that took power away from the communists. American foreign policy concerning communism became clear with the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan and was emphasized by American leaders throughout the period (Kort 36-43)."
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NAFTA, 2007.
This paper discusses NAFTA and protectionism.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as U.S. deficits accelerate, advocates of protectionism use the data to fuel emotional support for their fight against free trade agreements such as NAFTA. But, the writer points out that to determine whether or not a trade policy is good or bad involves more than just exploring trade balances. The writer maintains that a more complex analysis that considers factors such as economic growth, foreign investment and the benefits of market specialization reveal that free trade has a net positive impact. NAFTA is no exception. With regards to the growing trade deficit, the writer notes that NAFTA simply accelerated the inevitable as the U.S. is forced to compete in an increasingly global marketplace. The writer concludes that therefore, the U.S. should continue to promote free trading by seeking out the signing of agreements such as NAFTA.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Increasing trade has been a success, but it is true that beneficiaries have been Mexico and Canada, not the U.S. In the first ten years of NAFTA, trade among the three countries more than doubled, from $306 billion to $621 billion in 2003 (USTR on NAFTA's tenth anniversary). During the same time, U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico grew from $142 billion to $263 billion. However, Mexican and Canadian exports to the U.S. have grown even faster, leaving a huge U.S. trade deficit with these countries. Before NAFTA, the U.S. maintained a modest trade surplus with Mexico. Now, the U.S. has a huge trade deficit with Mexico as Mexican exports to the U.S. grew 242% during the decade of NAFTA execution (USTR on NAFTA's tenth anniversary). And, the U.S. trade deficit with Canada has increased fivefold."
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Kosovo Serbia Conflict, 2007.
This paper discusses the roles of the U.S. President and the U.S. Congress in the Kosovo and Serbia conflict.
972 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents an exploration of the Kosovo and Serbia conflict of 1999. The writer examines the roles played by then United States President, Bill Clinton, and the United States Congress. Further, the writer examines the opinion of each entity and their agreements and disagreements with regard to each conflict. The writer notes that for some people, the defining moment of Clinton's foreign policy mistakes can be seen in the Kosovo-Serbia conflict. Others believe that he was completely right in his decisions during that time and that the true issues have to do with the way Congress worked against him.
Outline:
Introduction
The Overview
From the Paper
"The suit brought to light the fact that a President using the War Powers Resolution has an obligation to report to Congress within 48 hours of introducing hostile actions to the mix if those hostilities used the United States Armed Forces."
"At that point Congress has a sixty day period in which to declare war, or bring the troops home, however, the president can extend if for 30 days if that will more significantly insure the troops safety during withdrawal.
Congress and the president agreed that military action had begun in March. They disagreed whether or not the president was in compliance with the acts of war that he was obligated to follow. Clinton said he was following the war by reporting his decisions to Congress."
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Multiculturalism in a World Community, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of multiculturalism within a world community.
1,848 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of a world community. The paper particularly focuses on multiculturalism within a world community and looks at multiculturalism in the community in general and then in the workplace, specifically. The paper also discusses any issues that may arise due to multiculturalism and suggests that education is the key to resolving multicultural differences.
Table of Contents:
Multicultural Instruction
Multiculturalism in Work Places
From the Paper
"While there is still a long road ahead of us, the world generally seems to embrace the idea that we live together in a multicultural and diverse world, and we celebrate that in many ways. However, there continues to be resistance to the emergence of a new world order that would strive for economic and social and political opportunities for all people. Education is, again, the key to bringing about the much needed changes will resolve the differences that keep us from celebrating one another's cultural and traditional differences. We must continue to provide the resources and opportunities to emerging third world nations to help them grow into the environments within which they find themselves moving as the bridges that connect us continue to be built. Again, education is the key to resolving multicultural differences."
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Root Causes of Terrorism, 2007.
This paper identifies and discusses the root causes of terrorism.
1,930 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that since the events of September 11, 2001 the reality and threat of international terrorism has increased. This threat has also extended to the danger of domestic terrorism, with the subsequent increase of security concerns within the United States and around the globe. The writer points out that the study of terrorism and the cause or causes of terrorist actions have therefore assumed a high profile in many disciplines, including the important area of international relations. The writer discusses that among the cardinal reasons for terrorist activities are perceptions of inequality and discrimination on economic as well as political and ethnic levels. The writer maintains that this is by no means the only cause of terrorism but many of the other causes can be derived or related to this basic concern.
From the Paper
"While the focus has generally been on ways and methods of preventing and fighting terrorism, there has been an increasing focus on the necessity to determine the underlying causative facets that motivate and precipitate terrorist actions. There is a growing realization that only through a clear understanding of these primary and fundamental causes can the specter of terrorism be practically reduced."
"However, the question of the causative factors of terrorism cannot be easily answered in any simplistic or definitive way. There are many complex variables and aspects that have to be considered in order to come to a fundamental assessment of the causes of these extreme actions. The facets that underlie and act as fundamental " triggers" of terrorist actions are often interrelated, so that there are in most cases a number of factors that combine to create the environment and the sense of justification for terrorist actions. The following is only a partial list of various possible causes of terrorism."
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Negotiation, 2007.
This paper discusses the power of negotiation.
822 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the power of negotiation, using past experiences of the United States and the Soviet Union as examples. The writer points out that a good negotiator must overcome personal and nonconstructive negative emotions. Further, the writer states that diffusing tensions rather than igniting them during the early stages of a crisis is important. It is crucial to find mutual goals during a negotiation.
The writer notes that allowing the other party to save face may keep them at the bargaining table, without looking weak.
Outline:
Introduction
Step 1: Go to the Balcony
Step 2: Step to their side
Step 3: Tackle the problem together
Step 4: Reframe
Step 5: Build a golden bridge
Step 5: Use power to educate, even if the other side seems intransigent
From the Paper
"Taking a deep breath, gaining composure, and metaphorically going to the balcony to get some fresh air may seem like a counterintuitive first step, but it is the best thing to do during a crisis. When the presence of the missiles was first discovered through reconnaissance photography, Kennedy did not immediately announce this fact to the American populace. Instead, Kennedy embarked upon seven days of guarded and intense debate with his most trusted advisors. He did not want the Soviets to know that America was aware of the missiles, either, until he had a chance to evaluate all of his options and find one that would lead to the most mutually satisfactory solution."
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The Space Race, 2007.
This paper explores the role that the launching of Sputnik I had in further intensifying the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the US.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper posits that, with the launching of Sputnik I, a space race emerged, which cemented the conflict between the Soviet Union and the US. The paper illustrates how, because of the space race, hostility between the Soviet Union and the US increased, prompting America to create a Western alliance to combat the new threats.
From the Paper
"Mid-20th century signified the emergence of a significant event that defined the future development of countries all over the world, in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres of the world. During this period, the Cold War developed as a result of the containment policy that the United States had propagated, in response to the increasing support and popularity of Communism in Asian and East European countries. Cues from Communist countries like the Soviet Union bloc elicited corresponding responses from champions of democracy such as the US. What emerged, then, was a competition between Communism and democracy, represented primarily by the Soviet Union and US, respectively."
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Cyber-security Breaches, 2007.
A review of recent case studies of cyber-security breaches in the USA.
4,069 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses various recent cyber-security breaches in the USA. The paper discusses each event, the method used to breach the cyber-security and the response. The paper focuses primarily on the case of Moonlight Maze, one of the most infamous cyber-attacks which occurred in the late 1990s.
From the Paper
"The hackers were apparently working from a location in Russia, though this could not be definitively established due to the nature of the infiltration. All that is known for certain is that the hack into Department of Defense computers had been going on for more than a year and that it is entirely unclear how much information was made off with during that time. This is due in part to the fact that in addition to raiding information directly from the Pentagon, the hackers also used that point of entry to enter other sensitive systems throughout the US government. These included networks at nuclear research labs associated with the Energy Department, NASA, and numerous university research facilities (Drogin, 1999). Investigators reiterate that the attackers obtained no known classified information, but the general uncertainty surrounding Moonlight Maze makes this claim dubious at best."
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Foreign Policy towards the Middle East, 2007.
This paper explains what must be the goals of the U.S. administration's future Middle Eastern policy.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the the goals of future U.S. Middle Eastern policy should be peace, the promise of a new United States image in the region, and greater independence from the nations that would cause harm. The writer then argues that the three main goals of the next administration should and must be to begin to bring the current conflict in Iraq to a successful or at least manageable political and diplomatic solution rather than a military conclusion, to facilitate new negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians and finally to reduce U.S. dependence on Middle Eastern oil. The writer concludes that diplomacy and acting multilaterally must be the goal, both of the U.S. policy in its phased withdrawal from Iraq and also in continuing to strive to broker an effective peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians.
From the Paper
"At present, Iraq is a failed state and American military policy is a failed policy. The Iraqi government cannot protect its people, deliver services, collect revenues, or administer its laws. Renegade Iraqi militias are the real legal powers. Embedding more U.S. troops will simply result in further U.S. causalities. A diplomatic solution is the only hope."
"The goal of the next administration must be to create a representational Iraqi government over the next four years that is able to exert control over its oil reserves, force the militias to transfer military power to the state regime, and enforce minority rights. In exchange for turning over arms there will be amnesty for all combatants, to avoid diverting important resources into show trials that will only further divide the nation, as did the trial and execution of the former dictator Saddam Hussein."
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Africa and the UN System, 2007.
This paper examines the UN system as it relates to Africa.
3,247 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the United Nations is the result of the universal aspiration for peace and cooperation at the global level. The writer notes that from its inception, it was meant to be a world forum for discussing and resolving the problems facing humanity. Despite this lofty goal, in many occasions throughout its history, the world body failed to deliver on this promise. The writer notes that third world countries, most of them being fragile emerging democracies, face constant threats to their political system, their economic situation and the social structure. The writer points out that from this perspective, the reform of the United Nations may represent an opportunity for such countries to decide on a structure that would cater for their needs and problems to a larger extend than the existing one.
From the Paper
"The historical colonial background of the US determined it to take a strong stand against any possibility of maintaining the colonial system as part of any postwar agreement and reshaping of the world. At the same time, the political interests of all the three major powers that decided upon the blueprint of the peacetime imposed them an attitude that eventually favored the independence, although limited, of the former colonial possessions. Therefore, the current third world countries, which in large parts represent the African continent, were from the very beginning both under the overprotective eye of a system that had from the onset limited means and capabilities, and under the scrutiny of the trusteeship powers."
"This background on the issue at hand enables the proper presentation of the causes and effects of the failing UN policy towards third world countries, as well as its current results. Indeed, the highly anticipated UN reform can be seen as an opportunity for the small and poor countries to have their say in the reshaping of the institutional and political framework of the organization. "
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CAFTA and Globalization, 2007.
An argument in favor of the Canadian American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA).
1,533 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper asserts that in the case of CAFTA, the Canadian American Free Trade Agreement, the economic arguments in its favor are both logical and correct. The paper argues that opposition to CAFTA in its inception was due to unfounded fears of potential poor outcomes. The paper maintains how real progress is being seen; free trade is expanding exponentially and many US and Canadian concerns of Asian market dominance are being addressed.
From the Paper
"In the book Globaphobia Gary Burtless points out that though many assessments of the modern economy are decidedly positive and still others claim that the economy is, "very kind to a few at the top, but barely rewarding for many in the middle, and a continuing nightmare for those at the bottom." The question then arises with regard to globalization that because this economy is expanding to the global marketplace, where the majority of peoples suffering from this "continuing nightmare" live all care must be taken to redress this social concern. Some will invariably argue that the development of trade agreements such as CAFTA is simply the next step in a self-serving corporate mindset to more directly direct the funds into the pockets of those at the very top."
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Abu Ghraib Prison, 2007.
This paper discusses the photographs from the atrocities associated with the American controlled Iraqi prison named Abu Ghraib.
3,860 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the atrocities associated with the once American controlled Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq have been represented visually through a series of oft repeated photographs taken by American guards at the prison. The author points out that these images are of frequently naked, hooded Iraqi prisoners being publicly shamed and tortured by America soldiers, often shown smiling and referring to the spectacle with what can only be described as glee. The paper states that these pictures have left a lasting mark on the face of the war and on the image of the United States all over the world.
From the Paper
"Another issue associated with these grave deeds and their photographic record is the obvious and frequent utilization of nudity as a manner to debase prisoners. The guards are shown fully uniformed (in a show of power over the prisoners) while prisoners, except for the covering of their faces are debased in scenes of immorality completely incongruent with their faith and their pride, yet interestingly congruent with the world view (as it applies to Islam) as it relates to hatred of western freedoms, including the manner in which the west freely depicts nudity and objectifies the body."
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Foreign Aid and Global Poverty, 2007.
An analysis of the contributions of foreign aid to the relief of global poverty.
3,532 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the United States' foreign aid policy and the issues of global poverty. It begins by describing the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and their missions. It then looks at other forms of foreign aid and their contributions to relieving global poverty. The paper concludes that foreign aid policy is not a solution to global poverty.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The World Trade Organization
The World Health Organization
Other forms of "Foreign Aid"
From the Paper
"Finally, more actions are necessary on the part of larger international institutions if the problem regarding global poverty is ever to be solved. A few of the ways in which this could be resolved is to implement better negotiations and enforcement procedures at the WTO and WHO. Both organizations could adhere to narrower realistic goals within each of their organization's missions. These goals could be reviewed every year, and updated accordingly. For example, individual policies could be reviewed regarding import and export tariffs for agricultural products in an attempt to better regulate the sector. The WHO could begin with measures that would reduce illnesses in poor populations, with the end goal of creating a healthier population. Foreign aid policy needs to be amended to not only support the foreign aid contributor, but also must be in alignment with the developing country that is receiving the aid. Perhaps developing countries need better representation in the WTO and the WHO in order to make sure that foreign aid actually helps them. As a result, these and other organizations could take several actions to reduce world poverty."
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Immigration Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the United States' immigration policy with regards to border security and illegal immigration.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of border security in the United States. Specifically, it discusses whether efforts to restructure U.S. immigration policy should focus primarily on securing the nations borders or if the reformers' priority should be facilitating illegal immigrants' ability to obtain a work permit or attain U.S. citizenship.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, securing the borders is necessary for a number of compelling reasons. It will help keep the nation more secure from terrorists and other threats. It will also help stem the tide of illegal immigrants flowing across the border. These illegal immigrants cost the country billions in health care, education, and criminal justice costs, and stopping the flow will help the country both economically and socially. Americans must support the border fence and stronger measures for border security and the entire border must remain secured in the future. Immigration policy should see some reform, and it should be more friendly to immigrants attempting the enter the country through the preferred legal channels. However, the immigration policy must strongly address security of the nation's borders as well. America's safety and security depends on it."
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