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Affirmative Action, 2005.
This paper argues against the continuation of affirmative action racial preferences policies.
3,005 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, while some people believe that affirmative action is necessary in the United States to ensure equal opportunities for minorities, the real outcome is reverse discrimination and injustice because racial quotas foster racism. The author points out that affirmative action was not supposed to last forever but was intended only to jump-start the machinery of tolerance and reason and then to be removed. The paper relates that affirmative action polices continue because of support (1) from the American politicians who understand that preferences are problematical but still want to be favorably viewed among the general population and (2) from potential grievants and the lawyers who represent them.
From the Paper
"The traditional solution to the problem of racism is colorblindness, or individual awareness. For example, in the job sphere there are only three essential things an employer needs to know about an individual applicant. First, the employer should question whether the applicant has the relevant ability and knowledge or the capacity to learn readily. Second, the employer needs to know whether the person is willing to exert the needed effort. Finally, the applicant should be judged on his character, including traits like honesty and integrity."
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Cultural Diversity, 2006.
An in-depth look at how to teach tolerance where there are cultural differences.
2,965 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 141.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author takes an in-depth look at how and what to teach in terms of tolerance where there are cultural differences in American education establishments. He starts the paper with a look at America as a big place with big problems, a place with a multicultural society, comprising almost all types of people from different cultures. The author stresses that in the field of education a more diverse educational program is needed to ensure that schools should be familiarized with the cultural enrichment of all children via curriculum affirming the preservation and extension of other cultural activities. The paper goes on to suggest ideas and methods for enhancing cultural diversity and tolerance, citing examples. In conclusion the author suggests projects that students can do to learn more about other cultures.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What to Teach
How to Teach
From the Paper
"Help the Students develop a sense of understanding their own ethnic and cultural identities. It is the responsibility of educational institutions to outline and retain this national culture. Parents are supposed to be responsible to educate their children to admire their native cultures, however teachers should educate children to respect all cultures. Schools should be careful and must ensure not to promote a specific culture over other cultures, therefore diminish the student's sense of belonging to the superior or dominating culture. In this regard teachers would introduce the curriculum that would help teachers as well as the students to integrate multicultural education. Some of the points are given below to develop an effective curriculum."
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Davenport, Iowa in the 1800s, 2006.
This paper examines both the historical and geographical structure of Davenport, Iowa, focusing on the 1800s, when the land was inhabited by various Indian tribes.
2,717 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper details the numerous written accounts from travelers who settled down or passed through Davenport Iowa. Account after account tells of the beautiful sloping hills and high bluffs to be seen on the west bank of the river across from Rock Island, Illinois. From these statements, one begins to get a picture of how the area appeared in the early 1800s. The earliest inhabitants were the Indians, who considered the Davenport area a very desirable place. Many tribes settled in the vicinity, including the Illini, soon followed by the Sauk and Fox tribes, of whom Black Hawk was the chief. As the great Mississippi Valley began opening up, more and more people began to travel to this vast region. This paper also examines the political and business side of Davenport. Jonathan W. Parker, a young attorney, was one of the earliest settlers in Davenport. Parker saw Davenport as fertile area which would soon become a thriving, industrious city. Parker's interest and belief in his new home is evidenced in the fact that he became mayor in 1841. This well-researched paper contains numerous historical and geographical facts pertaining to the structure of Davenport, Iowa.
From the Paper
"It is not known who the first white man was to see Iowa, "The beautiful land." Traditionally, and perhaps rightfully so, the honor has been given to two men, Marquette and Joliet. But for our purposes we will begin with one of the earliest accounts that we know for certain to be about the Davenport area. Zebulon M. Pike, a Lieutenant in the 6th U.S. infantry, was commissioned by the army to explore the upper Mississippi. On August 27, 1805, Pike made camp by the Rapids of Riviere de Roche (Rock River Rapids), of which Davenport stands at the foot. Pike made the following entry in his journal, "From this place to Rock River, we generally had beautiful prairies on the west and in some places very rich land, with black walnut and hickory timber." As the great Mississippi Valley began opening up, more and more people began to travel in this vast region."
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Americanization of Italians, 2006.
An assessment of cultural assimilation of Italian Americans, as demonstrated in literature and film.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Americanization of Italian immigrants, as seen in
the novels "All the Nations Under Heaven" by Kenneth Jackson and "The Fortunate Pilgrim" by Mario Puzo and the films "Goodfellas" and "Raging Bull", directed by Martin Scorsese. By analyzing these works, the paper attempts to demonstrate that the immigration of Italians to America caused a dramatic shift in their sense of family values and relationships. The paper explains that the Italian family was once the basis of the collective society within traditional Italian culture, but in America the family dissolved into its respective parts -- i.e. the individuals. The paper goes on to show how these individuals interacted with American ideals and morals to establish a new way of life for their progeny, the American-born Italians.
From the Paper
"Traditional Italian households centered on the family rather than the individual pieces of the family. This type of collective culturalization tended to express gratifying feelings toward the family rather than personal feelings. However, as the immigration process initiated, the family bond began to weaken in Italian culture as the male patriarchs transcended the seas, leaving behind their cherished families. "Unlike Jews, who came largely as families, and the Irish immigration, in which women were in the majority for many years, Italian newcomers were at first mostly young men who often emigrated with the intention of making enough money in America with which to return home and purchase land."(ANUH , 135-136) With the money they received from work, the Italian men would then bring their kin over The Italian males received the first taste of independence that has lingered throughout their lives and led to the dissolving family values system."
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Australian Post-War Immigration, 2006.
A study of historical research regarding post-World War II immigration to Australia.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 37 sources, APA, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and summarizes dozens of research studies about immigrants to Australia in the aftermath of World War II. The paper focuses on the works of social scientists -- primarily sociologists -- regarding the displaced placed persons phenomenon and its impact on Australia. The paper also looks at studies that researched the ability of these DPs to integrate into Australian society -- both at the time and over the long-term. Another study focuses on the corollaries between the DP immigration and later immigration from the Far East and Asia. Finally, the paper looks at research into the Australian governments handling of immigration and immigrant issues.
From the Paper
"Post war immigration is discussed briefly in general histories of Australia such as Crawford, Shaw and Ward. In these surveys, the reasons for Australia new immigration policy are discussed briefly, with some mention of the Displaced Persons Scheme, but in no great detail. The first thorough archival research work on the topic was conducted by Andrew Markus and in 1984 he published two articles in Labour History, the first concentrated on the development of post war immigration policy. Markus argued that prior to World War II, the Australian Labor Party opposed governmentally sponsored immigration plans on the grounds that an increased work force would strengthen the bargaining position of employers. During and immediately following the war, however, Labor endorsed immigration as a means of securing Australia's ability to defend itself and to develop the nation's resources. The second article specifically examined the Displaced Persons Scheme. Markus discussed the origins of the scheme, the reasons for its expansion and government attempts to gain the support of unions , the media and the general public. A feature of Markus's work is his detailed use of the Department of Immigration files. Markus pioneered the use of this important archival resource. Markus's articles were followed by longer studies in the late 1980s. In 1988 Glenda Sluga's work on Bonegilla was published."
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The Mohave and the Chemehuevi, 2006.
This paper compares the histories and cultures of the Mohave and Chemehuevi Indian tribes.
3,507 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 159.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper details the cultures and history of two Indian tribes that have historically inhabited the Mohave Desert in California. This paper contains in-depth research into the social organization, economy, customs and religion of the Mohave and Chemehuevi tribes. In 1776 the Chemehuevi Indians began to migrate from Nevada, Utah and Arizona to California due to conflicts with the Yuman Indians, who were living in the area next to theirs. A 1604 expedition in search of silver led New Mexico governor Don Juan Onate through Mohaves territory, but it was not until 1775 that Fray Francisco Garces became the first white man to meet the Mohaves.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of the Chemehuevi
History of the Mohave Indians
Social Organizations
Customs
Economy
Religion
Interaction with Other Tribes
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"These reservations are administered by different sovereign tribal governments under two separate legal jurisdictions. These governments were created and recognized by the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, and the tribal-council form of government that was adopted at the time does not separate the functions of the administration, the legislature, and the judiciary. However, both governments operate civil and criminal courts that protect and assert their legal jurisdiction on the reservations over their own members. Mohave tribal identity in both reservation communities remains strong, although the pattern of intermarriage with other tribes that began in the early 1900s and a trend toward intermarriage with other races that began in the 1960s continue to challenge and change individual concepts of identity as well as the community's sense of itself."
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"The Last of the Mohicans", 2005.
This paper discusses the rejection of miscegenation, inter-racial marriage, in James Fenimore Cooper's 1826 novel "The Last of the Mohicans".
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that James Fenimore Cooper's "The Last of the Mohicans" has two romantic plots: (1) Duncan Heyward's quest for Alice and (2) Cora's struggle between Uncas and Magua, which is foiled thus promoting purity of the white race. The author explains that white women who were forced into marriages with Indian men, were no longer considered white, but rather Indian, which clearly set boundaries between the two civilizations, thereby rejecting any sort of miscegenation. The paper relates that Cooper further demonstrates his detesting of miscegenation with his graphic description of the massacre at Fort William Henry.
From the Paper
"The hint of African blood that Cora has explains her affinity for Indians as well as her unacceptable sexuality (to white men, i.e. Heyward). Since Indians are of a darker color, they would be more likely to find a woman of darker color more attractive. The "impurity" in Cora's blood is supposed to represent what Cooper would have thought of as a moral impurity. This meaning that her conception was immoral; or that blacks should not have sexual relations with whites. Cooper, however, did not want readers to think that Cora was morally flawed in any way. If she were morally flawed, her loving, self-reliant, and overall protagonist
character would not be realistic."
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The Environmental Justice Movement, 2005.
This paper discusses the environmental justice movement, a relatively new force on the American political scene.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines environmental justice as the fair treatment for people of all races, cultures and incomes regarding the development of environmental laws, regulations and policies. The author stresses that the citing of hazardous waste sites and polluting industries in minority communities is an insidious form of environmental racism. The paper examines the landmark study "Toxic Waste and Race in the United States", commissioned by United Church of Christ, which revealed that race was the most significant variable associated with the location of hazardous waste sites.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Procedural Inequity
Geographical Inequity
Social Inequity
From the Paper
"The town of Kettleman City is the site of a toxic waste dump built in 1979 by Chem Waste Incorporated. The community is predominately Mexican farm workers. During the public hearing and permitting phase of the project, Chem Waste and county authorities scheduled meetings to be held thirty-five miles away, conducted the proceeding in English only and did not provide translations of the environmental impact survey. The dump, while in operation received 200,000 tons of toxic material annually, resulting in numerous maladies of those unfortunate enough to live nearby."
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Pain, 2006.
This in-depth paper details the results of both focus groups and clinical studies which provide a framework for clinicians to better understand and treat pain, based on the race and ethnicity of the patient.
6,093 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 232.95
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Abstract
This well-researched, two-part paper examines the cause, effect and treatment of self-reported pain in patients of varying ethnicities and cultures. When healthcare providers are faced with patients who are experiencing pain, there may be a number of confounding factors that serve to constrain developing an effective treatment modality, including the clinician's own cultural bias, prejudice or ignorance. This in-depth research paper identifies the cultural factors that play a role in influencing healthcare providers' decisions to medicate patients based on their ethnicity. The writer of this paper also details which, if any, cultural influences within the patients themselves may serve to constrain their ability to adequately communicate their respective levels of pain in self-reports. This paper details the various focus groups and clinical studies and their results which provide a framework for clinicians to better understand the treatment of pain based on the race and ethnicity of the patient.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Part One: Development of a Pain Assessment Tool Relevant to Clinical Background.
Epidemiology of Pain
Ecological Perspective
Developmental/Temporal Perspective
Epidemiology Measures
General Pain Assessment Tool Considerations
Part Two: Application of Assessment Tool
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Although pain is a virtually universal phenomenon, it is also a highly subjective experience that is characterized by a wide range of epidemiological considerations that will vary according to the individual, of course, but the cultural setting within which the pain management experience takes place as well. In the increasingly multicultural society that characterizes the United Kingdom today, clinicians are hard-pressed to understand the complex relationship of how organic processes interrelate with cultural factors that may be unapparent or unknown to them. Furthermore, compounding the problem of developing an effective pain assessment tool that can be used across-the-board is the fact that occupational, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and possibly geographic, cultural, and cohort differences, as well as differences in lifestyle risk factors such as smoking may be so powerful for pain management purposes that the influences of other factors such as age and gender are difficult to identify."
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The Glass Ceiling, 2005.
This paper discusses issues of the glass ceiling, a theoretical level beyond which women and minorities are unable to advance in the workplace.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that major signs of the existence of glass ceilings are that (1) virtually all women have lower mean incomes when compared to their male counterparts and (2) most minority men earn less than non-Hispanic, white men with the same education at the same occupational level. The author points out that specific company actions to avoid being the target of a potential lawsuit are using the neutral systems of merit or seniority based pay and focusing their strategic business plans on achieving workforce diversity. The paper stresses that, to break down the glass ceiling, employers should realize that they need the input of women and minorities in their businesses to better address the changing consumer markets, workplace demographics and competition in today's economy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Pertinent Employment Laws
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Further, Redwood lists internal structural barriers and business barriers such as: Outreach and recruitment practices that do not reach or recruit women and minorities; corporate climates that alienate and isolate; pipeline barriers that restrict career growth because of poor training, inadequate mentoring, biased rating and testing systems; few or no internal communication networks; limited rotational job assignments that lead to the executive suite and institutional rigidity that deny the fragile family and work balance. Often, qualified people are denied from reaching their full potential because they do not have access to mentoring, developmental assignments, training, and other career enhancing activities."
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Cultural Diversity, 2006.
This paper stresses the importance of introducing and instituting a more defined multicultural and diverse curriculum into the present school system.
2,832 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper discusses the need for a more expanded and defined multicultural curriculum in present classroom settings. This paper explores the various teaching styles and approaches that need to be introduced in order to present different cultures and nationalities, including: Films, plays, biographies and other forms of literature. An additional style includes having students participate in joint activities which improves inter-group relations amongst different cultures. When students do things together they have opportunities to judge people on their own merits rather than on stereotypes. The writer contends that today's educators need not only support but the relevant teaching tools to deal with cultural diversity in the classroom. This paper also examines the various approaches available that will help decrease the differences amongst minorities in the classroom.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What to Teach
How to Teach
References
From the Paper
"In our institutions we have diverse classrooms. Students having an alike cultural heritage do not mean that they are all similar. They may dress alike or they might be bond in a systems compelling them to do things like others however if the are provided the chance, most of the high school students will disclose their dissimilarities. The main thing is to provide them a chance. Now taking into account these factors it is a challenge for the teacher to be able enough to effectively distinguish and value the aesthetic ways that students feel free to express themselves and to effectively take advantage of their actions, words, or habits to argue on issue of diversity."
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Cross-Cultural Medical Care, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems and suggestions for improving cross-cultural medical care.
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in clinics and emergency rooms across the country, the beliefs and practices of other cultures are on a collision course with Western medicine, which frustrates caregivers, who should use diplomacy to better handle these situations and to educate their patients. The author suggests that caregivers investigate their patient's' racial, cultural, economic and linguistic background by asking such questions as: "Was it difficult for you to adjust to the United States?" and "How do people in your culture go about solving problems such as yours?" The paper summarizes that accessibility to public health, awareness of cultural differences and the ability to effectively communicate will keep America's tapestry of diverse cultures healthy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Public Health Accessibility
Cultural Assessment
Communication and Interpreters
From the Paper
"Whenever patients feel limited in using the English language, it comforts them to use their mother tongue. They tend to feel less inhibited in expressing themselves. Speaking their native language also helps them to get in touch with their emotions. That is why doctors and nurses frequently will ask for translation assistance if they do not speak a patient's language. A medical professional can also carefully observe body language and non-verbal cues to get a sense of the patient's condition.In obtaining translation assistance, one should employ a health care coworker or interpreter to translate, rather than use a family member or children."
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Xenophobia and the German People, 2006.
This paper explores the reasons behind Germany's tendency towards xenophobia and the government's plan to change the nation's attitude.
1,959 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Germany, an active member of the European Union, as one of eastern Europe's richest and most populous nations, yet the country still has a major problem with its citizen's tendency toward xenophobia. This paper examines the history of Germany which was the only group of tribal people that were never conquered by the Romans. So much of western thought, the system of law and government as well as our view of the world is still marked by the influence of ancient Greco-Roman culture, which would explain why Germany may not have this same mindset. The writer of this paper details the differences between today's Germany and that of the middle ages and the 19th century. The concerns of the native Germans during those periods extended to the influx of the Jewish people and the anti-Christian activities of the Gypsies. This paper discusses the various strategies and methods being utilized by the government to combat xenophobia in Germany and improve the country's image around the world.
From the Paper
"Rome still may have contained the migration of the Germans if the now powerful Roman Catholic Church did not declare Arian Christianity Heresy and begin to burn its adherents at the stake. From that point on, the German people never were entirely comfortable with the Roman Papacy. The German tribes were not conquered during Rome's time of greatest influence, and only were brought into the world of non-Arian Catholicism by ruse. It is possible because of this separation; there existed a sense of difference between the people of Germany and almost everyone else who inhabited Europe through the time of Charlemagne and the Middle Ages. The Internet site, Alien Travel guide tells us that Ancient tribes such as the Franks, the Goths, the Teutons and the Vandals once inhabited the region of Germany."
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Social Urbanization, 2006.
This paper analyzes the social urbanization of America for the past 150 years, focusing primarily on Los Angeles, CA.
1,337 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the various methods of studying urbanization which include community formation and the process of urbanization. This paper also discusses advanced computer software programs that reveal concise developing patterns and complex sciences such as chaos and fragile theory which tell about the inner workings of cities. This paper describes how the emergence of new living patterns are a direct response to technology, modes of transportation and individual preferences. For more than 100 years urban theorists have contended that the balance of forces between white and black and male and female is a natural condition, yet this paper proves why this is no longer true. The writer focuses on the urbanization of L.A. which is more fragmented than most other multicultural municipalities due to its large Hispanic population. This paper also touches on the introduction of Islam into the African-American community and the resulting impact.
From the Paper
"Since 1966, and the theories of Jane Jacobs and post-modern urbanists, urbanists view the city as a living organism--one whose many cycles can be captured better on film then by a static plan. Indeed computer programs that reveal developing patterns and complex sciences, such as chaos and fragile theory, tell us much more about how cities really work than the old mechanic models of modern architects. An excellent candidate for such a study would be that complex, unexplainable entity known as Los Angeles. According to a United Nations report published in 1992, more than one million refugees migrated around the globe--compared to a World War II high of 16 million."
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Americans: A Multicultural Race, 2006.
A survey of opinions advocating or opposing the promotion of multiculturalism and diversity in American culture.
1,382 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper contrasts the views of those who classify Americans as individuals united by a common culture and those who classify them as members of distinct ethnic groups. The paper provides numerous citations for each viewpoint, and analyzes their differences. In conclusion, the writer warns that an overemphasis on differences between groups of Americans could threaten the bond of unity between people who are bound together as Americans.
From the Paper
"The rise of the new concept of multiculturalism seems to be rooted in the civil rights movement, according to some, and was a necessary mindset in the black community for the establishment of ethnic pride and the encouragement of a "mentality of closing ranks." (Cornel West, Diverse New World, p. 49.) West faults multiculturalists for "...refusing to recognize the thoroughly hybrid culture of almost every culture we have ever discovered." He extrapolates that in embracing a radical view of multiculturalism, proponents are creating a "mirror image of the Eurocentric racism they condemn." (Op. cit., p. 48.)"
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