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Kazakhstan Today, 2007.
A description of Kazakhstan today, including its economy, people and standard of living.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a general background of Kazakhstan today, focusing on its people, politics and economy. The paper gives a comprehensive discussion of the ethnic mixture that makes this nation so interesting, including its various religions. The paper also gives a brief history of this emerging nation to place it in its current context. The author further describes concerns with the current government. The paper concludes with an optimistic outlook for the economic future of the country.
From the Paper
"Sovereign for just over a decade, Kazakhstan has been inhabited by Turk and Mongol nomadic groups for centuries. The region was conquered by the Russians in the 18th century and later, Kazakhstan became one of the republics of the Soviet Union. Modern Kazakhstan reflects a commingling of indigenous Kazak and Russian influences. Russians comprise about one-third of the nation's population and both Russian and Kazak are widely spoken. Russian is more commonly used than Kazak as the language for business and commercial transactions, whereas Kazak is the official state language. In spite of robust economic and political ties with Russia, Kazakhstan does not permit dual citizenship. According to the BBC Country Profile, ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan "resent the lack of dual citizenship and having to pass a Kazakh language test in order to work for government or state bodies." One of the motivations for Kazakhstan's strict citizenship policy is the struggle to create a "cohesive national identity," (CIA)."
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Identification and Globalization, 2006.
A discussion regarding the impact that globalization has had on the identify of the African Bushman.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of globalization and how it impacts identity in Africa. The paper focus on the African Bushmen, and looks at group as well as individual identity issues as the Bushmen relate to the globalization process.
Outline:
Summary
Introduction
Historically
Globalization
Putting It All Together
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In drawing a visual one can compare it to a phenomena commonly referred to as peer pressure in the world. It has long since been known that if one chooses to associate with a certain type of people it does not take long for that individual to begin to accept the mindset of the group. It does not take long for that person to begin excusing behaviors that may be questionable. In fact, there is a syndrome called the Stockholm Syndrome in which victims of kidnap and violence eventually begin to identify with their captors and become sympathetic to their cause. "
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Conflict in the Middle East, 2007.
An overview of the historical roots of the current conflict on the Middle East.
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of the related literature to show how there are three aspects that have contributed to the historic incidence of violence in the Middle East. It looks at how the reasons include the competition for scarce resources; a highly patriarchal social framework that disenfranchises women and encourages violence as a legitimate and acceptable practice; and inter- and intra-religious differences.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Competition for Scarce Resources
Highly Patriarchal Social Framework
Inter- and Intra-Religious Differences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Middle East features the mixed blessing of having religious sites that are common to the three major faiths in the region, Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Jerusalem in particular remains a mish-mash of legalities and religious niceties that have thus far allowed all three faiths to co-exist, but tensions remain high and everyone suspects everyone else of trying to preempt their historic claims on every square inch of soil. In this explosive environment, history will likely continue to repeat itself as one faith fights to assert its rights over scarce land based on biblical claims and religious interpretations. According to Blanche (2005), "The emergence of a Shiite-dominated government in Iraq is causing deep unease in the Arab world, which for centuries has been ruled by the majority Sunnis. "
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Oil Dependency Solutions, 2007.
A discussion of the problem of Western oil dependency on the Arab world.
1,699 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the stalemate America faces in trying to find a solution to being dependent on oil from the Arab world. The author traces the history and background of this problem, and cites the end of the 1973 oil embargo as the reason that no serious research has continued in this field. The paper additionally shows how oil pricing is high and further outlines the causes of Western dependency on oil. Also analyzed is the connection between oil dependency, the increased energy needs of emerging nations and the environment. The author concludes with a call for more research and public awareness of the issue of oil dependency.
Outline:
Introduction and Background
Genesis, Continuation and Increasing of Problem
Attempted Solutions
Evidence for the Problems of High Oil Price
Causes
Effects
Solutions
Conclusion
Table "U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices"
From the Paper
"Solutions to the ongoing and continually-increasing problem of oil dependency could still be reached; if the political will and commitment were to truly exist (and in the opinion of this author, it currently does not). No real solution is viable without that. Oil lobbies would need to lose their grip on Washington politicians, which would even conceivably happen only if a groundswell of citizenry were to threaten to "un-elect" the career politicians supported, politically and sometimes, at least to an extent, personally (trips; favors) by various big oil interests."
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"The Prince", 2007.
An analysis of Niccolo Machiavelli's "The Prince" and how his views are applied to international relations.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses concepts from Niccolo Machiavelli's "The Prince." The paper compares the leadership in the United States to Machiavelli's prince and suggests that America has been able to retain Machiavellian-style leadership on the world's stage. The paper discusses international relations in terms of Machiavelli's views and specifically focuses on economic or political power.
From the Paper
"The prime targets of trans-state terrorist organizations include powerful nation-states like the US and Great Britain. However, traditional nation-states with powerful militaries will continue to have an advantage over trans-national terrorism. Military might has proliferated among non-state entities such as terrorist groups like al-Qaeda, whose population is not situated within any geo-political boundaries. The terrorist network serves as an alternative military body to supplement that of the nation-state. Yet because the trans-state terrorist group does not exhibit other key features of Machiavellian statehood, such as land, non-state entities can never become powerful in the Machiavellian sense."
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Eisenhower and Cuba, 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship between the Eisenhower administration and Cuba.
5,612 words (approx. 22.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 220.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer researches the political developments in Cuba during the Eisenhower administration. The writer looks at how the Eisenhower administration viewed and reacted to political developments in Cuba during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower. The writer notes that the relationship between the United States and Cuba changed under the leadership of Dwight Eisenhower for many reasons, which include the fact that during the Eisenhower administration the United States had begun with a plot to overthrow Fidel Castro's leadership in Cuba. Further, the writer points out that there are certainly other factors that were key to many of the policies and decisions made by the administration during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower and that all of those cannot be within the scope of the present work. However, the writer notes that it is clear that economic drivers were largely calculated into U.S. policy during the time of Eisenhower's presidency. These were characterized by nuclear arms creation and buildup and communist threats arising throughout the globe. Furthermore, the writer concludes that the proximity of Cuba and the association with communist forces played a great role in the decision-making process in Washington.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
American Interests in Cuba Defined
The Background of Dwight D. Eisenhower
The Background of Fidel Castro
Economic Reasons Castro Gained Support in the Revolt
American Policy Toward Cuba - Assistance to Batista
Fidel Castro's Revolt Ousts Batista
Bilateral Attack Launched on Castro by the U.S.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Analysis and Discussion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Eisenhower's form of leadership was one that delegated responsibility, appearing as though he was not making key decisions and working only behind the scenes. The Domestic Policy of Eisenhower one a middle of the road policy balancing the freedom of the individual with the needs demanded in consideration of the whole nation as well. Eisenhower did not believe in intervention on a federal level of economic or social aspects and stressed the balancing of the budget. During the Eisenhower administration the welfare state experienced growth and social security was provisioned to 10 million more than previously and minimum wage was raised as well. The Department of Health, Education and Welfare was created and the polio vaccine was distributed. During the Eisenhower administration the highway system came into being along with the Interstate Highway and Defense System Act of 1956 with 42,000 miles of interstate funded through fuel and vehicle taxes. Job growth was stimulated as the trucking and automobile industries fought for laws and up sprang the fast food and motel industries which accelerated the growth of suburbs and a homogeneous national culture simultaneously. It was the fear of Eisenhower that defense spending of massive proportions would result in an unstable economy and development of a military industrial complex."
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Al-Qaeda, 2006.
A look at the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization.
824 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses Al-Qaeda, the terror organization that has turned the world upside down. The paper reports that according to the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), al-Qaeda "seeks to rid Muslim countries of what it sees as the profane influence of the West and replace their governments with fundamentalist Islamic regimes."
From the Paper
"In addition to some structural changes to the federal government, the Bush administration also initiated landmark counter-terrorist legislation the most significant of which is the USA PATRIOT Act. The Patriot Act basically extends the powers of the federal government over searches, seizures, and surveillance of citizens and organizations. Although the Patriot Act provisions were designed to target home-grown terrorists, terrorist organizations, cells, and aid groups, its scope is relatively broad. Law enforcement can invoke the Patriot Act without having to first prove any direct connection between a suspect and al-Qaeda or any other terrorist group. The Patriot Act permits the government to freeze the assets of suspect organizations, too."
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International Trade, 2007.
An analysis of current international trade patterns and government methods used to promote and restrict trade.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses international trade patterns and trends, specifically the relationship between trade and world output. It also discusses the methods governments use to promote and restrict international trade. The paper then discusses the consequences of the nations of the world cutting off trade with one another. It gives examples of what the repercussions would be in the United States and in Japan.
Table of Contents:
Trade and World Output
Patterns of International Trade
Cutting off all Trade
From the Paper
"Island nations would be most hard-hit by a cessation of trade however. Japan, for example, although it has one of the world's most developed agricultural sectors, is land-poor. Japan has little farmable land compared to its high population. It cannot grow enough wheat, soybeans, or other major crops to feed all its citizens and has one of the lowest rates of food self-sufficiency of all industrialized countries. ("Economy and Industry," 2006, Explore Japan) It must import a high percentage of its food from abroad, and food is already prohibitively expensive in Japan. Japan also must import a large percentage of its energy resources, and were these resources not available from abroad, its manufacturing sector would be substantially curtailed unless other methods of production using sources of power such as electricity or solar power could be deployed to fuel the industry, as Japan does not even have access to much untapped fossil fuel."
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Darfur Genocide, 2007.
This paper focuses on the genocide in Darfur and the international community's ineffective intervention.
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a chronological description of the events in Darfur and considers the factors that prevented post-genocide interventions and actions. The paper also explores whether the local government can be held responsible in terms of the Genocide Convention. The paper shows how while there has been worldwide outrage and condemnation, very little has been done in concrete terms to hold perpetrators accountable. The paper addresses the question of whether something can be done to change the current tendency to ignore genocide when it occurs.
From the Paper
"The Darfur genocide has a history of significant length that begins with several separate conflicts. The first of these is the conflict between the national government based in Khartoum and two rebel groups in Darfur, known as the Sudan Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality Movement. At the basis of this conflict was what the rebels saw as political and economic marginalization. After a major rebel attack on a Khartoum military airfield, Khartoum's intention was to eradicate the rebels. Instead citizens were in the way and mass violence followed (Straus: 125)."
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Japanese Strategy at Pearl Harbor, 2006.
An in-depth look at Japan during World War II.
2,053 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Japan 1941-1945 and the acts of belligerence that the nation displayed including the attack on Pearl Harbor. The paper examines the strategy behind the bombing of Hiroshima. The paper further examines the fact that had Japan remained more patient she would not have had to engage in a war or wake the American sleeping giant with an unprovoked attack.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Why They Did It
How the Bomb Changed Japan's Strategic Thinking
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second thing that American leaders were conscious of was the fact that America still had not made an earth shattering impression to the world about what would happen if any nation ever again thought it could attack on American soil. "
"With the information and belief that Japan was readying to surrender the war American leaders had to move quickly or the window of opportunity would be forever lost. If a bomb was dropped following a surrender America would simply look like a bully, not a defensive action nation."
"The decision to drop the bomb also brought a discussion that it would most likely prolong the war as Japan answered the attack by America, however, the real reaction instead was a surprisingly quick and peaceful surrender shortly after the bombs hit their targets."
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India-U.S. Relations, 2007.
Discussion of the developing political and economic relationship between the United States and India.
2,693 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 21 sources, APA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the historic relationship between the United States and India, from its fragile beginnings to the current strengthening of ties. Several issues are addressed that have contributed to the relationship between the two nations. These include the Cold War, economic cooperation between the US and India, and India's security issues. The author believes that India and the United States are still in the early stages of what will hopefully be a strong and prosperous friendship. The writer concludes that decades of mistrust and friction must be resolved if relations are to fully flourish.
Outline
A History of Wariness
Economic Cooperation Between the US and India
Security Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States was frustrated by its inability to win influence in this strategic nation that serves as a jumping point to Asia and the Middle East. Even after the Cold War, the United States' relationship with India remained rocky over issues such as nuclear proliferation, India's conflict with Pakistan, and high trade tariffs. However, a new era seems to be dawning in U.S-Indian relations. Both sides have begun to look past historically divisive issues and to focus on natural synergies between the nations, particularly in the area of economic cooperation. Despite growing economic ties between the nations and increased understanding over India's nuclear status, significant issues still remain in the development of a solid partnership between India and the United States."
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Mediation, 2006.
A look at the function of mediation.
2,146 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses mediation. According to the paper, mediation is the process in which a third-party neutral, called the mediator, acts as a facilitator to assist in resolving a dispute between two or more parties. The paper discusses the types of mediation, the situations in which mediation is a suitable option, and outlines the advantages and disadvantages and this function.
Outline:
Types of Mediation
Areas in Which Mediation can be Applied
Advantages of Mediation
Disadvantages
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The mediation process can be applied to resolve almost any type of dispute of a collective or individual nature. The process of mediation has for long been recognized in international law and is used for resolving political, economic, or trade related disputes among different countries. The Charter of the United Nations, for example, requires all members to submit disputes to mediation on recommendation of the Security Council. Even before the establishment of the UN, there had been a number of notable mediation efforts internationally. The United States served as mediator between Bolivia and Chile (1882) and the US President Theodore Roosevelt successfully mediated in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 by brokering a peace agreement between the two countries. The World Trade Organization (WTO) also has important powers to mediate in trade disputes between its member countries."
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A Nuclear North Korea, 2007.
This paper explores why North Korea's potential nuclear capability is so alarming.
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how North Korea vehemently invokes its legitimate right to develop nuclear technology while the US Republican Administration is constantly against any direct and bilateral negotiation talks with the regime until the latter takes visible actions to defuse its nuclear intentions. The paper looks at the lack of unanimity that is justified by the national interests of all those involved. The paper contends that national interests notwithstanding, each country involved in the process of defusing must engage in diplomatic efforts to get back to the negotiation table in order to find proper and peaceful solutions.
From the Paper
"The Cold War left an important legacy for the international political scene to deal with. The matter of nuclear weapons is indeed one of major concern for foreign policy makers around the world. It raises the question between the legitimate right to posses nuclear technology used in peaceful means, as stipulated by the Non Proliferation Treaty and the inherent fear of what this might represent in the volatile framework of the post Cold War era and more recently in the light of the 9/11 events. This dilemma can be seen as summarizing the official arguments made by all sides involved in North Korea's nuclear file."
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Making Poverty History, 2007.
An analysis of the efforts, successes and failures of attempts to alleviate global poverty.
2,497 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 19 sources, MLA, AU$ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and development of programs and movements that have been established by the United Nations and other international groups and non-governmental organizations to attempt to alleviate some of the poverty in Third World countries. The paper discusses the successes and failures of some of these groups and why global poverty is an ongoing issue.
From the Paper
"As part of the attempt to re-focus anti-poverty efforts on people, as opposed to business interests, improvement in education have come to be viewed as critical. Poor quality education, and lack of educational opportunities, are considered major factors in creating the income disparity between citizens of the developing world and their counterparts in the wealthy nations. (Suarez-Orozco & Qin-Hilliard, 2004, p. 62) Nonetheless, even promoting universal primary education can interfere with the profit-making motives of multinationals and global finance. Achieving universal primary education is a double-edged sword. Though highly conducive to future economic development in low-income nations, it is an extremely expensive proposition for the wealthier nations. The World Bank itself revealed in 2002 that the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals of halving poverty would require, not merely enormous financial aid, but also the full cancellation of all debts of impoverished nations. (Buxton, 2004, p. 76)"
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German Reunification, 2007.
An examination of the impact of German reunification on the country and its people today.
7,945 words (approx. 31.8 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 277.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to help the reader understand the current situation in Germany today by providing an overview of the reunification of East and West Germany, the process that led to the reunification, and the opposing political forces that emerged in response. The paper's format is presented in the form of several subject headings followed by discussion and analysis according to the topic. The focus of the paper is the opposition to the reunification, comprised mainly of Great Britain, France, and Poland. The paper begins with the situation in East Germany in the late 80s, covering the Montagsdemonstrationen organized by Christian Fuehrer, heading on to the "Einigungsvertrag" and the integration of the GDR into Western Germany. This is followed by an analysis of the political concerns evinced by France, Poland, and Great Britain. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion: Diplomatic Difficulties during the German Reunification Process
The Political Situation in Germany and the USSR during the Late 1980s
Social Insecurities after Perestroika and Glasnost Fail to Save USSR
USSR is Weakened
Early Stage.
Situation in the GDR
Montagsdemonstrationen in East Germany Occurs, First in Leipzig, Then Entire State
Christian Fuehrer
4 September 1989
Massive Exodus of GDR Inhabitants over Hungarian Border in Summer 1989
Fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989
On the Road to Unity
Helmut Kohl's Ten-Points Plan to Integrate GDR into West Germany
Reunification of October 3, 1990
The British View of German Reunification
Margaret Thatcher's Concerns
Dominance of Germany Economy in Europe
Balance of Power Disturbed
Militarily Too Powerful Germany Could Threaten Regional Stability
The French View of German Reunification
The Polish View of German Reunification
Poland Demanded that Germany Accept the Oder-Neisse Line as the Official Border
When Helmut Kohl Failed to Include this Line in his Ten Points, It Caused Major Worries on both Polish and German Sides
German Development Following Reunification.
Breakdown of GDR Economy
Obsolete East German Companies were Unable to Compete in a Free Market
Production Costs Too High Due to Too Many Employees
Major Consumer of East German Products, USSR, had Collapsed
Major Change 1:1 for Ostmark to Deutschmark
Exodus
Money Spent on Reunification
Depending on Source, Costs Estimated at 250 Million to 1.5 Billion DM
Temporary State Deficit in Germany was 1.4 Billion DM
Germany Today
The Wall in the Head
The Perspective of the Victim
The Perspective of Accountability
Table 1 - Imports and Exports
Table 2 - GDR Trade with West Germany, 1961-1976 (in millions of Deutsche marks).
From the Paper
". It happened so quickly that many observers were taken by surprise. The events that ultimately led to the collapse of the former Soviet Union were characterized by half-measures and false starts that created the conditions needed to fuel further social unrest and political discord. According to Niven and Thomaneck, the fact that former GDR leader Erich Honecker's attempt at political crisis management and linguistic "democracy" propaganda had failed became clear in the autumn of 1989, when the working people of Germany reminded him: "We are the people." These authors report that, "Whereas the Polish free trade union Solidarity movement did not in any noticeable way capture the mood of the working people in the GDR, the policy shifts announced by Mikhail Gorbachev after his appointment as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985 triggered a new political discourse in East Germany" (57). At the time, Gorbachev recognized that the system of "actually existing socialism" simply could not endure in its existing form, either in the Soviet Union or in the Eastern bloc as a whole (Niven & Thomaneck 57)."
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World Systems Theory, 2006.
A discussion regarding the evolution of the world system theory and its application to today's international environment.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the world system theory, a sociological approach to international economic and political relations that seeks to explain the world dynamics of the capitalist economy as a total system. According to the paper, the world-system theory evolved as a relatively recent response to global capitalism. The paper goes on to review Immanuel Wallerstein's 'The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century'.
From the Paper
"Core states were the primary beneficiaries of the new economic system. During the first period of the evolution of this multifaceted hierarchy of states, "much of northwestern Europe (England, France, Holland) developed as the first core region," because of these states' strong central governments, extensive bureaucracies, and large and powerful armies. (Halsall, 1997) Their level of armament enabled these states to obtain control over international commerce. Today, the parallels with these original core states are rather obvious--that of the United States most predominantly, Japan, the United Kingdom, and other powerful modern industrialized nations such as the European Community. While it is true that having a large standing army is not a feature of Japan, and the European Community is an economic conglomerate rather than a nation state, Wallerstien's theory is still quite applicable. Features of his systems theory may change, and military might may be relatively less important than economic infrastructures in the modern world, but the division of the world's states into a kind of international feudal hierarchy remains constant."
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