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Canadian Bush Pilots and Air Medical Services, 2008.
A discussion of bush pilots and the advent of air medical services in Canada.
2,290 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the rise of air medical and evacuation services in northern and remote areas of Canada after the 1920s, noting the continuing need for air ambulance services for Canadians living beyond road or rail networks. The paper points out that a great array of popular history material has been published in the last thirty years or so attesting to the romantic lives of bush pilots who indeed were often self-styled persons to occupy their own boundless milieu. The paper adds that a study of the many female bush pilots provides an intriguing aside on the women's history emphasis of the last decades that can lend an impression of women's domesticity that was by no means general. The paper concludes that, today, bush pilots retain their particular glamour, being well-equipped and trained with every benefit of modern communications and navigation, and still risking unusual, even ridiculous situations.
Outline:
Introduction
A Twentieth-Century Progression
Medical Services in Northern Canada
Saskatchewan
Training of Pilots and Medical Staff
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"With socialized medicine as a federal Canadian addition, outpost infirmaries and hospitals were incorporated into local communities but some memoirs refer to occasional doctors who carried on in remote service, radioing instructions to particular flying companies or pilots; instructions arrived via Royal Canadian Air Force stations, too, in a continuing range of services that has by no means subsided with the advent of tele-medicine. Nursing were sometimes found in contract posts who might be better described today as physician's assistants in their obstetrical and orthopedic skills, not a few of them turning to surgery where there was no doctor and air evacuation impossible in time to save lives. (Larmour 1988) The international profession of nursing took considerable interest in the post-World War II decades in what Canadian provinces and territories were beginning to pioneer in nursing stations, infirmaries, public information on when to bring patients to radio dispatch centres and all else done and learned by practitioners in the course of northern or Arctic service. (Waller 1964, King 1968, Smith 1972)"
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Creating the History of the Mexican Revolution, 2008.
A discussion and review of Benjamin Thomas' book "La Revolucion: Mexico's Great Revolution as Memory, Myth & History".
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Benjamin Thomas' book "La Revolucion: Mexico's Great Revolution as Memory, Myth & History", which contends that the revolution which Mexico celebrates is a deliberate creation, something often going beyond actual events. The paper points out that, according to Thomas, although the story of the revolution is partly based on fact, the nation created its own past through retelling its history. To conclude, the paper praises Thomas' work as a valuable book beause it is not merely on history, but on how history is created.
From the Paper
"Thomas notes that Carranza was more adept at seizing power than wielding it. He alienated the Zapatistas by murdering their leader. He allowed only limited land redistribution, the key demand of the country's poor. (Thomas 33-34) He claimed to be carrying out Madero's revolution, but Villa and Zapata both denounced him as a traitor to Madero's memory (Thomas 53), and he consolidated power relentlessly in the "War of the Winners" of 1915. (Thomas 26) He successfully created a story of la Revolucion glorifying his own role by drawing on strong support among the intellectual, social, and political elites of Mexico City. (Thomas, 52-54, 57, 60-69) By crushing his rivals, he won the right to create the story of his triumph."
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The Hundred Flowers Campaign, 2008.
This paper explores the true motivations behind Mao's Hundred Flowers Campaign (1956 - 1957) in the Republic of China.
1,895 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Hundred Flowers Campaign in the Republic of China and argues that, although the purported motivations were to strengthen socialism by encouraging criticism, the real motivation was to strengthen Mao's position by finding out who his enemies were, and eliminating them. The paper then shows how Mao achieved several political goals with his ruthless, clever scheme which he utilized to maintain his power.
From the Paper
"The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1956 - 1957) was a very atypical incident in the history of the Republic of China. On the surface, it was framed as an attempt by the rulers of the country, especially Mao Zedong, to facilitate free communication of dissenting ideas and criticism of the ruling Communist Party (CP). Clearly this was atypical, in that the CP prior to 1956, and subsequent to 1957, has been notoriously intolerant of criticism. The incongruity of this has prompted many to question Mao's sincerity. Was the Hundred Flowers Campaign a sincere attempt to enable the people to have a say in the running of the CP and the direction of socialism, or was it a cynical ruse to expose dissidents?"
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Otto Von Bismarck and the Unification of Germany, 2008.
An analysis of the role of Otto Von Bismarck in the unification of Germany, particularly looking at the Second War of Schleswig, the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War.
2,153 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the processes by which Otto Von Bismarck engineered the unification of Germany between 1854 and 1885. It argues that Bismarck used three wars as the key stages in this process: the Second War of Schleswig, the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War. The paper also discusses the central role that Bismarck played in these conflicts, even where he did not actually initiate them.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Bismarck's Rise: The Plan Take Shape
The Second War of Schleswig and the Austro-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War and German Unification
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the most fascinating aspects of the Second War of Schleswig was how Bismarck embarked upon the conflict against the opposition of most other German states, as expressed in the Diet's refusal to give Prussia a loan for the war. It was due to this deficiency that Bismarck entered into an alliance with Austria (Stern 40). In this analysis, this war is particularly significant as we can see in it a concrete example of how deftly Bismarck was pursuing his plan for Prussian dominance of Germany. From the perspective of the other German states, one historian notes, "their less flexible minds could never grasp that Bismarck harbored several alternatives, hoping to realize the most desirable one that political conditions would allow" (Stern 40)."
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Dalton McGuinty, 2008.
A discussion of Dalton McGuinty, premier of Ontario, and his policy.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the position that the premier of Ontario, Dalton McGuinty, holds in the political fabric of Ontario as well as within the national political structure. The paper points out that McGuinty has been premier since 2003 and is largely considered to be a moderate fiscal conservative, although he is a political liberal in most other respects. It holds that one of his top priorities upon becoming premier was to attract further international investment into the province as a way to spur economic growth. The paper also points out that another chief objective of McGuinty's leadership has been a balanced budget by 2009. Additionally, the paper notes that McGuinty's politically liberal positions include support of abortion rights for women and unequivocal support for same sex couples, which led to the passage of legislation in Ontario that ensured legal status for such couples. Lastly, the paper addresses the McGuinty administration's focus on the "MoveOntario" project, which targeted a $1.2 billion investment in provincial transportation infrastructure.
Outline:
Overview
Provincial Jurisdiction
Responsibilities Outcome
Municipal Amalgamation
From the Paper
"The concept of provincial jurisdiction in Ontario was considerably undermined by the Harris Tory government that preceded McGuinty's government. The Tory government began passing in the mid and late 1990s a series of laws which removed substantial powers of jurisdiction from the local municipalities and placed them largely within the jurisprudence of provincial control. Provincial jurisdiction over municipalities was first undermined by the Schedule M within the Savings and Restructuring Act in 1997 which gave the province's minister of municipal affairs the authority to designate a commissioner who could actually restructure municipalities if they could not agree to boundaries or other issues among themselves. This law removed the entire process of municipal compromise from the municipalities themselves and awarded it to the provincial authorities."
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Herodotus and Greek Historiography, 2008.
A discussion of historical record and the ancient Greek historiographer Herodotus.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the origin of history as a form of writing and a discipline beginning with the Greeks. The paper points out that, before the first Greek historical writers, stories of great battles and historical events were certainly told, often in fanciful form, in the historical epics attributed to Homer. History was told as part of an oral tradition, not written down until long after the epic poems were shaped and told by the poet and those who followed him. The paper focuses particularly on Herodotus, considered to be one of the first to record western history in writing. The paper concludes by asserting that his writings had much influence on his successors.
From the Paper
"Herodotus has been called the father of history, and Thucydides would follow his lead. In the Greek world into which Herodotus was born, prose writing was becoming more and more common for technical works on such subjects as philosophy, law and politics, and science and technology. The Greeks were interested in their past, but what passed for history was really a stock of myths and legends which were thought to be true. The interest was not historical in the sense we use the term, as an inquiry into the facts of such events as the Trojan War or any other occurrence or period. It was something quite different from that, a form of Hellenic or regional consciousness and pride and a search for community solidarity. The past could reinforce these social elements, and the old tales could in fact be revised when needed by new historical developments or political and social changes."
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Irish Settlement in the United States and Canada, 2008.
A comparison of the historical nature of Irish migrant settlement in the United States and Canada.
2,322 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and compares Irish migrant settlement in the United States and Canada in the nineteenth century. It looks at the traditional historical models for these respective settlements and suggests that they have tended to emphasize the urban nature of the American settlement and the rural nature of the Canadian one. The paper concludes, however, that the settlement patterns of the Irish immigrants are far more complex than these models suggest. The paper then analyzes and discusses these points.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Historical Tradition
Historical Debate and Dissent
The Value of Comparative Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In this comparative analysis of the settlement patterns of Irish immigrants in Canada and the United States, we have seen the importance of a detailed understanding of the historical debate. In both countries, it seems that the settlement patterns of the Irish immigrants followed precedents established by existing immigrant populations as the Irish settlement patterns and living conditions mirrored the often rural communities in which they settled. Thus, as historians agree, it is very difficult to generalize for Irish Canadians as a whole in this regard. Given that the United States was more urbanized than Canada, the Irish immigrants in this environment were likewise more urbanized, but not more so than other immigrant groups at this time. Indeed, their settlement patterns and living conditions - often hard, and working class, in the poorer areas of cities - seemed to mirror that of other immigrants in the United States in a similar way to the Irish immigrants' settlement patterns in Canada reflecting the communities in which they lived."
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Success of Nazi Propaganda, 2008.
This paper discusses why the Nazi party was so successful in using propaganda to attract the support of Germans.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the success of Nazi propaganda and argues that this shocking reality can be explained by four factors that came together to make a deadly poisonous brew. First, the writer notes that the fact that the Germans were so defeated in every sense in the 1930s laid the foundation. Secondly, the writer points out that there was the modern technology for mass communication which the Nazis used to spread their propaganda. Third, there was the Nazi's unusually skillful use of this technology. Finally, the writer notes that there was the German peoples' philosophy or psyche, which made them vulnerable to the Nazis. The writer concludes that these four factors combined to make it possible for the Nazi party's propaganda machine to win over the Germans.
From the Paper
"The first thing to consider is the state of Germany at the time of the Nazi ascent, in the early 1930s. Germany had been the aggressor in the First World War, and after its defeat the victorious nations had punished it, and also attempted to subdue it, by bringing it to its knees militarily and financially. The harshly punitive terms of the Treaty of Versailles made German economic recovery impossible, and sowed the seeds of anger and resentment that would make the Germans a vulnerable target for Nazi propaganda. The economic woes of the Weimar republic were compounded by the effects of the Great Depression. This began in 1929 and affected many European nations, resulting in the rise of several totalitarian movements. Of these, the Nazi party had the easiest task in winning over converts, due to the vulnerability of the Germans. With their backs up against the wall, unable to make a living, many Germans were easy targets for a charismatic leader who promised to save them from their overwhelming woes."
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Crossword Puzzles, 2008.
This paper examines the nearly 100 year old history and popularity of the crossword puzzle.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that crossword puzzles can be found in almost every newspaper in almost every country and in magazines and book dedicated solely to these puzzles. The author points out that crossword puzzles have inspired other gridded word games, like acrostic, cryptic and diagram-less puzzles, and board games, such as Scrabble. The paper relates that the predecessors of today's crossword puzzles is the 19th century British acrostic puzzle designed specifically for children, such as "Lewis Carroll's doublet puzzle". The author relates that the first known word square, called the Sator Square, was carved in stone and dates from the first century A.D. in Pompeii. The paper concludes that, although crossword puzzles provide a form of constructive entertainment during leisure hours, some people claim that puzzle solving is a human instinct.
From the Paper
"Puzzles have been around since the beginning of history. "One of the earliest surviving manuscripts of human civilization is, as a matter of fact, a collection of mathematical puzzles", known as the Rhind Papyrus. In the ancient world, the first puzzles were in physical form, or labyrinths. According to Denasi (2002), "the biblical kings Solomon and Hiram were renewed for organizing riddle contests." The word 'puzzle' probably derives from the Middle English word poselet, meaning bewildered or confused. The crossword is the most common variety of word puzzle in the world, yet it is one of the few types of puzzles that do not have an ancient origin."
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The American Revolutions, 2008.
An argument that the American Revolution was essentially several smaller revolts for political, social and religious freedom.
936 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the American Revolution was a combination of multiple revolutions, in the sense that it was a revolt for the liberation of political, social and religious discrimination and inequality. The paper discusses how the need to create a new utopia was the primary concern for many of those in the New World and they were prepared to fight for their rights.
From the Paper
"The American Revolution will always be known as a distinct uprising against one of the largest superpowers in the world. While the advent of the New World exploration provided a great deal of opportunity for all European powers, it was also a representation for a new beginning. The French, English and Spanish juggernauts battled fiercely for North American domination, and in the end the victor subsequently became the losing side of an extreme backlash towards an existing political system. Many books perceive this aspect of history as a patterned decline in the influence of a superpower. However, it is important to note that the American Revolution was unique in the sense that it was a colonized revolt of non-native or indigenous peoples."
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The Collapse of the Soviet Union, 2008.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the collapse of the Soviet Union and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's efforts to stem the collapse.
2,141 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the main causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union, focusing on the role of the United States in its collapse. The paper looks at the final phase of collapse in the 1980s when Leonid Brezhnev died and the other factors that impacted the collapse at that time. The paper also discusses the efforts of Gorbachev to try to stem the collapse of the Soviet Union and how his efforts failed.
From the Paper
"Gorbachev realized that perestroika was bold and risky and that only time would determine its ultimate success or failure. Like Lenin, Gorbachev believed that, "sometimes you have to retreat, and then advance." But he ran out of time, in part because the new openness in the Soviet press under glasnost revealed to the Soviet people for the first time that conditions across the entire Soviet Union were shockingly bad.
"Ever since the days of Lenin, the average Soviet citizen knew that economic conditions were bad in their own village, city, or region, but the communist-controlled media prevented them from knowing that conditions were just as bad everywhere else if not even worse. Glasnost confirmed this harsh reality beyond any doubt, and created a political environment across the Soviet Union in which people were not going to tolerate communism much longer."
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The Abbasid and Ottoman Empires, 2008.
This paper discusses the Abbasid and Ottoman empires, as possible examples of Islamic imperialism.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Abbasid and Ottoman empires made use of the glorification of Islam. The author points out that these empires attempted a standardization of language, brokered different relationships with non-Muslims, saw extensive economic growth and continued expansion of the arts, letters and cultural attainment. The paper relates that both the Abbasid and Ottoman empires had the emotive symbols of their respective capitals as political, commercial and spiritual centers. The author underscores that both empires made errors in over-expansion, failure to consistently respect minorities and the use of force. The paper concludes that the result was forever fragmentation when faced by external pressures and the risk of oppressing constituent groups, which tends to affect all empires in the end.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Political Control and the Abbasid Empire
Economic and Social Affairs
Symptoms of Decline
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The decline of the Abbasids owed in good measure to the way in which the Shii community had been treated since the beginning. Anti-Caliphal sentiment understandably continued as much the Sunni ulama worked to crate the impression of Muslim unity by way of strong self definition and standardization of law, language, religious practice and political rationales. By the 13th century, the Abbasid Empire was a fragmented collection of states and territories ruled by military commanders. Of course, the Ottoman Empire would also over-expand, its different oppressive campaigns and government by military force creating quiet enemies."
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Existentialism in the Films of Akira Kurosawa, 2008.
A critical analysis of the dilemmas of identity that are portrayed within the two films, "High and Low" and "Ikiru," directed by Akira Kurosawa.
1,344 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This film study analyzes the existentialism that arises within the social and individual conflicts that are found within the films "High and Low" and "Ikiru," directed by Akira Kurosawa. It analyzes the characters and their relation to the plot of these two films and thereby leads us to understand the dilemma of identity (society versus the individual) that surfaces in these existential films of the 50s and 60s.
From the Paper
"This type of filmmaking is reenacting the sense of loss that the Japanese suffered after World War II, which embody a sense of rebirth for Watanabe. Kurosawa sought to bring these social issues to the forefront of filmmaking, since it offered a new way to expose the social and individual problems that the Japanese faced in their culture. By understanding Watanabe's individuality, the premise of existential freedom becomes the premise of Kurosawa's desire to liberate the self from societal norms. This is how existential philosophy plays a key role in Kurosawa's films, as he explores how it is not society that dictates social norms; it is the individual actions of insightful and brave individuals that redefine Japanese culture."
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The Transformation to Capitalism in Society, 2008.
An analysis of the transformation of the market in society with particular reference to the arguments of Karl Polanyi in "The Great Transformation: Origins of Our Time."
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the issue of the transformation to capitalism in society from two viewpoints: that social relations have historically taken precedence over markets and that markets have always existed regardless of social relations. It argues that Karl Polanyi's argument in "The Great Transformation: Origins of Our Time," with regard to the rise of market economies is probably overstated and that it is likely that markets have existed throughout human history. The paper illustrates that this condition has fostered discontent and inequality throughout history and has been destructive to the human spirit.
From the Paper
"This optimistic view of the market economy is not shared by everyone. While Steinbeck was writing about an exceptional period of economic collapse - the Depression of the 1930s - Douglas Coupland's creative writing about our contemporary period of economic expansion reveals a strikingly similar discontent. In Coupland, as in Steinbeck, there is a sense of the market economy as something both alien to humanity and destructive of our humanity. Coupland asserts that "Marketing is . . . theft, and no one ever feels good about stealing" (Coupland 27). Of course, one may dispute the latter point (see Homer, as referenced by Silver above), while agreeing with the former. Coupland's protagonist has a breakdown due to his inability to cope with his life as a unit of economic production."
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The American Revolution, 2008.
An argument that the American Revolution was essentially a series of revolutions.
937 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the American Revolution was not one moment in time that outlined the rest of history, but was rather multiple events that greatly effected the rise of revolution and the eventual overthrow of the British monarchy. The paper examines Paul S. Boyer's book, "The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People" that outlines the history of the New World, breaking down its lifespan in two parts. The paper then shows how the American Revolution was a series of revolts on social, economical and political fronts.
From the Paper
"Boyer's book, The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, outlines the history of the New World, breaking down its lifespan in two parts. The first part deals with discovery and early colonization and the second part describes the events from the Reconstruction period to the growing tension that led to the Civil War. As noted by the author, there are multiple elements in the development of the New World as the new 'utopia'. North America provided what many European discoverers were seeking in the Middle East: An abundance of land and rich resources. Subsequently, the battle for power between the British, French and Spanish set the tone for decades to come, as various European cultures began to colonize the eastern part of North America."
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Clive and the East India Company, 2008.
A discussion of Sir Robert Clive's impact upon India and the East India Company.
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the towering personality of eighteenth-century East India Company Commander Robert Clive and how his forceful personality -combined with questionable ethics - established the East India Company as the de facto ruler of North-East India. The paper also shows how Clive undermined the legitimacy of the regional Nawabs while transforming Indian society in ways that created anger and resentment among Indians. The paper then looks at how the Chinese managed to secure a degree of autonomy in contrast to the Indians.
From the Paper
"The beginning of the East India Company's century of political domination in the "crown jewel" of the British Empire dates back to the 1750s - at least according to historian Philip Lawson. Specifically, shortly after securing the corporate presidency, Robert Clive was called upon to respond to an emergency in Bengal involving the capture of Calcutta by the new Nawab, Siraj-ud-Daula. While the matter is actually rather complex, what had essentially happened is that a simmering Mogul rivalry had spilled over into British affairs. Particularly, the Nawab had imprisoned 146 Europeans - of whom 123 died in one evening in a crowded cell. Suffice it to say, the Nawab's actions and the reckless disregard for the safety and security of the Europeans sparked mass revulsion across Europe (most notably in Great Britain) and Clive became one of the two senior commanders of an expeditionary force sent from Madras to re-capture Calcutta and rescue those Europeans who had not perished; the campaign, just as one might expect, was a huge success and marked the high point in Clive's military career."
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