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Gender in Asian-American Literature, 2006.
A review of John Okada's 'No No Boy', Jhumpa Lahiri's 'The Namesake' and Nina Revoyr's 'Southland', focusing on the issue of gender portrayal.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews three pieces of Asian-American literature, analyzing the portrayal of gender in these novels. The three works the paper reviews are John Okada's 'No No Boy', Jhumpa Lahiri's 'The Namesake' and Nina Revoyr's 'Southland'. The paper discusses how these books do much to provide information on the Asian-American ethnic identity but, as with any other fiction, they present the authors' subjective points of view and readers must be alert to their ethnic authenticity and transnational analytic limitations.
From the Paper
"On the one hand Ma rejects western culture for herself and her children, but Ichiro is still drawn by American culture and disregards most of Ma's nationalistic beliefs. She is unwilling to accept his rejection and pretends it is due to his illness: "We will talk later when you are feeling better... Think more deeply and your doubts will disappear. You are my son, Ichiro" (Okada 15). Ichiro sees that "Ma is the rock that's always hammering, pounding, pounding, pounding in her unobtrusive, determined, fanatical way until there's nothing left to call one's self. She's cursed me with her meanness and the hatred that you cannot see but which is always hating..."(Okada 12). Yet, on the other hand, Mr. and Mrs. Yamada came to the U.S. to give their sons the opportunity to have an American education "which would make them better men in Japan" (205). "
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Mental Health and Language, 2007.
This paper discusses how language differences can affect counselling and treatment.
4,808 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 154.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines how the under-utilization of mental health services by Hispanics has been a growing concern in research and clinical practice. The writer notes that language differences may be perhaps the most important stumbling block to the effective counseling and assessment of this population. The writer looks carefully at this issue and determines how much treatment is affected and whether there is anything that can to done to help Hispanics get better mental health treatment, even if they cannot speak English, or cannot speak it well. The writer points out that when clients and their therapists cannot communicate in the same language, they can often misunderstand each other, and this makes it very difficult to interact and provide what is needed by the therapeutic relationship. Further the writer highlights that since this is the case, mental health services are very under-utilized by the Hispanic population, and this issue must be addressed if this population is to be helped.
From the Paper
"The interaction between therapists and their patients has long been a subject of study. Usually, these studies relate to Caucasian therapists and how their Caucasian clients respond to them. It seems as though there is the greater amount of Caucasian people in the therapy profession, and therefore the relationship between Caucasian therapists and Caucasian patients is easier to study. While it is true that there are many Caucasian therapists, there are also many therapists out there with a different ethnic background. Some are African-American, as well as Native American, Asian, Hispanic, and other nationalities. There are also many patients with a different ethnic background, and many of these individuals do not speak English, or do not speak it well enough to really communicate their thoughts and feelings in a therapeutic setting. While Hispanics are the main focus here, others will also be mentioned briefly, to shed some light on how large the actual problem is."
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Diversity in Health Care, 2007.
An analysis of the need for skills to deal with people of differing cultural backgrounds in the health care system.
1,086 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses cultural diversity within the health care system in the United States. The paper discusses the different needs and requirements for dealing with cultural diversity, both within the hospital system and also in private practices. It looks at the skills that are needed by doctors, nurses and administrative staff within the health care profession in order to make people of all ethnicities welcome and comfortable.
From the Paper
"It isn't enough that the doctors, or doctors and nurses, have developed cultural awareness and sensitivity. Every person on the office staff will interact with patients in some way, and all need to be aware of how their actions can help someone, for instance with a significant language barrier, get quality health care. Medical care does not begin and end with exams and treatments. The patients must set appointments, discuss insurance problems, provide important information, and understand instructions. Those encounters may have more effect on the person's medical decisions than the doctor's care. Unfortunately, a significant number of minority patients feel they have negative experiences that can range from insensitivity to discrimination when dealing with a practice's office staff (NCCC)."
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Iraqi Women in the U.K., 2007.
A study of re-settlement experiences of Iraqi-Kurdish women migrants in the U.K.
4,712 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 25 sources, MLA, AU$ 151.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to conduct a review of literature relating to the re-settlement experiences of Iraqi-Kurdish Muslim women asylum seekers who currently live in the Dover area. It examines how the plight of the migrant and refugee Iraqi-Kurdish women is one that is complex in that the country of origin and the country of destination have differential rules of law and society. It also discusses how this can be defined in terms of acceptable or illegal behavior in the treatment of women.
Outline
Objective
Introduction
Profile of the Kurdish People
History of the Kurdish People
Western Media Propaganda has Negatively Affected Perception of the Kurds
The Demands of Kurdish Women upon the Government Relating to Education
Healthcare is Almost Non-Existent for Kurdish Refugee and Immigrant Women
Factors in the Lives of Kurdish Refugee and Immigrant Women
Postmodernism and Feminism
Human Rights Watch Urges E.U. to Establish Definition of Fundamental Rights
Current State of Affairs for Refugees and Migrant People in Britain
Migration has Gender-Dimension
Battered Migrant, Refugee and Immigrant Women - Legal Aspects
Summary of Literature Review
From the Paper
"The Kurds are a diverse ethnic group living across Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria and provinces of the former USSR. The Kurds have suffered persecution because of being 'stateless' and persecution in Iraq has been the most noted. Women hold a high place in the family of the Kurdish clans which are based on paternal lines. (Cultural Diversity in Health, 2006) The Kurdish people are reported to be the single largest ethnic group in the world without a country of their own. The area called Kurdistan is home to 25 million of these people which is a mountainous region stretching some 200,000 miles from the southeastern edge of Turkey, along the Syrian northeastern border touching north Iraq and west Iran. Those who flee the era do so to the Middle East, Central Asia, Australia Europe and North America. "
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Competent Counseling, 2007.
This paper discusses 'best practice' counseling, with a focus on African-American and Hispanic-American patients.
3,769 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 21 sources, MLA, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the treatment literature for Hispanic-Americans and African-American patients through consideration of the cultural and ethnic variables. The paper explains that these are critical aspects in the consideration of matching a client to program services. The paper also identifies those aspects of the culture that should be incorporated into more standard treatment programs. Based on the review of literature, a set of best practice guidelines and a set of counselor competencies are developed that support the integration of cultural variables into treatment services.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Characteristics of the Culturally Skilled Counselor
Counseling: The African American Individual
Counseling: The Hispanic Individual
Best Practice Guidelines and Counselor Competences
From the Paper
"The counseling professional takes certain attitudes, beliefs, and pre-conceptions with them into the therapy session that may or may not be conducive to the proper and effective treatment of their clients. Specifically certain preconceived notions based on race, ethnicity, or culture may serve to be negative in their effect and even harmful to the well-being of the client being counseled. It is critically important that these issues be addressed during the education and training of the professional counselor in order to prepare the counselor for effectively assessing and counseling their clients in their professional practice.
Existent as well are the factors associated with differences that exist between the races, and specifically in this work the focus will be the African-American and Hispanic race. The cultural differences existent between these two races are pronounced and must be considered separately instead of giving consideration only to cultures other than the predominant White culture, each of these races must be accorded separate consideration by the professional counselor in order for therapy to be effective."
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Interracial Identities, 2005.
This paper argues that America's history of institutionalized racism and white superiority has given way to the displacement and alienation of interracial individuals, thus creating fragmented and broken identities.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that allowing the southern states to decide policy on Reconstruction after the Civil War was a big mistake on the part of the federal government because the South created the Jim Crow laws, which put into motion the segregation of the races. The author points out that the response time for the aid to the New Orleans hurricane victims illustrates that slavery remains ingrained in American culture, dividing Americans into interracial identities of not only race but also class and economic status. The paper examines the works of African-American Langston Hughes and Japanese-American David Mura for contemporary examples of the problem of interracial identities in the U.S..
Table of Contents:
Introduction
America's Civil War and Aftermath
Contemporary Samples
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In Langston Hughes' poem "Cross", he discusses what it is like to be a biracial man in America and it is his character's anger that resonates. It is very clear how much he resents being both black and white with the language he chooses. There is the respect he feels for his father but lack of respect for his mother that comes across clearly. As if there is shame involved being a product of the union between two different colored people but also two people from different stations in society. This leaves him not only as a cross between the two people but also with a cross to bear in life as he struggles with his own identity."
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The Pedagogy of Paolo Freire, 2007.
This paper applies Paolo Freire's pedagogy of the oppressed to the classroom situation.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Paolo Freire states that, when the oppressed believe they cannot make changes to their situation, the oppressor has the upper hand; however, when the oppressed recognize their oppression, they can break out of their bonds. The author points out that teachers can play a major role in helping their students help each other break the barriers that exist to educational equity through dialogue; however, this only comes with the ending of oppression and the love among fellow men. The paper stresses that all education should be co-intentional, where both teachers and students engage as active subjects in the understanding and analysis of knowledge and thus also interact in the development of knowledge on a non-oppressive model.
From the Paper
"All one has to do is pick up a book by Jonathan Kozol, such as "Savage Inequalities" to see the differentiation that occurs between those who have and those who have not in the United States. According to Kozol, the U.S. suffers from a functional illiteracy rate of about 25 percent, color-based unemployment, the complete loss of a social service safety net, an assault on working conditions among those who actually do have jobs and representative government that only represent those with money."
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To Feel at Home, 2007.
A review of the novel "Namesake" by Jhumpa Lahiri.
2,888 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how a large number of immigrants or their children have few or no ties left with their birthplace, but have yet to find a "home" in the true sense of the word, in America. The paper looks at Jhumpa Lahiri's first novel, "Namesake," that deals with this subject of alienation and uncertainty. "Namesake" is the story of Gogol's finding the meaning behind his name and a satisfying place in his two separate worlds of India and America. The paper depicts how it takes a lifetime for him to accept and appreciate that he is different. The paper shows how the novel reflects the search that people from many different cultures and backgrounds undergo when leaving their roots behind.
From the Paper
"Although Gogol is born in Cambridge, Masschusetts, his parents, as those of Jhumpa Lahiri, had a feeling of exile despite the fact they left Calcutta on their own volition. Gogol's mother, Ashima, left behind all family, friends and support to come to America with her husband from a Bengali arranged marriage. Young and naive, she finds unique ways to keep her Indian ties--such as making Rice Krispie treats with red onions and chili peppers. Gogol's father, Ashoke Ganguli, is an MIT electrical engineering doctorate who came to the U.S. to make a better life, but still retains much of the Bengali traditions."
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Managing Diversity, 2007.
This paper discusses managing diversity and provides a review of related literature.
15,678 words (approx. 62.7 pages), 56 sources, MLA, AU$ 311.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that being able to manage diversity in the workplace, or anywhere else, is not always that easy to do and is often more complex and complicated than it would seem to an outside observer. The writer notes that the review of the literature provides several different things. First, it shows why diversity management is needed and looks at some of the major focuses of literature, generally since 1993. Second, it indicates that there are differences between managing diversity, affirmative action, and equal employment opportunities. Third, the main part of the literature review simply discusses the general literature on managing diversity and what has been said regarding the issue, so that readers can better understand what has been said regarding managing diversity, the pros and cons of it, and other issues that surround it. Fourth and finally, the review of the literature looks at diversity on a global level, so that the researcher can indicate what other countries are doing about managing diversity and how these countries feel about this issue. Managing diversity in England, Europe, South Africa, and Australia is addressed in this section.
Contents:
Review of Related Literature
Part I
Part II
Part III
Part IV
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Discussing the Caucasian culture is somewhat complex because there are so many different cultures that make it up. Generally, if someone is considered 'white' they are a Caucasian, but their background, where they come from, and their religious and other beliefs might be very different from someone else that is also considered Caucasian. Because of this, there is no specific way to discuss the traditions, beliefs, and values of the Caucasian culture. What can be noted, however, is that Caucasian people overall seem to have less strong family responsibility and seem to be more open to discussing various issues with others than are the American Indian, Vietnamese, and Asian cultures. This is but one short and simple example of the diversity that could be faced within a workplace."
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Methodology: Managing Diversity, 2007.
This paper examines the different approaches of the qualitative and quantitative research methods.
3,850 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 131.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that within the field of research there are multiple approaches to gathering primary data. It is noted that an ongoing debate exists with respect to the validity and usefulness of qualitative approaches vs. data gathered from quantitative approaches. This paper analyzes and weighs the particular merits and demerits of both forms of review, so the researcher may conclude whether qualitative or quantitative approaches are best suited toward analyzing phenomena related to diversity in the workplace and global organization or environment. The researcher in this study provides information that can be agreed on and generalized to some extent to the population at large. The writer implies that while initially this might suggest use of quantitative approaches, more and more researchers are discovering that qualitative approaches are equally valid for providing information that is generalized to the population.
Outline
Methodology: Managing Diversity
Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Analysis
Triangulation Research Method/Pros Cons/Usefulness in Area
Managing Diversity: Survey Instrument and Research Design
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Implications of Study
Anticipated Results
References
From the Paper
"Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are grounded in philosophy, including naturalistic and positive approaches to theory. It is important that the researcher determine the focus and intent of the study prior to selecting a research methodology. If the intent of the researcher for example is to assume a given phenomena is valid or make a hypothesis and then test that hypothesis, then likely a quantitative research method is best as the intent of quantitative approaches is to determine specific cause and effect relationships among various variables."
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Blacks and Social Issues, 2006.
This paper discusses in what ways society has come closer to realizing Martin Luther King's dream.
856 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in many ways, King's dream of a better, more equal life for African-Americans has in fact been realized. The writer offers the example that blacks and other minorities today now have many more, even if not still enough, educational and job opportunities than they did in 1963. The writer explains that a black middle class now exists in America, whereas in 1963, one did not. Further, the writer maintains that many improvements have also occurred for the disabled (e.g., more wheelchair and public transportation access). This paper discusses how life in America has improved (or not) for blacks and other minorities in America since Martin Luther King Jr. first gave his "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963.
From the Paper
"In his "I Have a Dream" speech, Martin Luther King Jr. states, hopefully, that: "Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning". Today, 42 years after King gave that speech, many aspects of day-to-day life in the United States, for blacks and other minorities, have improved, at least for a number of (if not all) minorities. Educational and job opportunities, for example, are now much better for minorities in America than they were in the past. Still, many minorities in America today face discrimination, in education, housing, jobs, etc., even though such discrimination became illegal after the Civil Rights Act, the passage of Affirmative Action laws, etc. However, many peoples' personal feelings about blacks, the disabled, and other minorities have not changed much (if at all), and that still accounts for a great deal of racial and other discrimination that lingers on in America today."
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African and Caribbean Diaspora, 2006.
This paper discusses the forced migration of African peoples from their homelands to other parts of the world.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effects the African and Caribbean diaspora has had on the African-American population throughout history. Three subtopics are covered. The first is a discussion of how it has affected the identity of African-Americans through a loss of cultural heritage. The second subtopic deals with effects on the family and how gender roles of men and women within the household have been switched. Thirdly, the loss of self-value suffered by African-Americans from a collective feeling of inferiority to white Americans and the American upper class are discussed. By the conclusion of this paper, the reader should have a sound understanding of the factors that have shaped the current African-American culture and the struggles they still face.
From the Paper
"As stated in the introduction, the African and Caribbean diaspora refers to the forced migration of African peoples from their homelands to other parts of the world, mainly North America and the Caribbean. This paper will focus mainly around the forced North American migration. The term 'forced' is used because that was exactly how the migration came about. Put bluntly, an astounding number of African people were abducted from their homelands, separated from their families, and shipped like cargo to different areas of the world, including North America. From the first moment of abduction, African people were subjected to a series of cruel treatments meant to dehumanize and prepare them for a life to be lived as property, as slaves. The brutal and malicious acts Africans were helplessly subjected to attacked their self-value and succeeded in eroding their view of themselves not only as a collective African people, but also as human beings."
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Racial Segregation, 2006.
An analysis of the reasons behind racial segregation and its effects on the black community.
1,661 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three works which cite a different determining factor in the separation of the races, and examines each particular factor's detrimental effects on the black community. After examining those works, this paper argues that the real root of racial segregation is ultimately voluntary, even if influenced by the variances of racial economics.
From the Paper
"This analysis examines not only the structural factors which exist in continued inequalities between black and white communities, but the cultural factors which contribute to the continuance of these structural factors. Cashin's analysis is the only one of the three which truly explains the circular patter of structural factors creating the cultural factors that contribute to the black and white segregation. As this segregation is already the status quo in many of the communities which were originally segregated (i.e. the suburbs versus the inner city), it becomes more acceptable for members of the community to prefer their own comfort zone of the community they already inhabit (Cashin 2005)."
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Aidoo's Esi & El Saadawi's Firdaus, 2006.
This paper compares and contrasts men's treatment of Esi in Aidoo's 'Changes, A Love Story' and Firdaus in El Saadawi's 'Woman at Point Zero'.
1,372 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses women as social objects within African society. The writer examines men's treatment of women, as portrayed in the books 'Changes, A Love Story' by Aidoo and 'Woman at Point Zero' by El Saadawi. The writer analyzes Chapter 20 of 'Changes: A Love Story', and an excerpt from 'Woman at Point Zero', in which Firdaus marries Sheikh Mahmoud but runs away from him (and then meets Bayomi), in order to shed light on each character's journey toward her "point zero". The writer concludes that what the two characters share most importantly in common, is the fact that their respective societies and most of those with whom they associate (with the exception of some of Esi's female friends and relatives), do not ever see them as full and separate human beings.
From the Paper
"Esi spends the Christmas season feeling anxious, and taking tranquilizers to calm her nerves. That leads to her epiphany, in which she faces the fact that her marriage to Ali is no marriage at all. When Ali finally shows up on New Year's Day, driving his latest bribe to Esi, a new sports car, Esi by then knows for sure that the marriage is over. Together at breakfast, when both run out of conversation about the flashy new car, each realizes that they have nothing in common anymore. For Esi, spending Christmas alone led to "point zero". The material surprises that once pacified her will no longer substitute for chronic neglect.
Esi realizes in this chapter, that in marrying Ali she has merely exchanged her first claustrophobic marriage to Oko, for one of continuous neglect instead."
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Poverty among Immigrants, 2006.
This paper examines the reasons for the gap between U.S. born Americans, who appear to enjoy a higher standard of living, and non-U.S. born citizens, who appear to have a lower standard of living.
2,895 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that some of the reasons for the differences in earning power of immigrant population are directly related to their academic level and language skills; as these immigrants gain new qualifications and their language skills, their statuses improve and they come out of the poverty trap. The author points out that immigrants also send some of their earnings to their home country to support their extended families thus reducing their own standards of living in United States. The paper concludes that immigrant poverty is unusually limited to the first generation immigrants because, within 20 years of immigration, the differences between non-U.S. born and U.S. born Americans disappear and these immigrants become a part of the U.S. society with fewer links abroad. The paper excludes illegal aliens from the analysis.
Table of Contents
Reason for Poverty among Immigrants
Language Difficulties
Remittances to Home Countries
Drugs Abuse by Immigrants
Unemployment among Immigrants
Discrimination against Immigrants
Education Level of Immigrants
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The Office of Scientific and Engineering Professionals (OSEP) report stated that [OSEP. 1988] proportion of foreign assistant professors of engineering younger than age 35 has increased from 10 percent in 1972 to over 50 percent during the period 1983-1985. About two-thirds of the postdoctoral university appointees are not U.S. citizens, and about 60 percent of foreign students obtaining Ph.D. degrees in the United States remain here. The OSEP however complains that large number of these engineers come from countries where the language and cultural backgrounds are likely to be significantly different from those of most native-born Americans."
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Asian Indians, 2006.
This paper discusses the presence of Asian Indians in the United States.
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the first immigration of Asian Indians to the United States. The writer then discusses the subject of education related to the Asian community over the years. Asian culture and the matter of parental control is also discussed. Further, the writer looks at cultural conflict and values of this community within the United States. In this paper, the writer discusses both first generation and second generation Asian Indians in the U.S.
From the Paper
"When the 1965 Emigration Act abolished national origin quotas, large numbers of immigrants from Asia came to the United States, and it was at this time that Asian Indians became a rapidly expanding ethnic group in America. This new group of immigrants had high levels of education, were fluent in English, and were educated in distinctly European, particularly British, educational systems. According to data, Asian Indians entered the middle or upper-middle level of the occupational structure, and were able to structurally assimilate while simultaneously maintaining a great deal of cultural distinctiveness. Due to strong educational credentials and occupational skills, they were able to enter into the economic mainstream of American life, while fluent English skills and strong work ethics supported cultural adaptation."
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