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The Colorado River, 2006.
An analysis of the water lifeline that supports millions of dependent inhabitants and industries in what used to be desert wastelands of the North American continent.
5,530 words (approx. 22.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history of the Colorado River and how it came to be the lifeline for the seven southwestern states that rely upon its water. First deserts are defined, then the deserts of the American southwest are described, followed by a thorough analysis of how the river that runs through these deserts was tamed or even "beaten into submission" to provide sustenance for vast developments of former wastelands. The current status of regulation and control over this resource, as well as considerations for the future are discussed.
From the Paper
"Geologically speaking rivers and deserts have little in common. When a river runs through a desert, however, and becomes the lifeblood of developments that could not have been created without it, then these two geologic phenomena become intimately related. This study will explore the deserts of the southwest and how the Colorado River contributed to cities and enterprises built in these previously barren lands. Also investigated will be the uses to which Colorado River water is put by the seven southwestern states that rely on this lifeline. Of major concern is the importance of this resource to the continued survival of all these consumers of water and the questions of future security and plans for conservation of this most valuable resource."
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Global Warming: Addressing Its Effects, 2005.
This paper discusses current global warming issues.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer describes current global warming issues such as the U.S. refusal to follow the Kyoto agreement. The writer outlines several negative effects of global warming. The writer explains that such effects are related to temperature rises, melting of polar ice caps or to rises in the ocean level. Further, the writer describes steps that can be taken to mitigate the effects of global warming.
From the Paper
At a conference of twenty nations assembled in London, Gordon Brown, Britain's Finance Minister addressed the audience regarding the seriousness of the effects of global warming, saying 'We have sufficient evidence that human-made climate change is the most far-reaching and almost certainly the most threatening of all the environmental changes facing us'. The economic changes predicted by experts such as Mr. Brown as well as changes to weather patterns, human property, human life and the environment have led to ... "
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Limestone in Tennessee, 2005.
This paper describes and discusses limestone rock in Tennessee.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer describes and discusses limestone rock in Tennessee. The writer looks at the location of limestone, its age and nature and the uses to which limestone is put. The writer also discusses other rocks found in Tennessee.
Introduction
Discussion
Location of Limestone in Tennessee
Dating of Tennessee Limestone
Nature of Tennessee Limestone
Uses of Tennessee Limestone
Other Rocks in Tennessee
Summary and Conclusion
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Impact of Global Warming on Phytoplankton, 2004.
This paper looks at the effects of global warming on phytoplankton.
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the deleterious effects that global warming is having on phytoplankton. The writer explains that phytoplankton is the primary foundation of the earth's food chain. This paper examines the various effects that are taking place on phytoplankton. The writer also mentions the difficulty in conveying the importance of this issue to the regular person in the street.
From the Paper
"Trying to rally people to be concerned about global warming is like trying to call out the fire department to put out a fire in a can of sterno. They have no sense of urgency and no concept of the possible consequences, so they refuse to become engaged in the issue. Global warming may indeed be the little fire in the can of sterno, but it is the little fire that precedes full planetary meltdown. If you ignore the initial flame it ... "
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Geology of the Moon, 2004.
A description of the geology of the moon based on samples brought back from the moon.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the geology of the moon as determined by samples brought back from the moon and gravitational and magnetic studies carried out by the Apollo and Lunar Prospector missions. It describes the types of minerals found on the moon, and how the various geologic features were formed.
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Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 2005.
A look at the geology of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the geology of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, a National Park in Michigan. The paper looks at its size, the geological forces that created the dunes and the impact of glacial activity.
From the Paper
"This research reviews the geological characteristics of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore a component of the United States National Park Service "
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Geological Features, 2006.
The study of various geological features including a volcano, a geyser and a coral reef.
2,301 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the most spectacular destinations on Earth. It begins with Mount Hekla, one of Iceland's most famous volcanoes and then moves on to Yellowstone National Park located in Wyoming, home to many geysers. In particular, it looks at Grand geyser one of the largest on Earth. It concludes with the Great Barrier Reef, home to a vast array of marine life and examines how it is a complete ecosystem unto itself.
Outline
Mount Hekla
Last Eruption
Predictions for Future Eruptions
Interesting Facts and Stories
Grand Geyser
The Formation of a Geyser
The Future of Grand Geyser
The Great Barrier Reef
Formation
Predictions of Future Activity
Marine Life and Tourism
From the Paper
"Grand geyser is one of the many geysers that can be found at Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. The most famous geyser located at Yellowstone is Old Faithful, but Grand geyser should not be overlooked. Grand geyser is one of the largest geysers on Earth and has an interval of eight to twelve hours with a height of 150-180 feet and a duration of 10-12 minutes. Grand geyser, like most geysers, is formed from a hot spring with an underground chamber. The future of Grand geyser is really unknown, but it is expected to remain active for many years to come. Yellowstone National Park is a major tourist attraction in Wyoming, thus it draws a large crowd to view the magnificent beauty of Grand geyser. Like most things, there is a danger to the geyser in the form of water contamination."
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Tectonic Plate Movement, 2006.
A look at tectonic plate movement and some of the destruction it can cause.
961 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses tectonic plate movements and how they affect the surface of the earth by causing massive destruction produced by earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis.
From the Paper
"The global ramifications of tectonic plate movement is scrutinized by examining the damaging tectonic activity caused by earthquakes and volcanic eruption as well as the hazards these earthquakes in turn generate, namely volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. The damaging nature of these natural forces cause the world united grief as chilling images of vast wreckage are imbedded in their minds forever. These unstoppable tragedies remind us that we are insignificant in the greater scheme of life and we are still at the mercy of the throes of tectonic plate movement."
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Acid Rain: Causes, Effect and Control, 2006.
This paper examines why acid rain has emerged as one of the most controversial environmental issues of the decade.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the definition of acid rain which is created mainly by man made pollutants invading the air and its disastrous effect on the environment. The writer of this paper details the effects of acid rain on animals, marine life, lakes, streams and forests while stressing the importance of controlling the spread of this environmentally hazardous phenomenon while examining the different methods currently being used to reduce harmful emissions and pollutants. Includes graphs.
From the Paper
"The Ph of rain is dropping because we add tremendous amounts of material to the air. Some of this is in the form of particles and is pulled back to the earth by gravity, but water-soluble gases such as sulfur dioxide mix with the moisture in the atmosphere and return to the Earth as rain or snow. This return to Earth is called "deposition." (Gordon, 2002) The dust particles can leech into the soil, changing the nutrients available in our forests. One source for these extra elements in the air and precipitation is fossil fuels, fuels such as oil and coal. These fuels release significant amounts of both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen, which become part of our rain and snow."
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Global Warming and Rising Ocean Levels, 2005.
A combined research and ethics paper that examines the negative effects of global warming and their contribution to the rising ocean levels.
1,167 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper presents facts about global warming and the effect it has, and will have, on the oceans and the delicate marine life and habitat. The discussion involves the melting of polar caps and the effects resulting from such devastation. The paper examines how warmer temperatures will destroy marine life and concentrates on the delicate coral reef system which is already feeling the effects of the warmer ocean temperatures. The temperature rise and ocean rise are discussed, along with ideas on halting the progression of dangerous toxins contributing to higher climate temperatures.
From the Paper
"As the coral reefs die, so do many other species of fish, crab and several other species. Large increases in the volumes of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are already apparent. At current rates of change, carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere will double by the end of the next century (2100 AD). Calculations indicate that this rate of change in carbon dioxide alone will may result in a warming of between 1.5 and 4.5?C. The most likely effect of sustained global warming will be a melting of the polar ice caps, and a rise in sea level, while on land the deserts will expand."
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High Oil Prices, 2006.
This paper analyzes the reasons for high oil prices in the international oil market and the future of this situation.
3,940 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the oil prices are not only closely linked to the policies and capacity utilization of OPEC but also are a consequence of Iraq war, increasing demand, reduced supply and speculation such as oil futures. The author concludes that oil prices are likely to stay relatively high in the coming years because of capacity constraints due to low investments made in the late 1990s, lack of a healthy investment climate, greater competition among consuming countries to secure flows and geopolitical risks. The paper stresses that the world has to learn to live with the increased prices of oil by (1) improving the investment climate for capacity enhancement in oil-rich countries and (2) reducing oil intensity by means of shifting away from oil to some alternative fuels especially because the oil reserves are not likely to last longer than 40 years. Many figures and charts.
Table of Contents
The Iraq War
Demand
Supply
Speculation
(3) Is the Price-Rise Going to Stay?
Demand Factors
Effects on Global Economy
OECD Countries
Developing Countries
Supply Side Factors
Conclusions
From the Paper
"In August 2004, International Energy Agency reported that world oil demand was increasing faster than any other point in the last 16 years. It attributes the increase in demand due to rapid economic expansion in various countries, particularly China and India in Asia. China was only second largest consumer of petroleum products behind USA. The demand for oil is increasing sharply led by US, China and India, and in absence of corresponding increase in supply, price of oil is bound to rise. In the last decade, the consumption of oil and gas has increased by over 70% in Asia-Pacific Region vis-a-vis 15% in the rest of the world. During 2003-04, China consumed more oil than expected. There was more than 40% increase in the consumption by China over the previous year. Similarly, USA's import increased from 4.22 billion barrels in 2002 to 4.49 barrels in 2003. India's import of oil has increased from 1.1 million barrels per day in 2000 to 1.4 million barrels per day in 2003 (27% increase)."
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Coral Reef Decline, 2004.
An introduction and summary of the nature of coral reef decline in oceans across the world.
1,943 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the importance and value of coral ecosystems and details human-induced threats that are currently affecting corals such as overfishing, direct disturbance, coral bleaching, eutrophication and global climate change. The paper also briefly outlines recommended strategies for managing coral ecosystems in the future. Includes pictures.
From the Paper
"In the world's oceans, coral reef ecosystems contribute to a large portion of the biodiversity of marine life. Besides the living corals themselves, many plants and animals such as fish, algae, bacteria and invertebrates depend on the coral as habitat. Yet in recent years, coral reef ecosystems have declined and changed at alarming rates, leaving scientists trying to decipher the exact workings of these ecosystems and the causes of decline. Some recent suggestions on the factors contributing to reef change are overfishing, disease, large-scale disturbance events, global climate change (namely ozone depletion and global warming), pollution, overharvesting and overpopulation. Global warming in particular has been singled out as the greatest current threat to corals and is considered to play a key role in coral bleaching, an effect which can ultimately lead to mortality of corals. With the marine environment continually changing, coral reefs throughout the world, as well as the diverse array of life they support, are seriously threatened."
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Katrina's Impact on Tourism, 2005.
An analysis of how Hurricane Katrina affected the tourism industry.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the tourism industry should respond to high risk travel destinations. The paper explains how the hurricane season devastated much of the tourism industry in the United States. The paper focuses on Hurricane Katrina which affected tourism in areas outside the Gulf region. The paper explores the economic impact on tourism, its closely tied convention industry and a call for tourism security.
From the Paper
"These stark figures focus on New Orleans, however, Hurricane Katrina's economic impact on tourism reaches far and wide. Mississippi has lost $2.8 billion in travel spending, while Alabama needs to recoup $2 billion in lost tourism revenue. Diane Mosson is the director of Unpackaged Holidays in Birmingham, England has experienced the economic realities on the tourism trade across the Atlantic. Britons visit New Orleans as one of their favorite tourist destinations. She is dismayed by the paralysis of tour bus operations as well as the smaller cruise operations. (Mosson 1)"
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The Dinosaur Debate, 2005.
A look at the evidence for and against both the impact and volcanism theories on the extinction of dinosaurs.
6,456 words (approx. 25.8 pages), 25 sources, MLA, AU$ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to prove why the impact theory is the most plausible reasoning behind the mass extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs and so many other species at the K-T boundary. By looking at the substantial amount of evidence for this theory, it examines how the impact theory as opposed to the volcanic theory is currently the most valid explanation for understanding why so many of the world's plants and animals died out at the end of the Cretaceous period.
Outline
What's in a Theory: The History of Mass Extinction Hypotheses
The K-T Boundary: The Cold, Hard Facts
The Impact Theory
The Volcanism Theory
Which is More Plausible?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the years progressed and theories for mass extinction began to multiply, the concepts of catastrophism and uniformitarianism were born. Catastrophism is, "the doctrine that major changes in the Earth's crust result from catastrophes rather than evolutionary processes" (Catastrophism). In this definition, "catastrophes" include anything that cannot be explained by solid, proven, unwavering geological processes visible on the Earth. A flood of the magnitude recounted in the Bible would mean that the geological process of the water cycle would have to be sped up tremendously. This is a perfect example of catastrophism because at the time in which it was most widely-accepted, it was perfectly acceptable to society that the Flood was a largely disastrous event brought upon the Earth by God, and not a constant geological process such as weathering or volcanic activity."
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Mount St. Helens, 2005.
An examination of the volcano of Mount St. Helens in the state of Washington.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly looks at how residents of the area have coped with having a partially active-volcano in their geographic domain. The paper addresses lifestyle issues, agricultural and ecological issues as well as a short history of the volcano's activity.
From the Paper
"While modern men created the hydrogen bomb, they have it in their power to decide when and where it can explode. But no one man, no corps of scientists or engineers, no politicians, no army of environmentalists, no governments can control the actions of aroused volcanoes. In one destructive flash they can wreak more pollution and devastation than anything man designs. Obviously we must learn to cope with these handsome deadly creations of nature if present and future generations are to live safely and happily alongside the volcanoes in the western United States. Hopefully, Mount St. Helens will teach us how to accomplish this. 8"
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The Destruction of Krakatau, 2005.
An overview of the events surrounding the destruction of the island of Krakatau due to a volcanic eruption in 1883.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The legendary annihilation in 1883 of the volcano-island of Krakatoa in 1883, was followed by an immense tsunami that killed nearly forty thousand people. Beyond the purely physical horrors of an event that has only very recently been properly understood, the eruption changed the world in more ways than could possibly be imagined. This paper discusses the events of that fateful August day and the experiences of some of the people who witnessed this natural disaster. The paper includes a map.
From the Paper
"The effects of the immense waves were felt as far away as France. Barometers in Bogota and Washington, D.C., went haywire. Bodies were washed up in Zanzibar. The sound of the island's destruction was heard in Australia and India and on islands thousands of miles away. Most significant of all---in view of today's new political climate---the eruption helped to trigger in Java a wave of murderous anti-Western militancy among fundamentalist Muslims: one of the first outbreaks of Islamic-inspired killings anywhere."
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