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Cuba's Major Modern Historical Periods, 2008.
An analysis of the three major periods in Cuba's modern history - the colonial period, the republic and Castro's revolution.
745 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the modern history of Cuba. It suggests the country's history can be roughly divided into three periods and it discusses each period. It looks at the colonial period, the republic and Castro's revolution. The paper illustrates, through discussion of these periods, the major historical events and trends that have shaped Cuba's modern history.
Table of Contents:
The Colonial Period
The Republic
Castro's Revolution
From the Paper
"Castro's government made significant changes in Cuba. These included reducing the US's influence in Cuba, forging a closer relationship with the Soviet Union, and taking over British and American businesses in Cuba. The results of these actions included severed diplomatic ties with the United States, the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Cuban missile crisis, and poor foreign relations with the much of the West. Castro's government has been committed to socialism and has instituted many social programs for the benefit of the people. But this commitment has come at the cost of oppression of any who might dissent against Castro's government (Stanley, 2000). Since Castro took power in Cuba, relations with the United States in particular have only progressively worsened until the gap between these two nations seems all but irreconcilable."
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James Madison and Rousseau, 2007.
This paper discusses that, in "Federalist 10", James Madison was responding to Jean Jacques Rousseau's republican model of democracy as presented in "On the Social Contract".
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in "Federalist 10", James Madison sought to ensure that the problems identified by Rousseau would be addressed through constitutional checks and balances and a federal system of government. The author points out that, in response to the political model of Thomas Hobbes, Rousseau argued that power is invested in the will of a united people. The paper relates that Rousseau also believed, when the social bond is shattered and special interests aggressively pursue their own agendas while insisting they are acting in the public good, the general will becomes silenced and covert motives guide citizens and groups. The author continues that Madison contended that the republican form of government embodied in the proposed Constitution was conducive to free debate and allowed the various factions certain to emerge to contend with one another and influence the government.
From the Paper
"Madison arguments were based upon his conviction that political ambition would be checked by rival political ambition, for power would be divided among three separate but equal branches of the federal government, and would be further divided between the federal government and state governments. These arguments reflected Madison's belief that, "there are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects.""
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The Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia, 2008.
This paper examines the rise to power and prominence of Brandenburg-Prussia in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
3,515 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 132.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the broad context within which the elevation of the German-speaking peoples took place. The paper looks at the role the Treaty of Westphalia played in prompting German militarism under the reign of Frederick William I of Brandenburg. The paper explores in detail the policy initiatives and exploits of the three great leaders who turned Brandenburg-Prussia into an aspiring and powerful state: Frederick William I of Brandenburg, Frederick William I of Prussia and Frederick William II of Prussia. The paper argues that all three were driven by a desire to make the country militarily powerful, economically wealthy and with sufficient human resources to allow the fledgling nation to overcome the advantages of its neighbors and rivals.
From the Paper
"In the eighteenth century, the German peoples of Central Europe still lived within what was then the Holy Roman Empire. That is to say, there was still a Habsburg Emperor, there were still electors (albeit only eight after Bavaria and the Palatinate were joined in 1778) and there was still a Diet which met regularly at Ratisbon (Hayes, 342). Nonetheless, a case can be made that the German territories of the eighteenth century were ones in which the Holy Roman Empire became increasingly dispensable in the eyes of the inhabitants. For instance, the ancient Peace of Westphalia dictated that each German state was permitted to freely make war or peace without consulting the emperor - each prince, in fact, was granted sovereign authority (Hayes, 228). Thus, the political bonds which might have previously bound the German areas of continental Europe to the ancient empire of Charlemagne were vastly weakened - if not fatally undermined."
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"Growing Up Palestinian", 2008.
This paper critically reviews Laetitia Bucaille's book "Growing Up Palestinian", which focuses on the complexity of social change among the Palestinian population.
1,115 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper critically analyzes Bucaille's text "Growing Up Palestinian", which explores the social fault lines within Palestinian society. Using Bucaille's book as a basis, the paper argues that these fault lines have not only been exacerbated but, to a great extent, created by the instrumentality of the Israeli occupation; a process that has been reinforced by the inadequacies of the emerging Palestinian governance since the 1990s. The paper shows how these fault lines have not only fragmented Palestinian society, but critically weakened it in the face of a range of challenges over the past decade.
From the Paper
"In her book Growing Up Palestinian, French journalist and academic Laetitia Bucaille describes the impact of the Israeli Occupation, the two Intifadas, and the emerging Palestinian governance structures in the 1990s upon a generation of young Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. Given the nature of her subject, this text cannot truly be considered a general analysis of Palestinian society as a whole. For example, one significant gap in her text is its lack of direct treatment of young Islamists and members of Hamas; an increasingly influential portion of the Palestinian population. This being said, even with the text's focus upon more secular young Palestinians we can understand the complexity of social change among the Palestinian population over the past two decades."
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The Evolution of Ancient Cities, 2008.
This paper studies the history and evolution of the ancient cities of the Mediterranean.
1,076 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the emergence of the ancient cities, where they emerged, and how they evolved in different regions. The paper shows how urban centers have evolved over time in large measure due to man's efforts to exploit the natural world to his advantage. The paper discusses how ancient cities laid the foundation for the modern urban community of today.
From the Paper
"The history of the ancient cities of the Mediterranean - indeed, the history of cities everywhere - is an interesting one. To begin with, cities as we understand the term today began to emerge right around the time of the Neolithic revolution as agricultural surplus became sufficient to support heavily-concentrated populations (Brakman et al., 15). In the Mesopotamian world, it appears as though the first genuine city - Eridu - took root around 4900 B.C. This city, like all the others that the Mesopotamians would construct for themselves, had its own patron god and there is evidence that these urban centers had their own education systems (apparently centrally-planned) in addition to being locations that served as religious loci for the people of pre-Christian Mesopotamia."
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Rome and Hellenistic Civilization, 2008.
This paper argues that Rome was the heir of Hellenistic civilization.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that Roman civilization was a true heir to Hellenistic civilization since it was based on a Roman cultural base that grew and changed by adding elements from other conquered cultures. The paper explains that, although Roman civilization used many Greek elements, it combined them in a uniquely Roman way. The paper therefore shows how Roman culture was not just a pale imitation of the Greek culture.
From the Paper
"To begin this argument it is necessary to define a Hellenistic civilization. In The Western Humanities Roy T. Matthews and Dewitt Platt argue that Hellenistic relates to, "...the time period from about 323 to 31 B.C., when Greek and oriental or Middle Eastern cultures and institutions intermingled to create a heterogeneous and cosmopolitan civilization.""
"This definition would seem to indicate that Rome was not a
Hellenistic civilization because it does not fit the time frame. However, Rome was located in the right geographic area and due to its expansion and absorption of conquered peoples had a heterogeneous and cosmopolitan civilization. This would seem to indicate that Rome was an heir to Hellenistic civilization even though it does not fit into the definition of Matthews and Platt."
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Untouchables, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between Hinduism and the caste system in India.
1,234 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the system of Untouchables within the context of Eastern religions and Indian society. It discusses the tradition of the caste system in India. The paper also discusses what connection, if any, there is between the caste system and the Untouchables, and Hinduism. It concludes that the Untouchables are not a Hindu concept, but are rather based on Indian tradition and culture.
From the Paper
"While it seems fair to conclude that the system of discriminating against a caste of people known as the Untouchables persists in India to this day, and that this results in systemic discrimination against millions of people, it also seems fair to conclude that the blame should not be laid at the door of Hinduism. After all, many academics agree that it is a system which has arisen out of historical factors, and that it manifests primarily in economic, social and political outcomes. Therefore, while it is fair to see the system as problematic, it is not fair to therefore see Hinduism as some kind of "primitive" religion. On the contrary, great Hindus such as Gandhi have spoken out against the system. It is also unfair to look down on India as a whole because of this system. After all, most social systems retain some kind of discrimination based on historical factors. For example, women are still discriminated against in Western society to this day - and worldwide, there are still pitifully few female leaders of countries. Thus, we might simply conclude that the Untouchable system is simply one more manifestation of the reality that all human societies so far have failed to achieve equality."
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Germany and the Holocaust, 2008.
This paper examines two analyses of the history of European Jews, "The War Against the Jews" by Lucy S. Dawidowicz and "The Destruction of the European Jews" by Raul Hilberg.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Lucy S. Dawidowicz's and Raul Hilberg's analyses of the history of European Jews. The paper discusses how both authors describe the nature of the process of the annihilation of the Jew and the way Germany was organized to carry it out, but Dawidowicz focuses more on the victims and how they reacted and what happened to them, while Hilberg focuses more on the machinery of death and on the lack of morality of so many functionaries and workers who assisted in the process.
From the Paper
"Much of the Holocaust was indeed carried out by career civil servants, military personnel, and others in the private sector. The Holocaust itself thus became routinized so that it was carried on as if it were any other government activity. Two reasons given for the participation of ordinary men and women include obedience to authority, and the modern era's pursuit of specialization so that people could perform their part without knowing what the whole entailed, or without admitting what the whole entailed. It may be impossible to determine one reason why the many man involved committed the acts they did, for any general explanation is certain to be applicable only to a percentage of the whole. One force that we can see as operating in this case is the conditioning of society so that people respect and defer to authority. In this case, the society itself had a certain tradition of racism which affected these men and women and determined what they were being asked to do."
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The Foreign Policy of France, 2008.
An analysis of French foreign policy over the past ten years and a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years.
1,828 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper is written from the perspective of a senior analyst in the National Interests and Foreign Policies Group. It provides a foreign policy analysis and evaluation which focuses on French foreign policy over the past ten years. It also provides a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years. The paper examines the attitudes of other member countries and international organizations towards French foreign policy.
From the Paper
"Because of deteriorating relations between the United States and Muslim governments throughout the Middle East, France and other European powers such as Germany and Russia are recognizing that they must demonstrate leadership in the international community and make every effort to pursue diplomatic solutions. According to my analysis, Democratic control of the U. S. Congress, and recent calls by American leaders for a diplomacy and political solutions are providing France with an opportunity to take the initiative and play a leading international role in brokering peace agreements between Israel and the Palestinians, and some form of ceasefire in Iraq."
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Film: "Judgment at Nuremberg", 2007.
This paper argues the broader implications of Stanley Kramer's 1961 film "Judgment at Nuremberg" not only in the context of its original release at the height of the Cold War but also in the milieu of the 21st century War on Terror.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that "Judgment at Nuremberg" is remarkable for its willingness to consider the collective guilt of the German people and, even more troubling, of people from other countries. The author points out that the power of this film lies in the complexity with which it represents such issues as responsibility, accountability and guilt in the context of a Hollywood social problem film and within the conventions of courtroom drama. The paper concludes that the film also reflected the events of the early 1960s, at the time "Judgment at Nuremberg" was made, which included the trial of Eichmann in Jerusalem and the enduring injustices in the United States that would become the Civil Rights struggles. The author believes that this film still has implications in the 21st century social, legal and political debates over the treatment of terror suspects in the War on Terror and the extent to which elected representatives should be held accountable.
From the Paper
"From a theatrical perspective, the casting of prominent Hollywood stars on both sides of this question is significant. It can be cynically said, as critic Pauline Kael quoted in her review, that this film is "an All-Star Concentration Camp Drama" given the number of stars involved. However, the casting of such an "heroic" leading man as Burt Lancaster as a prominent German leader can be read as a theatrical "sign" to the audience from the outset of the drama that "judgment" in this film will be more complex than if the Germans were stereotypical villains."
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The Hellenistic Era, 2008.
An analysis of philosophical and religious syncretism in the Hellenistic Era.
1,334 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the syncretistic or homogeneous tenets of Hellenistic religion and philosophy. It looks at how the military expansionism of Alexander the Great's Macedonian armies helped to bring about a greater knowledge of differing belief systems, which allowed greater syncretism between philosophy and religion. It also discusses how, due to the elitist and often exclusionary principles of extremist religious (Pharisees) and philosophical tenets (Aristotle and Plato), the creation of Stoicism and Epicureanism helped unify the divide between these two factions.
From the Paper
"The greater part of the Hellenistic era is derivative from the invasions of Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE) form his native Macedonia. From about 336 BCE, Alexander the Great had conquered much of the Mediterranean and had a massive influence over the way that people thought about religion and about philosophy. Although Alexander was essentially a Macedonian he was far different from the mainland Greeks in his tolerance for other religious ideals. In many ways, he was able to integrate both aspects of religion and philosophy into a more unified system. "
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The Storming of the Bastille, 2008.
An analysis of why the Parisian crowd attacked the Bastille on July 14th, 1789.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
On July 14th 1789, Parisian crowds initiated a new chapter in French history, when they successfully stormed the historic Bastille. France had been governed by a monarchy for centuries - what could have provoked such anger and courage? Was this just a mob of low-class people running amuck? This paper uses historical evidence to show that these were ordinary Parisians, many of them women, who were provoked by unbearable conditions into taking action to try and improve their lot.
From the Paper
"The storming of the Bastille was an important and dramatic event in the unfolding of the French Revolution in the late 18th century. Because of this, it has attracted a lot of interest from historians and government officials. For centuries, these interested parties have believed that the people who stormed the Bastille were merely low criminals, not ordinary, respectable Parisian men and women, such as women who were wives and mothers, and also the primary marketers for their families. For example, records compiled in the 18th century by French police refer to the revolutionary crowds as "the scum of the people." "
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Family Life in Pakistan, 2008.
An analysis of the roles of various members of a Pakistani family and the importance of the family unit.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance and the set up of the family unit in Pakistan. It discusses the role of the biradari within the family and looks at the way that marriages are arranged and celebrated. It then considers the importance of sons within the family unit and describes the treatment of women in Pakistani families in the past and during the present times.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Role of Families in Pakistan
Marriage in Pakistan
Treatment of Women in Pakistan
From the Paper
"The role of the family is important in Pakistan because it is the basic organization in Pakistan. Families often consist of grandparents, parents, siblings, and other relatives who all live in one house with the focus on the male kin or biradari (Pakistan Tradition Kinship 2006). The importance of the family life is seen in how the biradari celebrate different life events including births, deaths, and major holidays. The importance of the biradari cannot be understated because it offers poor family members loans and even provides a dowry for poorer families (Pakistan Traditional Kinship 2006). When parents cannot provide for the family, often the biradari steps in to help different parts of the family. In Pakistan, the elderly are respected and children are considered gifts from God (Family Life 2006). This is especially true of male children. Sons are considered important because they will provide for their mothers, while females are considered a liability and their innocence must be protected (Pakistan Traditional Kinship 2006). When studying the country of Pakistan, it is important to consider the role of marriage and its value to the people."
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The Reconstruction Period, 2008.
This paper critically examines "Major Problems in American History" by Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman and Jon Gjerde, which discusses the Reconstruction period in American history.
706 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a chapter "Reconstruction, 1865-1877," of "Major Problems in American History" edited and arranged by Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman and Jon Gjerde. The paper questions why time was not devoted to presenting materials which might shed light on the curious elevation of Andrew Johnson to power by the Republican Party and by Abraham Lincoln. The paper ultimately calls into question Lincoln's previously unimpeachable political acumen as well as the strategic thinking of the Republican Party when it decided to champion Johnson's political career. The paper concludes that while this chapter is undeniably solid for the most part, it is strangely incomplete and leaves many questions unanswered.
From the Paper
"One of the more startling things about the Reconstruction period is how a man like Andrew Johnson could have become president at such a critical juncture in the nation's history. Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman and Jon Gjerde's chapter entitled, "Reconstruction, 1865-1877," never really addresses this critical issue. The chapter, the first in the aforementioned authors' text, Major Problems in American History, is largely a compendium of documents which offer brief glimpses at how the Reconstruction period impacted African-Americans; the chapter also looks at Johnson's argument against African-American suffrage and at the arguments put forward by Republican Thaddeus Stevens in favor of widespread African-American suffrage - specifically Stevens' contention that the African-American majority needed full suffrage and the political power springing from it so that southern black men and women could protect themselves from harm. Finally, there is a brief passage in which Republican Benjamin Butler outlines why he feels Johnson should be impeached. All in all, the first eight pages of the first chapter touch upon several issues - but never is attention devoted to the matter of why Johnson acted as he did or why the Republican Party allowed him to gain such a position of power at a time when the Presidency was critical to the successful implementation of Reconstruction.
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The National Rifle Association, 2008.
This paper examines the history of the National Rifle Association (NRA), its organization, tactics, principles and record as a lobbying body.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1871, the National Rifle Association (NRA) was organized by two Union army officers, who were upset by the poor marksmanship of their troops during the Civil War, to provide civilians with firearms training and to encourage shooting sports. The author points out that the NRA established a Legislative Affairs Division in 1934 and, forty-one years later, the Institute for Legislative Action to lobby legislators actively. The paper relates that the organization's emphasis upon the utility of guns in protecting law-abiding citizens is a major reason for the NRA's success. The author concludes that, while NRA is often criticized sharply, it deserves credit for its political acumen, for spearheading gun education initiatives and for introducing the "other side" in the gun control debate.
From the Paper
"Not to be overlooked, the NRA is not afraid to play "hard-ball" as its punitive campaign against House Republican Peter P. Smith a number of years ago makes clear; in fact, the NRA - by as early as the late 1980s - was well-known on Capitol Hill for its ambitious mass-mailing programs and for its ability to mobilize its membership (and presumably sympathetic private citizens, as well) to "flood" representatives with letter and mailgrams. In addition to the tactics discussed above, the NRA has become well-known for distributing copies of videotape outlining its position on controversial issues ..."
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"The Coming of the Third Reich" by Richard Evans, 2008.
A review of the book "The Coming of the Third Reich" by Richard Evans.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Richard Evans' book "The Coming of the Third Reich", which is the first installment of a three book series that historically documents the rise of Adolf Hitler's power in post World War I Germany. Thepaper explains how Evans takes special care not to instill any personal prejudices regarding the genocidal actions of the Third Reich, while his findings provide a great deal of insight on the roots of German fascism. The writer points out that the beginning of the book provides a great deal of information on the status of Germany during the reign of Otto von Bismarck. The writer looks at how the German involvement in World War I only perpetuated the delineation of political ideologies even further. The writer explains that Evans believes that the traditions passed down by the German Empire and the economic and political consequences of World War I provided the perfect environment for a military coup or a seizure of power by an authoritarian regime
From the Paper
"The historical context entailing the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany has been documented numerous times. Many native Germans argue that the rise of national socialism and the Third Reich was a fluke, and the severity of its influence was due to the effective Nazi propaganda machine. Modern German politicians and government representatives note that the Third Reich was an anomaly and that historical evidence does not support the idea that Nazism found its roots within German history. However, Adolf Hitler and many Nazi officials have been quoted that the Third Reich was a revival of German values. Hitler borrowed the term "Third Reich" from Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, which translates to the Third Empire. The first empire of note was the Holy Roman Empire established by Charlemagne followed by the German Empire established by Otto von Bismarck."
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