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Environmental Stresses, 2007.
An overview of environmental stresses in mangrove swamps and coral reefs.
1,016 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts some of the environmental stresses faced by two marine ecosystems: the coral reefs and the mangrove swamps. It attempts to show that despite differences in types of ecosystem stressors, both share common anthropogenic stresses. The paper begins by describing the coral reefs and mangrove swamps and then describes the threats to them, environmentally.
From the Paper
"Despite the vast amount of coral, that can seem mind-boggling at times, the specific environmental conditions required by coral means that it can be very susceptible to environmental changes. For examples, relatively minor surface water temperature increases can kill, or bleach, coral reefs. In Hawaii Jokiel and Brown (2004) found that sea surface temperature increases of just more than 1 degree C caused significant coral bleaching in both 1996 and 2002. They observed that the overall trend of oceanic warming is causative for increases in the frequency and severity of coral bleaching worldwide. While global warming has been pointed to as the reason for this increase, there are more direct ways that man is placing new environmental stresses on coral reefs. "
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The Pacific Northwest, 2006.
A review of "The Organic Machine: The Remaking of the Columbia River", by Richard White and a discussion regarding the impact the Columbia River has had on the Pacific Northwest.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the book "The Organic Machine: The Remaking of the Columbia River" by Richard White, a book that provides a new 'organic' model for environmental history. The paper further discusses the history of the environmental movement in the area, as well as, factors such as technology, that influence the environmental movement today.
Outline:
Part I - What is the Organic Machine as Described by Richard White
Part II - Environmental Movement Since 1970
From the Paper
"White suggests that mankind has manipulated nature to meet his own needs, stating "we treated science as if it were literally a machine that can be disassembled and redesigned largely at will" (White, 111). Further White suggests that the organic machine man has created consists of "various parts" that "can be assigned different functions" (White, 111). The Columbia River is not longer views as a whole, but rather as parts of a larger machine whose purpose includes serving the needs of many. The organic machine has been conquered and divided to fulfill the desires of mankind, with humans now capable of controlling every aspect of the rivers functioning. This fits in line with the new model of the environment, suggesting that society will only attempt to control every aspect of the environment to suite his own needs. Many will develop what they need to and split any environmental natural resources to match our wants and perceived desires."
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Global Warming, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of global warming on plant and animal life.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the increase in global warming and the factors that are contributing to it. The paper discusses the different effects that global warming is having in different parts of the globe and how it is affecting the plants and animals of the various regions. The paper ends by specifically discussing the effects of global warming on polar bears and how it has led to polar bears being on the endangered species list.
From the Paper
"World Watch reports that the Arctic is now warming at nearly twice the rate of the rest of the globe (Mastny 2005). This warming is accelerating ice melt at the North Pole and presents serious implications for the region's wildlife and people, global sea levels, and overall planetary warming (Mastny 2005). The ice could disappear almost entirely over this century, "creating a feedback loop that accelerates overall planetary warming by replacing the ice with darker water surfaces that absorb the sun's heat" (Mastny 2005). Moreover, seals, seabirds, and other animals that depend on food found at the ice edge are also beginning to suffer from the changing Arctic climate (Mastny 2005). Changes in the ice cover in northern Canada have led to hunger and weight loss among the polar bear population, and scientists project that some regions could become uninhabitable for the bears within twenty years (Mastny 2005)."
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Deforestation in the Amazon, 2007.
This paper examines the environmental issues relates to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.
2,559 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the causes and effects of the problem of deforestation in the Brazilian part of the Amazon, the solutions attempted so far to control the deforestation, the extent of their success and the proposed solutions. The paper describes how the Amazonian rainforest constitutes the world's most diverse ecosystem and contains more than half of the world's estimated 10 million plant and animal species. The paper explains that it is being destroyed at an alarming rate mainly due to human activity such as commercial logging, mining and oil exploration. The paper concludes that a greater commitment is required from the international community if we are to save this priceless heritage for our future generations.
Outline:
The Problem
Attempted Solutions
Proposed Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In Brazil alone, where the bulk of the Amazon rainforest lies, over 530,000 square kilometers of rainforest have been destroyed since 1978. Even more alarming is the fact that the rate of destruction shows no signs of abating as between August 2003 and 2004 alone, some 26,000 square kilometers of forest in Brazil- an area larger than Israel--was deforested. (Butler, "Deforestation in the Amazon,") Some estimates indicate that if the destruction of the Amazonian rainforests continues at the current rate, we will manage to completely consume the remaining rainforests in the next 50 years. (Butler-"Local and National Consequences") Needless to add, this would be a tragedy of catastrophic proportions."
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Asthma, 2007.
An analysis of factors that influence the severity of asthma attacks and the care of asthma patients.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether the incidents of asthma outbreaks increase in children who live in an inner city environment with a higher level of environmental pollutants, as compared to those of children who live in suburbs of the same city. It then discusses if a nursing plan tailored to the environmental triggers of the inner city environment along with the education of asthma patients and their parents will reduce the frequency of rescue inhaler use in children.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Methodology
Evaluation
Ethical Considerations
Budget
Human Subjects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It has been identified that children who have asthma have almost 90% more health care costs and require twice as many hospital days (Lozano, Fishman, VonKorff M, et al. 1997). The sum of the research reviewed shows a 180 degree change in the results of the early 1980s which seemed to indicate that patients did not improve symptomatology after education programs were in place. Now it is firmly identified that providers who treat patients with asthma must not only provide the medication, with clear instructions on its use but also give verbal and even written instructions on disease management. It now appears that patients need to have more education so they may identify all elements of the lifestyle which may effect disease management (Mansour , Lanphear , DeWitt, 2000; Finkelstein, Lozano, Farber, et al, 2002)."
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The Environment: Nature and Society, 2007.
An examination of man's relationship with nature, and the ways in which modern man has learned to coexist with his environment.
1,853 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
The writer proposes that nature and society have not always peacefully coexisted; while one cannot argue that nature does not support mankind's existence, throughout much of early history mankind dominated over nature rather than lived synergistically within the context of natural society. The paper explores how ideas about nature, society and their interconnection have transformed significantly from the early 19th century to the present. While early history in America is marked by a period of ecological imperialism, modern environmental trends are shifting more toward an Arcadian outlook. The paper concludes that mankind has developed a greater appreciation for the interrelationship between nature and society and focuses less on exploiting or conquering the environment and nature, and more on supporting the environment and discovering new ways of coexisting with nature.
Outline:
Introduction
Ideas About Nature and Society Early 19th Century
Contemporary Ideas of Nature and Society
Conclusions
From the Paper
"As time progressed however, society began slowly but surely realizing the devastating effects industrialization had on nature. Slowly people began realizing that industrialization could not exist apart from nature, but rather everything man did to support industrialized processes influenced nature. Nature was not simply a source of natural resources for man to exploit, rather nature provided mankind the very sustenance he needs to survive. Slowly society began adopting a more conservationist rather than exploitative approach to nature. Prominent government agencies and members of ecological groups began realizing that nature and society must coexist in a more Arcadian manner."
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Geography of Utah, 2007.
A review of the state of Utah and it's natural geographical beauty.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the unique geography of the state of Utah. The paper reviews the different types of geology, landscapes and recreational opportunities in Utah as well as Utah's national parks.
Contents:
Introduction
About Utah's Landscape
Utah Heritage and Culture
Mormon History and Heritage
The Weather of Utah
National Parks Of Utah
Zion National Park
Bryce Canyon National Park
Arches National Park
Canyon lands National Park
Capitol Reef National Park
Ashley National Forest
Utah Fishing
Utah Hunting
Utah Camping
Boating in Utah
Utah Skiing
Utah Snowmobiling
Rock Hounding Utah
The Winter Olympic- 2002
From the Paper
"Another exciting and well known outdoor activity is trout fishing, in high mountain lakes and streams. Seldom know that the state also offers a wide variety of other exciting fishing opportunities such as trophy lake trout. The trout alone weighs at over 40 pounds. In addition, ferocious tiger muskie, striped bass so abundant that they have removed the limit, exclusive and hard-fighting wipers, as well as quality waters for walleye, perch, smallmouth, channel catfish, largemouth, crappie, white bass, and several other species are all to be fond in fishing. Fishing is open throughout the year on most waters. However, all visitors have to follow certain rules of fishing, which are available at all Wildlife Resources offices and also at most local stores and visitor information outlets. "
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Nigerian Natural Resources: Blessing or Curse?, 2007.
Questions whether natural resources are a blessing or a curse in the development process of a country, using Nigeria as a case study.
9,950 words (approx. 39.8 pages), 28 sources, APA, AU$ 294.95
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Abstract
The concept that countries that are endowed with natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and gold should exploit them to promote economic growth and development has long been recognized as one of the fundamental principles of development economics. The principle of comparative advantage also maintains that countries should exploit those factors that they hold in greatest abundance. The revenues that are generated by natural resources can be used to assist in the promotion of economic growth in this view, which will then allow the economy to diversify and produce the kinds of higher value-added goods that are necessary to further accelerate economic development. The resource curse theory. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to determine the relationship between economic growth and human capital, and what current theories and models provide insights into this process. A case study of Nigerian underdevelopment is presented to determine how, in spite of abundant natural resources, the country has failed to fully realize the potential of many of its natural resources. Further, research on the role of western nations in conflicts in Africa as an indirect factor for the mismanagement of natural resources in Africa is also provided. A summary of the research, salient conclusions and timely recommendations are presented in the concluding chapter. The paper includes tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4
Data Analysis
Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"While petroleum products are a relative newcomer to Nigeria's "resource curse" mix, coal and tin have been mined in the country since the early colonial period; however, coal production decreased following World War II, as a consequence of the redirection of resources to the potentially more lucrative oil industry. Nevertheless, substantial coal reserves of varying quality remain throughout Nigeria's south-central states (see map at Appendix B) in a strip of country that stretches from Benin to Cameroon. Furthermore, columbite and tin can be found in the Jos Plateau and there are iron-ore deposits in the Lokoja area (situated close to the Ajaokuta steel complex in the lower Niger valley)."
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Waste Management of Maltese Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, 2007.
An analysis of the history of waste management in Malta and a recommendation for the future.
2,828 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the waste management of Maltese Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. The paper discusses the history of poor waste management in the area. The paper suggests that there is a gap between the ideals of the government and its investors, particularly in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and the actual and current want of strict protocols, official guidelines and better methods of handling dangerous or hazardous waste that comes out of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants. It also suggests the need for further studies into the problem.
Table of Contents:
Discussion
Limitations And Recommendations
From the Paper
"These guidelines and SOPs are limited to pharmaceutical manufacturing companies now operating in Malta at this present time and cover only the management of their hazardous waste products in each stage indicated by the guidelines and SOPs. They are also to be applied in accordance with current legislations in force in the island and from an agreement with the EU.
This study recommended that these guidelines and SOPs on pick up, packaging and loading and export be tested on other and next-largest pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Malta for a reasonable period and the findings compared with those of Actavis, Ltd. The difficulties encountered in the case of Actavis, Ltd. should be noted and used as guide in the study of other similar firms in the island."
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The Oil Industry, 2007.
An in-depth study of the oil industry and its profitability.
5,616 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 199.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the oil energy industry and how it affects us. The paper discusses the manner in which oil prices affect individual citizens, the airline and transportation industries. In addition, the investigation explores government regulations on energy. The research substantiates the claim that in the modern world the top privately owned oil companies are extremely profitable, because western society is addicted to the oil energy. The paper explains that, as a result, energy companies' profits are related to supply and demand.
Outline:
Introduction
Oil as a Commodity
Petroleum Sector
Transportation Industries
Government Regulations on Energy
Foreign Affairs
Black Energy Trade
Future Trends
Future
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Oil has long been a source of fuel in America and throughout the world. During the last three decades America and other nations have greatly increased their dependence on foreign oil, however America was not always so dependent on foreign oil. According to Han (1994) during the late 1940's America was both the main producer and consumer of crude oil and petroleum products in the world. The author explains that there was "an average annual production of 1,906 million barrels of crude oil during 1947-49, the United States alone accounted for nearly two-thirds of the combined production of all market-oriented economies. This situation existed simply because the United States was a large industrial economy that thrived on oil more than any other country in the world (Han 1994, pg. 11)." "
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Watershed Protection Plans, 2007.
This paper discusses watershed protection plans and the impact on public health.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer provides an analysis of how developing watershed protection plans can impact public health. The researcher predicts that watershed protection plans (WPP) can improve public health by preserving and protecting the environment and water supplies. The writer notes that current statistics suggest that the quality of water available through watersheds throughout the nation is declining. Further, the writer points out that this will affect not only natural ecosystems but also impair the public's health as the public generally relies on various bodies of water as a source of life sustaining drinking water, entertainment and recreation. The writer highlights that it is vital that federal, state and local agencies adopt policies that will proactively result in positive changes to the quality of watershed protection plans currently under consideration.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview WPP
Watershed Protection Plans and Public Health
New Jersey Efforts at Promoting Watershed Management
Discussion
References
From the Paper
"In recent years an emphasis has been placed on watershed based protection plans in an effort to help restore and protect aquatic ecosystems. This follows what some have referred to as a "broader trend" toward "ecosystem approaches to environmental protection in general" . The intent is addressing the environment in a way that focuses not only on the health of the ecosystem but also the public. For purposes of this paper watershed will include "the entire surface drainage area contributing to water in a lake or river" . Watershed management and protection measures have recently resurfaced in response to complex concerns regarding water problems and the quality of water available in watersheds throughout the country."
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Genetically Modified Food, 2007.
A metadata analysis of the capacity of intensification of agricultural production via genetic engineering to feed a growing population.
16,724 words (approx. 66.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, AU$ 364.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the assumption that the gene revolution--represented by the integration of genetic engineering techniques into the field of agriculture--is capable of positively affecting the current human population crisis. The study examines this very ideological assumption that has not largely been challenged in the popular or critical literature on the subject. It then attacks that assumption and illustrates its erroneous base.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One: Introduction and Statement of Problem
1.1 Statement of Problem
1.2 Purpose of the Study
1.3 Importance of the Study
1.4 Scope of the Study
1.5 Rationale of the Study
1.6 Definition of Terms
1.7 Overview of the Study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Scope of the Literature Review
2.2 Intensification of Production is Favourable
2.3 Intensification of Production is Unfavourable
Chapter Three: Methodology
3.1 Approach
3.2 Data Gathering Method
3.3 Database of Study
3.4 Validity of Study
3.5 Originality and Limitations
Chapter Four: Data Analysis
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
From the Paper
"In order to fully examine that relationship, it was necessary to critically examine literature, statistics, and historical examples that might shed some light on the relationship that exist between food production and population growth. Additionally, studies were consulted that spoke to the capacity for genetically modified foods to increase agricultural production. In all, the range of information required for this study was significant and at times may have appeared to stray beyond the limited scope of genetically modified food. However, in order to demonstrate the manner by which genetically modified food would have its greatest negative impact upon human societies, it was essential to take a broader look at the role that genetically modified foods have played in the intense push to intensify agricultural production year after year in order to presumably keep up with geometric population growth by always generating more food than is needed."
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Oil, 2006.
A discussion on oil supply, foreign relations and future use in the US.
1,857 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a discussion on America's demand for oil, at any cost, to produce energy. It includes schematic representation to qualify points made. It continues to explore the correlation between America's foreign relations and its need for oil. The author also expands on the importance on planning for a replacement of oil and securing oil supply for the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Oil Supplies and Foreign Relations
Securing Future Energy Requirements
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Environmental concerns, high cost of domestically produced oil does not promise huge oil increases from domestic resources. But US will have continued access to international market. Rehabilitation of Libya in international community will allow US to import oil from this desperate for cash country. Even Russia has offered to sell Oil to America. The present panic in the oil markets is due to the uncertain political situation. It seems very likely that as soon as this crisis is over we will perhaps once again discard our search for increased domestic supplies and go back to the business as usual of relying on cheap supplies from the Gulf."
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Risk Perceptions, 2006.
The paper analyzes the relevance of individuals' perceptions of risks to the actions of the government in managing potential hazards.
4,839 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 56 sources, MLA, AU$ 180.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the role risk perceptions play in shaping citizens' policy preferences on three issues involving types of potential harms: air pollution, crime, and hazardous waste storage and disposal. The paper uses cases studies to illustrate that risk perceptions are relevant to the public's views on environmental issues. The analysis shows that crime, as a personal safety/social policy issue, and air pollution as an environmental regulatory issue are extremely similar in terms of determinants of policy preferences. Hazardous waste storage and disposal is quite dissimilar. The paper concludes that that it is evident that most individuals do see the role of government as inclusive of a duty to protect the citizenry from such hazardous materials and environments.
Outline:
Introduction
Specific Case Studies Regarding Waste Management Issues
Specific Relationships between Risk Management and Policy
Risk in Individual Policy Preferences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Individuals' perceptions of risks are relevant to the policy process. The degree of risk individuals assign to activities (e.g., cigarette smoking) or technologies (e.g., genetic modification of foods) involving possible harm helps shape their attitudes toward public policy on such issues. Extensive literatures explain both the underlying causes of risk perception per se and the determinants of assigning risk to particular activities, situations, or technologies. But relatively few studies account for how those risk perceptions specifically influence preferences toward government policies designed to manage potential public health, personal safety, or ecological hazards."
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Charlotte Adelman, 2006.
A look at the environmental contributions of the author Charlotte Adelman.
763 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Charlotte Adelman is an excellent example of one person making a significant difference in improving the condition of the environment. It looks at how she has made it a personal mission to rectify the environmental injustices she finds in her community and in her own backyard.
From the Paper
"Garlic mustard would be her next personal challenge. The invasive plant had overrun Adelman's local park. She nobly asked the park district to allow her to organize a garlic mustard pull. It took three years of requests, before they agreed. Adeleman gathered a few friends and removed tons of the invasive weed. Upon their success, Adelman asked the park district to make it an annual event. The following year, the Sierra Club joined in, and although the three-year delay allowed the garlic mustard to gain a good foothold in the five-acre park, thanks to Adelman, it's now being dealt with (Adelman)."
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International Environmental Clean-up Efforts, 1998.
A discussion of environmental pollution and the efforts made to clean-up and reduce the damage caused by the pollution.
1,326 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses various regions and how soil degradation, air or water pollution, pesticide misuse, overpopulation, wildlife extinction or threatened biodiversity, and deforestation impacts these regions. The paper examines the root causes of these problems, and the strategies that local governments, businesses, or individual citizens can implement to lessen the negative impact on the environment in these regions and help prepare them for a more sustainable future. The paper considers factors such as limited resources in the region, focusing on practical solutions to the problems in relation to funding development and implementation on a local level. The writer considers whether outside sources might be needed and how much or what extent the outside source will be involved.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Capacity for Management
UNEP & UN-HABITAT
Project Combination Brings About Improvement
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"The plan for clean-up was supported through proceeds of fundraising. UNEP implemented a total of 16 "works projects at the four hotspot sites" which was at the cost of $12.5 million. Further provided through international bilateral support partners was the means to fund six more projects totaling twenty-two efforts.
UNEP worked with Novi Sad Waterworks immediately beginning construction work on a hydraulic barrier for prevention of the contaminated ground water migrating from the refinery to the wells holding the drinking water. UNEP and others they partnered with at the Pancevo petrochemical plant performed the installation of equipment needed at the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) plant for recovery and treatment of 400 tonnes of spilled EDC that had come from the damaged storage tanks at some point during the conflict."
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