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A Paradoxical University System, 2008.
This paper discusses a paradoxical University system present in the United Arab Emirates.
3,226 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 141.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) represent a most interesting case in the context of modern education. The writer notes that as one proceeds with a literature review designed to address the role played by the university system in the UAE, it is clear that this is a context which should be considered key to the future of a part of the Persian Gulf rife with promise. Indeed, the writer maintains that if the UAE is to live up to the potential suggested by its vast wealth, it must find ways to improve the social and political conditions that overshadow much of the progress implied by its economy. Moreover, the writer argues that the UAE must alter its orientation toward its indigenous population, which it seems often is given short-shrift to the courtship of foreign business students. The literature review here is intended to reveal the current circumstances and future needs of the UAE university system.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Technology and communication have fueled its capacity not just to be a purveyor of a valuable world resource--a disposition which has genuinely seen to the destructive exploitation of so many nations in the 'developing' and 'undeveloped' spheres--but also as a willing and able partner in the implementation of the global trade process.
"Its educational orientation must be led by the central Ministry of Education and the administration of Sheikh Mohammed, which are charged with the duty of ensuring that the students coming out of school are not simply prepared to contend with the complex global obligations of the workforce, but who are additionally oriented to take the UAE forward as a global competitor in the production of innovation. In order to do so, it must, of course, act according to the mores of a global economy, which demands the presence of women in all forms and at every level. An absence hereof may cause a strain on the relationship between this and western counterparts where cultural and social parameters demand explicated equal protections for the rights of women."
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Contemporary Africa Ethnic Conflict Resolution, 2008.
Analyzes ethnic conflict resolution and policy in contemporary Africa, especially Ethiopia.
15,860 words (approx. 63.4 pages), 36 sources, APA, AU$ 375.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies key elements in conflict and conflict resolution theories from the perspectives of ethnicity, culture, and politics in Africa and non-African countries. The author points out that Africa has been wracked time and time again by wars of all types, intensities and durations. The author then presents several ways that Africans resolve ethnic conflict and reports that, unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of the 1936-41 Italian occupation during World War II. However, Ethiopia has been wracked by a series of bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought and massive refugee problems.
Table of Contents:
Theory
Key Historical and Contemporary Theorist
Conflict Theories and African Policy Issues
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Social Learning Theory
Social Identity Theories
Implementation of Ethnic Conflict Management and Policy
Community Assembly: The Semai Becharaa'
Qat-Chewing Sessions
The Role of Poetry
Dia
Go-Between Mediator
Apology
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions
Public Trials
Reparations Payments
Writing a Common History
Track II Diplomacy
Literature Review
Global Ethnic Resolution, Conflict and Relevant Policy
African Ethnic Conflict and Policy
Application of Theory and Practice on Ethiopia
Ethnic Conflict Resolution and Theories within a Policy Context
Ethiopian Socioeconomic and Political Climate
From the Paper
"The native inhabitants of the area were organized in agrarian-based chiefdoms like those of the Bench and Dizi people (living in the highlands) or in decentralized age-grade societies like the Toposa, Anyuak, Nyangatom and Suri (living in the lowland plains). The state presence was constituted by superior military force (soldier contingents with better arms), and by the imposition on the locals of tribute and tax requirements, and the obligation to provide corvee agricultural labor for the northern immigrants. The latter also took cattle, ivory and slaves for trade to the north."
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Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World., 2008.
A Critique of Jack Weatherford's "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World."
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the term 'Indian giver' has come to be a synonym for someone who gives something, only to take it back. The paper further explains that it was the Indians who were forced to give to the Europeans--their knowledge about farming and fishing in the Americas and ultimately their land. The paper discusses that in Jack Weatherford's book, "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World," the exchange between Europeans and Native Americans was an unequal one, with Europeans taking of the positive benefits of the New World, while the Indians were doing all of the giving. The paper concludes that unwittingly, the Indians found themselves the recipient of the evils of European civilization, like slavery, and a disrespectful attitude to the land.
From the Paper
"According to Weatherford, the early post-Columbian contact of the Europeans with the native populace actually enabled the Industrial Revolution to change Europe, and ultimately the world. "Had Europe and America not come together through Columbus or some other connection, the industrial revolution would never have happened in the way we know it," because Europeans would never have gained access to the metals of the New World, or to Indian mines (Weatherford 57). This contact also generated the money economy of Europe and fueled a shift to a European economy based upon real, hard, convertible currency. Metal-based currency also was critical in fueling industrialism and world trade. By beginning the book with tales of South American encounters with Europe, which were particularly brutal and unequal from the beginning of the Indian-European relationship, Weatherford initiates a tragic tone, explaining how enslaved South American Indians mining gold and silver in Potosi supplied the precious metals for most of the European coins that generated wealth for the Old World at the expense of the liberty of the New World."
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Race, Culture and Color, 2008.
This paper discusses Julia Alvarez's article "A White Woman of Color" and Abby L. Ferber's article "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity".
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the articles "A White Woman of Color" by Julia Alvarez and "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity" by Abby L. Ferber who discuss their experiences related to race, culture and color. The paper describes the cultural difference and clashes and the discriminatory or racial behaviors that are the result of social practices. The paper looks at Alvarez in relation to her American society and her Dominican community and Ferber with her Jewish origin and the White supremacist views.
From the Paper
"The issue of race and color has been an important aspect in the history of the United States and in general of the world. This was and still is one of the toughest hurdles to overcome in terms of the complete emancipation of the society. However, this is yet to be fully attained. Although this equality at the level of the society is indeed a lofty goal, there are various aspects which relate to the history and culture of a certain people that make this task to be practically impossible."
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The Needs of Indigenous Australian Women, 2008.
A review of the challenges facing Australian aboriginal women in today's society.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the topic of feminism in Australia and specifically discusses how white, mainstream feminists in Australia can better listen to, and attend to, the needs and voices of indigenous Australian women. The paper further relates that Australian indigenous women including the Australian Aborigines, the Maori of New Zealand, and the Torres State Islanders, have specific needs, problems, and issues that face them today. The paper highlights the fact that developing understanding, modes of clearer communication and ways to aid these women can help white Australian feminists tear down boundaries and bring about more care and support for Australia's indigenous women.
From the Paper
"Domestic violence is another very important problem facing aboriginal women. An Australian newspaper reporter continues, "Homicide is the leading cause of premature death for indigenous women and they are 45 times more likely to be victims of domestic violence than other Australians". It is also well known that most aboriginal victims of domestic violence do not speak out, because they are afraid of reprisals by their family or the community (Bhandari 2006). Thus, the abuse continues in a cycle of violence that can often lead to death. White feminists need to tackle this problem head on, just as they would for white victims of domestic violence. First, they need to create educational programs for aboriginal women that stress the importance of speaking out when domestic violence occurs."
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Genocide in Africa and Kosovo, 2008.
An examination of genocide in Darfur and Rwanda and Kosovo.
2,523 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the genocide in Darfur, and also brings in information about other genocides in the past. The paper explains that even though the United States calls what is happening in Darfur "genocide" and the United Nations refers to it as "...the worst humanitarian disaster in the world today," little is actually being done to stop the slaughter of innocent people. The paper points out that there are no clean hands in this conflict - many rebels have turned to being bandits and just steal and sack villages wherever they wish to make trouble. The paper then looks at how innocent civilians, peacekeepers and humanitarian aid workers are caught in the crossfire.
From the Paper
"Journalist Hunter-Gault did her homework prior to coming to Sudan, and was aware that tensions had been building for a long time between the Arabs (Muslims) and Black Africans; indeed, there were ongoing issues including land and grazing rights in the area. A "rebel Darfur group" - mostly Black Africans - actually took up arms against the government in Khartoum, which is principally ruled by Muslims. Africans wanted a bigger share of the wealth that they claim the government was enjoying, but Hunter-Gault continues, instead of inviting a discussion of how life could be made better for the native Africans, the government responded with "a vengeance." They bombed rebel positions and began supplying arms to the Janjaweed militia (Janjaweed means "men on horses"), which is the marauding force that rapes women, kills men, and burns villages."
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Genocide in Rwanda, 2008.
This paper relates the culture and history of the Tutsi tribe.
1,727 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the distinction between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes was fundamentally based in land, cattle and political access. The paper further relates that Hutu and Tutsi people on an individual basis were able to overcome their differences and develop friendships and even marital alliances. The paper explains, however, that with the incursion of European colonialism, first Germany and then Belgium, European considerations of power came to the forefront and they introduced racial and ethnic tensions that linger until this day.
From the Paper
"Today, the Tutsi tribe is most famous as the victims of one of the most notable acts of genocide of recent memory, in the Hutu-lead African nation of Rwanda. But the history of the Tutsis is a long and complicated one that cannot be surmised in a news article or a caption below a sad photograph. More than four hundred years ago, the Tutsi tribe settled in an area of what is now predominantly known as the African nation of Rwanda, while they were searching for more fertile land on which to graze their cattle. The land was then populated by the more numerous Hutu tribes and the less populous Twa tribe."
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Hispanic American Diversity, 2008.
This paper looks at Hispanic-American diversity in the United States.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that America is today the largest multi-ethnic country, with an impressive number of immigrants from all parts of the world and from all races. The paper also notes that the Latino population living in the United States is now a considerable percentage of the overall population of America. As such, the Hispanics are merely taken as a whole, without proper consideration to the significant differences between the cultural groups. The writer points out that while Mexican Americans, Central and South Americans, Puerto-Rican Americans share certain cultural aspects, they do not form a homogeneous class. Thus, it has been proposed that a pan-ethnic view of the Latino identity will not only discourage real unity among the different groups inside the Hispanic community but will actually promote intra-Latino exclusions and injustices. The writer maintains that each group should thus be considered as having a different identity from the others, according to their nationality.
From the Paper
"There is thus a perceptible need to distinguish between the different Latino groups as having different identities and different needs.
"There are a few common things that The Latinos in the United States usually live in difficult conditions since they arrive in the country without having sufficient knowledge of English or sufficient working skills. Also, certain prejudices against them may prevent their employment. As Davila shows, in New York for example the minorities were treated all alike in the past, and are sometimes treated like this in the present also. As a native Puerto Rican recounts, there are serious confusions between different cultures which demonstrates that minorities are treated simply as part of the same pot, with no regard for the significant differences between them .."
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Race, Gender, and Latin American Eugenics, 2008.
This essay discusses Nancy Leys Stepan's "The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America" and evaluates how theories of "racial improvement" aided modernization in Latin America.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conceptualization of 'science' as purely objective and entirely distanced from the influences of politics. Specifically, this paper looks at the science of eugenics as extremely popular in many nations from the turn of the century until the 1940's. Instead of being purely 'science', as many conceptualized, eugenics was used to justify racial segregation and oppression, in Europe, North America and also in Latin America. According to Nancy Leys Stepan, simply because Latin American eugenics was not used as a tool of state policy on the same level of brutality as in Nazi Germany, does not mean that it was not still deployed by scientists and state officials alike to control human behavior.
From the Paper
"Latin American eugenics was driven by the desire to purify the physical appearance and morality of the nation. Gender, and the presumed inferior place of women also fueled the structure of the health policy, as monitoring the female body and creating the perfect mother was the justification for the compulsory registration of pregnant women and enforced medical exams for the 'good' of the baby and future citizen. Within the bodies of mothers, the new nation would be born, thus (as in Nazi Germany, but with a different scientific justification and emphasis on propagation rather than annihilation) the state 'owned' the body of the woman."
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African Immigrants in the Rural South, 2008.
A research proposal to study health care among African immigrants in the rural south of the US.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, without preventive services, such as regular physical exams and dentist visits, African immigrants in the rural south of the US are the victims of great health disparity. The paper points out that health care information may not reach the needy African immigrant population due to their inability to read and comprehend flyers, poster and pamphlets explaining the services available in the area. The paper then presents the research methods for a qualitative case study in which the local health care system will look at how to best reach this African immigrant population. A health care survey is included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Methods
Limitations
Appendices
Interview
Survey
From the Paper
"The Untied States Center for Disease Control (CDC) focused on African immigrants in a study of health disparities in 2005. The CDC found that health disparities affecting African immigrants in the rural south included HIV/AIDS and a variety of mental disorders. The CDC stated that African immigrants are at an increased risk for chronic disease and injury due to lack of English fluency and education regarding the United States health care system. Also, cultural attitudes were cited as a contributing factor in the health disparity of African immigrants residing in the United States."
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Muslim Male Immigrants, 2008.
An examination of the issues that Muslim men face as they immigrate to the United States.
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how understanding the unique issues that Muslim men face as they immigrate into the United States (US) for the first time is an important concern. It looks at how, because of social and cultural differences between most Muslim countries and the West and certainly the heightened vigilance given young, Muslim males at U.S .customs and immigration points, identifying sensitive areas for this population upon entering the country for the first time is critical to make the experience a success for both parties.
From the Paper
"The other aspect that must be understood regarding Muslim men entering the country for the first time is establishing the reasons why they immigrate. One of the primary reasons young Muslim men immigrate is for refuge (Warner, 2005, p.32). Many Muslim countries around the globe; most notably in the Middle East such as Iraq and Iran and also Afghanistan but others as well, are subject to tyrannical governments, persecution of some kind, violence and war, or other form of civil strife which makes living there dangerous for many. Thus, many Muslim men entering the country may have suffered some type of persecution or threat from harm."
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Arab Muslim Culture and Medical Intervention, 2008.
A case study analysis of the factors of the sunrise model in Islam, how it affects medical care and the importance of its understanding for nursing practice.
947 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, of the seven influencing factors in the Sunrise model, the one which is most prevalent in the Muslim tradition is religious and philosophical factors. The paper then attempts to demonstrate just how complex these factors can be and the dilemmas they create unless the principles of transcultural nursing are applied. The paper also presents a case study that addresses the issue of serious illness and how it is perceived as God's will. It also illustrates the cultural conflict that is almost unavoidable and therefore, why culturally congruent care must always be the central goal.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis
Accommodation/Negotiation
Approaching Cultural Conflict
God's Will and Resignation
Culturally Congruent Care
Conclusion
Appendix
Case Study
From the Paper
"There are several points in the case study where a nurse can be tempted to wonder why the parents do not simply use common sense. Such an attitude means imposing Western views. The only way the situation can be resolved is through the use of religious and philosophical factors. Through these factors, the nurse can fully understand all the issues confronting the family. In this way, the appropriate approach to this situation also can be taken. Culturally competent care essentially refers to providing care that will enable people to regain and maintain their well-being and prevent later health issues (Leininger & McFarland, 2002). In order to accomplish this type of care, nurses must become completely familiar with different cultures. They must also be able to relate these cultures to their own cultural experiences and their own cultural beliefs and values."
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Uninsured Families in America, 2008.
This paper discusses the gaps in health insurance coverage in the United States, particularly affecting low socioeconomic status families and individuals.
2,220 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the gaps in health insurance coverage for families as a significant health care problem in America. The author goes on to assess that these problems are experienced mostly by impoverished immigrants and minorities in the form of dissatisfaction with services, barriers in enrolling themselves or their children due to legal or political "fallout" from adapted U.S. foreign policy or incompatible cultural health beliefs. Furthermore, the paper shows that these issues present themselves in worsened health and increased risk for the uninsured. Lastly, the paper states that culturally sensitive initiatives must be established.
Outline:
Population Description
Significance of the Problem
Related Health and Social Problems
Evaluation of Current Strategies
Ethical Implications of Current Strategies
Proposed Community and Public Health Nursing Interventions
From the Paper
"Flores, Abreu and Tomany-Korman (2006) identified risk factors that made a child more likely to be uninsured in interviews conducted among 1,100 parents, of which 900 were of Latino ethnicity. The probable factors studied included having older children with a mean age of 9 years, being poor (income < $20,000 per annum), possessing a limited English proficiency, being non-U.S. citizens and if both parents were employed. It is of significant note that ethnicity was not a factor (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.49-1.81) with regard to child's age (1.11; 1.07-1.15), documented (1.96; 1.09-3.53) or undocumented (6.06; 3.22-11.4) immigrant status, two working parents (2.08; 1.01-4.29) and income $15,000-19,999 per annum (1.84; 1.13-3.00) (Flores, Abreu & Tomany-Korman, 2006). Nonetheless, apart from income, immigration status and plan ineligibility and the availability of state-funded health insurance, cultural aspects regarding health beliefs need to be factored in, especially with regard to delayed or not seeking medical treatment in times of need and the absence of a regular primary care physician (Greenwald, O'Keefe & DiCamillo, 2005; Flores, Abreu & Tomany-Korman, 2006; Shone, Dick, Brach, Kimminau, LaClair, Shenkman et al, 2006)."
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Rwanda and the United Nations, 2008.
This paper explores the 1984 genocide in Rwanda and the role of the United Nations in this tragedy.
1,643 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the history of the ethnic conflicts in Rwanda and the outcome of the genocide. The paper determines that the United Nations (UN) facilitated the catastrophe and failed the suffering people of Rwanda. The paper also asserts that the UN may be closer to the brink of disaster than almost any of the conflict-torn states it has failed to help in the past. The paper includes a copy of the source material and an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"When the fighting broke out in April of 1994, most of the world was caught in the unhappy position of trying to figure out what could have triggered some monstrous acts. What it learned is that the history of Rwanda has long been, for all intents and purposes, a history of two people: the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority. For many generations, there has been a lingering enmity between the two parties that only needed one spark, however contrived, to burst into a conflagration. In early April of 1994, the murders of Rwandan president, Juvenal Habyarimana, and Burundian president, Cyprien Ntaryamira, proved that fateful spark (Michaels & Mutiso, 44). The question thus becomes, what was it precisely that turned the Hutu against their Tutsi co-citizens in such a dramatic and barbaric way? The answer, perhaps not surprisingly, is found by looking at Rwanda's colonial past."
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Cultural Retention in the Caribbean, 2008.
An examination of the retention of food, religion and music traditions in the Caribbean.
991 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at three instances of cultural retention in the modern-day Caribbean. It discusses the region's cuisine, its faithful adherence to non-Christian religions and its vigorous local music tradition. The paper then outlines how each culture may be understood as a form of resistance to both European imperialism and to the homogenizing forces of globalization.
From the Paper
"Music is the third and final item on our agenda and, like the two preceding it, a review of music offers some valuable insight into how the oppressed peoples of the Caribbean/West Indies were able to retain at least some of their cultural traditions in the face of European hostility. First of all, "mento" music emerged as a distinct kind of Jamaican folk music in the early part of the 1900s, although its actual roots - like so much Caribbean music - are founded in African rhythms, Latin rhythms and Anglo folksongs. From roughly the midway point of the twentieth century onward, Mento was muscled aside by Rocksteady and by Reggae (Romer, 2007). Nonetheless, what is important about this music is that, even while slaves might have been compelled prior to independence to sing Christian church hymns, there was always time - albeit perhaps not much of it, and perhaps the singing itself was done in secret - to sing indigenous songs that recalled a long-ago African world."
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"The Inheritance of Loss", 2008.
An analysis of the theme of national identity in Kiran Desai's "The Inheritance of Loss".
816 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how Kiran Desai in "The Inheritance of Loss" offers an indictment of a capitalist system that has managed to crush the spirits of a large portion of the world's inhabitants through a relentless attack on their national and racial identity. The paper looks at Desai's portrayals of the characters Biju and the judge and highlights the difficulty in maintaining one's national identity in hostile environments. The paper notes how Desai portrays two very different responses to the degradation that so often befalls the inhabitants of exploited countries.
From the Paper
"The central issue in the judge's life is racial self-hatred, and he spends his bitter years in an awful quest for pale skin and European civilization. Desai does not offer many details about the judge's childhood in India, but it is clear that he arrives in England with a healthy amount of self-respect. It is in England, however, that the judge begins to feel shame at his heritage and darker skin, and it is there that he begins to experience bitterness over the circumstances of his birth. The magnitude of his shame is understandable, and the harrowing scene of his civil service examination encapsulates this well. In it, the judge is forced to recite a poem from memory, but his recitation, riddled as it is by a heavy accent, only manages to amuse his merciless examiners: ""When he looked up, he say they were all chuckling" (Desai 124). "
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