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Transparency in Trade Negotiations, 2006.
A discussion regarding the need for transparency in international trade relations.
2,585 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in the past, mistrust and false pretense in matters of subsidies, hidden tariffs, and environmental issues between countries have caused trade negotiations to be delayed and even fail. According to the paper, in an increasingly globalized marketplace, further use of transparency mechanisms and openness is required in order for future international trade negotiations to fully succeed. This paper demonstrates how, through a critical review of the relevant and peer-reviewed literature, the implementation of a stronger role by organizations such as the UK-backed Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and Dispute Settlement Bodies will enhance global economic growth, and contribute to the reduction of poverty.
From the Paper
"The term, "resource curse," was first coined by Auty (1993) in his essay, "Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis," by which he described a phenomenon in which countries that are naturally endowed with resources, primarily in the developing world, have failed to achieve their full economic potential because of disparate trade policies with developed countries such as the United States. In this regard, Auty reports that, "The conventional view concerning the role of natural resources in economic development has been that the resource endowment is most critical in the early low-income stages of the development process. It assumes that, as development proceeds and a population acquires more and more skills, those skills are deployed with increasing effectiveness to counteract any resource deficiencies" (1993, p. 1). Today, a number of sub-Sahara African nations fall in this category, and Nigeria in particular represents such a country. All of these resource-rich developing countries have inherited a legacy of a colonialist past that has adversely affected their current capacity to compete in the international marketplace while simultaneously attempting to cope with the effects of poor weather conditions, a range of diseases, and a lack of foreign direct investment (Auty, 1993). "
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Tibet and China, 2007.
This paper explores the complex relationship between Tibet and China.
1,293 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the dispute between China and Tibet about Tibet's sovereignty. The paper relates that today, the Dalai Lama (leader of the Tibetan government in exile) has given up his demand for total secession from China and China itself is committed to the development of the region, while giving it a special status and autonomy within the state of China. The paper asserts that other countries, including the United States, should refrain from supporting separation of Tibet from China as such a policy would only create turmoil and bring further misery to the poverty-stricken people of Tibet.
From the Paper
"The relationship between Tibet and China, despite the various ups and downs seen over the past several centuries, continues to remain fluid. The points of view of the Chinese and the Tibetans about the sovereignty of Tibet are diametrically opposite. The Chinese are firmly of the view that Tibet has been an indivisible part of China de jure since the Yuan dynasty seven centuries ago; they believe that all pro-independence movement in Tibet were and are encouraged and abetted by malicious Western imperialist powers who have always strived to weaken China's sovereignty. The Tibetan government in exile, led by the Dalai Lama who had fled Tibet after a failed uprising in 1959, is equally adamant that the current Chinese rule in Tibet is illegitimate and colonial, and it violates Tibet's historical status as an independent country."
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| Essay # 96061 |
temporarily unavailable
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The Revolution of U.S. Intelligence, 2007.
A look at changes in U.S. intelligence after World War II and during the emergence of the Cold War.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how US intelligence gathering underwent a reformation after the end of World War II. Nuclear weapons were available to the U.S. and later the Soviet Union and it was clear communist nations such as North Korea desired world dominance. The paper shows how this led to the need for a more accurate intelligence force in the United States. The paper also shows how technological advances, such as the US spy plane, global satellites, and other intelligence gear enabled the United States to become one of the premier intelligence gathering nations in the world.
From the Paper
"The modern intelligence gathering agencies as we know them today have their roots at the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. In 1947, President Harry Truman signed the National Security Act, which "established the National Security Council to advise the president on foreign affairs and defense policy; created the Central Intelligence Agency to gather and analyze foreign intelligence and conduct covert operations; and created a Department of Defense to coordinate the activities of the branches of the US armed forces." In 1952, he created the National Security Agency, which was supposed to engage solely in cryptology, which would seem to separate the agencies even more."
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United Nations, 2007.
This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the United Nations.
1,219 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that in order for one to determine whether or not the United Nations has been successful at accomplishing its goals, one must look to the advantages and disadvantages of the United Nations. Further the writer notes that to do so, one must look at the United Nations' peacekeeping capabilities, arms control and disarmament policies, human rights work and humanitarian aid. The writer also discusses how those policies have been applied to member and non-member nations. The writer concludes that in order to move the United Nation towards its goals of bringing peace and improving the quality of life of all people, the United Nations may need to undergo a restructuring, which would make the United Nations more likely to intervene on behalf of citizens in less influential nations.
From the Paper
"One of the main critiques of the League of Nations, which was the predecessor to the United Nations, was that it had no power to enforce its recommendations. Therefore, a relative advantage of the United Nations is that it has the authority to send troops to locations where violence is threatened. This power is referred to as peacekeeping. According to the Human Security Centre, the United Nations' peacekeeping efforts appear to have resulted in a less violence world by eliminating colonial conflicts, reducing interstate wars, and reducing genocide and politicide. In fact, the most powerful testament to the United Nations' peacekeeping ability is the fact that there has not been a third world war. However, it would be inaccurate to simply label the United Nation's peacekeeping power solely as an advantage, because history has revealed that it has not been applied consistently. For example, the United Nations has either been reluctant to use its peacekeeping powers to aid people in Africa, or has proven woefully unsuccessful when it has attempted to do so."
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World War II, 2006.
A discussion regarding America's involvement in World War II.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at America's reluctance to participate in World War II. The paper goes on to review the issues that led to the US finally getting involved. According to the paper, by the time the US entered the war, Hitler's Nazis had invaded much of Europe. The paper concludes with the idea that the American involvement in World War II transformed the role of the United States on the world's stage. What was formerly an isolationist nation found itself on the forefront of international politics.
From the Paper
"Germany would later retract on its neutrality agreement with the Soviets, by attempting to invade Russia. The unsuccessful invasion of Moscow would become one of the reasons for the eventual Nazi defeat. An emboldened Soviet Union made inroads into Eastern Europe and eventually Germany and under pressure from several fronts at once, the Nazis were forced to surrender unconditionally. Germany surrendered less than a month after President Roosevelt died."
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September, 11th, 2006.
An in-depth discussion regarding the September, 11th terrorist attacks.
3,158 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at September, 11th 2001, when two planes crashed into the World Trade Center. According to the paper, intelligence agencies report that Al Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden were responsible for this barbaric act, which killed thousands and affected millions. The paper goes on to review the '9/11 Commission' set up to investigate this horrific event.
Outline:
Introduction
Disaster
Responsibilities
Motives
Reactions
International and Public
International Reaction
Local Public Response
Aftermath Strategy
Domestic Front
International Front
Federal Response
Government Account Office Response
Imminent Threats
Modification of Building Codes
Psychological Impact of 9/11 and Bioterrorism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The economic activity of Lower Manhattan, which is considered to be the third largest business district of U.S, was damaged considerably because of terrorist attacks. Thirty percent (28.7 million sq. ft) of Lower Manhattan office space was either damaged or destroyed. The 41-story Deutsche Bank Building, neighboring the World Trade Center, was damaged extensively; the building was considered to be unfit for habitation and was subjected to demolition."
"North American airspace was sealed for several days after the attack. The air travel reduced significantly after it's reopening, as the threat of terrorist activities still prevailed and people were much under psychological impact. The attacks led to nearly a 20% cutback in air travel capacity, and severely aggravated financial problems in the struggling U.S. Airline Industry."
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Israel & Hezbollah, 2006.
A discussion regarding the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history and continuous tension and conflict between Israel and Hezbollah. The paper reports that both sides dislike each other vehemently and the borders between Israel and Lebanon have seen near-constant incidents of violence over the years.
Outline:
Introduction: Key historical issues between Israel and their Arab Neighbors Living in Palestine and Lebanon
Key Issues: Identification of key issues or disputes
Recent and Current Policy
National Interests and Goals
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The bitterness between the two sides notwithstanding, Pascual writes that Lebanon must address three "enormous challenges." Those three are, to first "mitigate the immediate impacts of war so those returning to destroyed homes and livelihoods can begin to rebuild their lives." That is going to be an unbelievable task, since the Brookings Institute (a nonprofit organization that has international influence on policy decisions) reports that the recent war "displaced 1 million people, a quarter of Lebanon's population," and it destroyed 30,000 housing units. It also destroyed "crops and tourism" in the southern part of Lebanon, taking away two "main sources of income" for Lebanese citizens. The second major challenge is to build "critical social, economic and physical infrastructure," Pascual asserted. To do this, around $3.5 billion will be needed, and the focus should be on "putting to work Lebanon's strongest asset: the private sector. "
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War: No Justification for the Consequences, 2006.
A discussion regarding war and its consequences.
1,484 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how war has been waged for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations like Greece, Macedonia, Hittites, China, the Three Kingdoms etc. The paper reports that through the years, warfare has evolved. With the invention of gunpowder by the Chinese around 300 - 650 AD, and the introduction of smokeless gunpowder in 1886 by Paul Vieille, war has quickly become a means for countries to extend their borders and influence friends and neighbors alike through strong arm tactics. The paper goes on to discuss how there is never any action without consequences but throughout history, leaders have always been more concerned with the outcome of the conflict than with the consequences of their actions.
Outline:
Introduction
CONGO: Africa's First World War
Middle East: War-A way of Life
Conclusion
From the Paper
"War and the Middle East have had an ongoing love affair for centuries now. Dating back from the Ottoman and Persian Empires to modern day Iraq and the Palestinian territories, conflicts on a grand scale have existed there. Today, the focus is on the Palestinian and Israeli conflict and the devastation caused by both sides. With the lack of a modern day military Palestinian militants have adopted a brand of guerilla warfare, with suicide bombers killing themselves, along with innocent Israeli civilians, in the name of Allah. On the other side you have the Israeli military, arguably the best trained military in the world, conducting military campaigns across the border in hopes of destroying the militant infrastructure. This conflict has been going on for years and there seems to be no end in sight. "
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Pre-Emptive Strike on Iraq, 2007.
An argument in favour of the war in Iraq.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the U.S. preemptive strike on Iraq was both inevitable and overdue. The paper analyzes how critics of the current war in Iraq feel that the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) problem was exaggerated by the Bush administration. The paper then points out that President Bush's decision to go to war with Iraq was based on intelligence shared by previous presidential administrations. The paper further analyzes how other critics of the war point out the supposed lack of terrorist groups in Iraq. The writer argues that this could not be further from the truth and that Iraq is a state supporter of terrorism.
From the Paper
"During the Gulf War, Hussein sponsored several failed terrorist attacks on U.S. soil. According to the U.S. Department of State, "The Iraqi intelligence service attempted to assassinate former U.S. President George Bush during a visit to Kuwait" ("Significant Terrorist Incidents, 1961-2003: A Brief Chronology"). As Hussein's WMD program grew, the U.S. became more concerned that he might share new WMD technology with terrorist organizations ("Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs"). For example, Iraq had assisted in the creation of the Abu Nidal Organization, providing it training, logistical support, and funding."
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Canadian National Security and Privacy, 2007.
This paper examines Canadian security and privacy issues following the events of 9/11.
2,406 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of issues surrounding borders and customs in Canada following the events of 9/11. The writer explores changes that have taken place and the impact of those changes on the privacy of Canadian citizens. In particular, the writer uses the Canadian Constitution and the Charter of Rights to examine this issue. The author concludes that since the events of 9/11, it has become necessary to re-evaluate national security measures in Canada, while at the same time ensuring that the privacy of Canada's citizens is protected as well.
Outline:
Introductions
Customs and Borders
Charter Issues
When All is Said and Done
From the Paper
"Since the events of 9-11 the two most important areas of concern for Canadian officials have been customs and border issues. Because the terrorist who committed the attacks on the New York City World Towers used commercial airplanes to commit those attacks the Canadian officials along with the rest of the world has moves toward increasing air travel safety and border regulations to insure terrorists do not have access either by land or by air."
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United Nations, 2006.
A discussion regarding the United Nations (UN) and its current policy towards Iraq and Liberia.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the role of the United Nations (UN). The paper points out that the UN is "an organization of nations that was formed in 1945 to promote peace, security, and international cooperation." The paper focuses specifically on the role of the UN in Iraq and Liberia, two countries where the UN is currently promoting peace and security.
From the Paper
"The Office of the Iraq Program was established to implement UN enacted sanctions against Iraq. Contracts for aid had to be approved by this committee and as such any member country could place a hold on contracts that could be construed as assisting in Iraqi military purposes. R1051 was enacted and contained a list of items that were banned due to their potential to be utilized as military weapons. The US considered R1051 inadequate, thus placing holds on all contracts by other countries with Iraq (Rempel). "
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Myanmar, 2007.
This paper examines the southeast Asian nation of Myanmar, also known as Burma.
2,408 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that since 1988, the people of Myanmar have suffered under the leadership of a repressive military junta. The writer notes that current conditions in Myanmar not only force residents to live in fear, but also have brought about economic sanctions and reductions in foreign investment that have hurt the population's standard of living. Further the writer maintains that the situation in Myanmar has received global attention, but that bringing political and human rights reforms to this rogue nation has proven difficult. The writer concludes that a stable, democratic Myanmar will be a better economic partner for China, Russia and Myanmar's neighbors. One can expect that these nations, individually and through global and regional organizations, will eventually press for stability and reform in Myanmar.
Outline:
Major Nations Undermine UN Efforts
Despite Strength, ASEAN Takes Weak Approach
Sanctions Can Work in Myanmar
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Regrettably, as long as China and Russia sit on the UN Security Council and as long as they have economic interests in Myanmar, it will be difficult for the UN to be a driving factor for change in Myanmar. The real hope is that China and Russia may one day realize that their current positions are somewhat short-sighted. After all, a more politically and economically stable Myanmar may prove to be a better economic partner. This is a logical philosophical leap that China and Russia may one day make, but, for now, it does not appear to be in the cards."
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"Technology, War and Fascism", 2006.
A review of Herbert Marcuse's book, "Technology, War and Fascism".
1,933 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the book "Technology, War and Fascism" by Herbert Marcuse. According to the paper, Marcuse wrote these essays in the 1940s and 1950s, and they have been gathered together into a collection by his son. The paper reports that Marcuse was a liberal philosopher, famous in the 20th century for his liberal thought and understanding. The paper discusses how this book outlines Marcuse's philosophy on war, and the growing technology in the U.S. and the world at the time.
From the Paper
"After discussing Germany in such detail, the book outlines three projects Marcuse worked on while he worked for the U.S. State Department. These projects all dealt with German subjects, mostly German civil affairs and the disillusion of the Nazi Party after the war. At the time they were written, these were all classified documents. Marcuse notes that he did all the writing for these projects, while he had aides that helped gather and interpret data. He also notes a variety of publications used in evaluating the data. This section shows how involved the U.S. was in restoring Germany to its former democratic state and how experts such as Marcuse (and many others) helped them formulate plans in this regard. This is a small section of the book, but it is an important glimpse into history, and creates more impact for the overall reading of the book. "
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Culture and the Atomic Bomb, 2007.
This paper examines the effect of the atomic bomb on the U.S. with regards to politics and culture.
1,429 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the atomic bomb in U.S. history. Specifically, the writer analyzes the impact of the atomic bomb on American politics and culture in the decade-and-a-half after the explosion of the first Atomic weapon over Hiroshima. The writer notes that it changed the status of the United States in global politics and that it helped create the Cold War with the Soviet Union. Further the writer points out that it changed American culture almost overnight. The writer maintains that American politics would never be the same after the bombs exploded over Japan and notes that the threat of nuclear war still hangs over the globe today.
From the Paper
"Magazines published graphic drawings of what to do in case of a nuclear attack, including the proper attire to protect from the "heat flash." While many things were changing in American culture, the roles of men and women were still quite distinct. Women had certain roles to fulfill in Civil Defense, such as hospital or medical work, driving cars, and childcare. Men, however, were more apt to serve as fire fighters, volunteer police, air-raid wardens, and rebuilding after an attack. As the country returned to normal after the war, women stayed home to raise the family, while men went off to work. It would take more than atomic bombs to change the acceptable roles women held in society, and it would not happen in the two decades following the bombing of Japan."
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War for Resources, 2007.
An analysis of the link between environmental stresses and conflict.
3,276 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the links between aggression and environmental stress, in that damage to the environment often leads to conflict over resources and then to war. The paper specifically discusses the views of Richard Matthew, who argues in "Conserving the Peace" that the links between environmental stress and conflict can be distilled into four categories: unsustainable use of resources, inequitable access to resources, use of resources to finance conflict and incompatible uses leading to conflict.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Unsustainable Use of Resources
Inequitable Access to Resources
Use of Resources to Finance Conflict
Incompatible Uses Leading to Conflict
Water
Solutions in Progress
Conclusion
From the Paper
"If we do not respond to environmental problems, social disintegration, war and famine will increasingly plague the planet. To have peace, we need sustainable development. Peace is not simply the absence of war, violence, and hostility--it is reconciliation, human flourishing, and natural beauty. We have the ability to provide basic and adequate resources for everyone living on Earth so that no one is trapped in poverty while others enjoy abundant wealth. We can change social policies that dispossess the poor of their land and ignore their property rights. "For the first time in history, technology and science enable us to understand Earth's ecology and our impact on it, to control population growth, and to increase the carrying capacity in ways never before imagined" (Steven A. LeBlanc cited in Coles, 2004). If we make a systematic effort, we can restore balance and nurture an environment conducive to peace."
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